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Name.

Bean, J. P.

PREFERMENTS-Continued.

Preferment.

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Val. Pop.

London..... Parishioners............... £255
Winchester Bp. of Winchester
Bp. of Salisbury

789

234

182

169

396

133

(St. Mary, Alderman-) bury, P.C.............) Bradford, Wm. K. Weeke, R. Brown, E............ Monkton Farleigh, R.... Sarum Burrows, S.......... Sheinton, R..... Lichfield.... Late Rev. J. Hodgson.. 288 Chapman, T........ Radford-Semele, v...... Worcester.. H. Greswolde, Esq...... Cockerton, J........ Turweston, R.............. Lincoln...... D. & C. of Westminster 300 (St. Barnabas, Bristol, G. & B......

Coles, J. J....
Courtenay, F.......
Cox, J.

P.C..........

(St. Sidwell's, Exeter,

Exeter....... Vicar of Heavitree

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Palgrave, R............................................ Norwich..... Sir E. Kerrison, Bart...
Cripps, J. M........ Gt. Yeldham, R. ......... London..... Mrs. J. M. Cripps........
Cumberlege, J..... Egginton, P.C............. Ely ........... Parishioners
Drury, H..... .... Alderley, R.............. G. & B...... R. H. B. Hale, Esq.....
Evans, E. C......... (Hope-under-Dinmore) Hereford... Bishop of Hereford......

P.C.

......

Figgins, J. L.....chester, P.C........
(St. Clement, Man-
Chester...... Trustees.....................
Fisher, J. T......... Uphill, R. ................. B. & W...... John Fisher, Esq.
Freeland, H. .......
Hasketon, R............... Norwich.... Rev. H. Freeland........
Fullerton, A........ Thriberg, R.
York......... J. Fullerton, Esq.........
Gilby, F. D...ham, P.C............................
(St. James, Chelten-
G. & B...... Trustees................................................
Hill, H. T........... Wolverley, V............... Exempt..... D. & C. of Worcester...
Hippisley, R. W... Stow-on-the-Wold, R... G. & B...... H. Hippisley..........
Hodgson, J.......... Hoxne cum Denham,v. Norwich..... Sir E. Kerrison, Bart...
James, H............ Willingdon, R......... Chichester.. D. & C. of Chichester...

(Christ Church, Turn-
Jenkins, R........
ham Green, P.C.......)
Kennaway, C. E... {Trinity Ch., Brighton,

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Chichester.. Late Rev. R. Anderson 150

Lincoln...... Lord Monson..............
York......... Abp. of York..............

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Marychurch, H.W. St. John's, Weston, P.c. B. & W...... Lord Chancellor .........
Mayhew,
Laneham, v................ Lincoln..... D. & C. of York
Montgomery, S. V. Upper Gornal, P.C....... Lichfield.... Vicar of Sedgeley........
Moore, C. A. ....... Kerry, V... St. David's.. Bishop of St. David's... 330 2199
Morgan, D...................... Ham, R..................... Sarum ...... Bp. of Winchester.......
North, J. H......... Herringfleet, v............ Norwich..... John Leathes, Esq......
Robson, J. U....... Winston, V................. Norwich.... D. & C. of Ely
Symonds, T. M.... Hanwick.................... York......... — Fullerton, Esq..
Temple, W.......... Seasalter, V................ Canterbury. D. & C. of Canterbury.. 130
(Sherborne cum Wind-
Todd, E. J.
d-} G. & B...... Lord Sherborne..........

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Trollope, E.........
Waud, S. W....... Rettenden.................. London...... Bp. of Ely..........
Weddall, W. L.... Dunwich, P.C............. Norwich.... (Lord Huntingfield &
J. Barne, Esq. ......)
Whitworth, T...... Thorpe, St. Peter, v..... Lincoln..... W. Hopkinson............ 313 498

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CLERGYMEN DECEASED.

Abdy, C. B., at Coopersole Rectory.

Bridges, T. E., D.D., President of Corpus Christi
College, Oxford.

Dalton, J. H., at Hetherside, Cumberland.
Deighton, W.

Dennis, J., Vicar of White Notley.

Hale, J., Rector of Holton and Rector of Buslingthorpe, Lincoln.

Hare, M., at the Rectory, Liddington.
Jones, E., Vicar of Colwinstone.

Levett, R., at Milford Hall.

Marshall, F. J., M.A., of New Coll. Oxford, 31.

Myddelton, C. P., Inc. of Heaton Norris Chap., and Chaplain to the Earl of Tyrconnel. Pratt, H., of Wartling.

Prior, Dr., Vice-Provost of Trin. Coll., Dublin. Ramshaw, C., Vicar of Fewstone.

Rosbotham, W.

Shaw, F. W., Min. St. Ann's Chap., Wandsworth.
Tate, J., Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's and
Vicar of Edmonton.

Taylor, W. R., Rector of Town Barningham, &
Perpetual Curate of West Beckham.
Tomlin, J., A. M., Dom. Chap. to Earl Grey.
Verner, Dr. G. O., at Croydon.

MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.

SCOTLAND.

DIOCESE OF ABERDEEN.-We understand that the Rev. Alexander Allan has lately resigned the cure of Monymusk in this diocese. At the synod of the diocese of Aberdeen, which was held on the 9th current, the Bishop directed the attention of his clergy to a lecture preached by Mr. Allan, in the month of March last, to the congregation of St. Mary's, Inverary, which was subsequently published under the title of "A Lecture on the Distinctive Characters and Relative Bearings of Theological Parties in the Christian Church." The Bishop went on to state, that various points of heretical doctrine seemed to be promulgated and set forth in said lecture, with the apparent approbation of the author, which must be denounced and entirely disclaimed by the Church, whether they are to be considered as the opinions of the Parties" to whom Mr. Allan ascribes them, or of the writer and preacher himself. The Bishop produced his correspondence with Mr. A. on this painful subject, and appointed a select committee of the members of synod to take the case into their consideration, and report to the synod accordingly.

After serious deliberation, the committee reported to the synod that they had come to the conclusion that the lecture in question contains much that is highly censurable, as being at variance with the teaching of the Holy Catholic Church in general, and with that branch of it which exists in Scotland in particular. But that, as it was rather difficult to determine precisely how far the lecturer means the various statements

upon which they had occasion to remark, to be an expression of his own opinions, or merely a narrative of the doctrinal views of the "parties" which he avers have always been found in the Christian Church, the committee contented themselves with expressing their conviction, that Mr. Allan was guilty of very great indiscretion (to give it the mildest term), in making subjects of such grave importance the matter of a discourse to a christian congregation, while, at the same time, he expressed himself so vaguely as necessarily to leave the minds of those who heard him in great doubt as to what he recommended to them as truths worthy of all acceptation, and what he gave merely as the opinions of sects and parties, and of something even much more censurable, if any importance is to be attached to the notice prefixed to his lecture, which appeared to the committee to implicate the writer as individually maintaining certain views set forth in it.

The committee, in conclusion, stated, that they could not fail painfully to remark that the entire discourse is founded on the denial, or non-recognition, of that Article of the Creed"I believe One, Catholic, and Apostolic Church;" because it supposes the Catholic Church to consist of all sects and parties, however discordant from the truth and from one another, and to have no unity of faith or sacraments.

The report of the committee was unanimously approved of by the synod, and adopted by the Bishop as his judicial decision on the case.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

We are much obliged to Mr. Hare, of Langham-place, for the interesting document he has sent

to us.

THE

CHRISTIAN REMEMBRANCER.

NOVEMBER, 1843.

A Selection of Latin Stories from MSS. of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. A Contribution to the History of Fiction during the Middle Ages. Edited by THOMAS WRIGHT, M.A. F.S.A. London: Printed for the Percy Society. 1842.

Gesta Romanorum; or, Entertaining Moral Stories. Translated from the Latin, with Preliminary Observations and Copious Notes. By the REV. CHARLES SWAN. 2 vols. London: Rivingtons. 1824,

WASHINGTON IRVING, in one of the chapters of his delightful Sketch-Book, describes a curious scene which he witnessed during an afternoon reverie in the library of the British Museum. Whilst the authors of the day were bepluming themselves with the feathers of the great writers of old, and parading their borrowed ornaments as the creation of their own minds and their own bands, on a sudden the trumpet of alarm was sounded, and from all sides rushed the resuscitated champions of old, eager to tear from the backs of the impostures the various plumes and patches they had appropriated. Those who had borrowed a gem from some old author, and heightened its splendour by its new setting, the original possessors not only spared, but applauded; the rest of the crowd fared but poorly.

First and foremost among these men of old, thus summoned to reclaim their treasures, must have been the author or authors of those Latin stories which the monks of the middle ages composed as recreations at the refectory, or exhortations from the pulpit. Innumerable must have been the purloiners of gems from their treasury; and many, very many, those celebrated writers and poets who had heightened and improved the splendours of the gems they had borrowed from the didactic fiction of the monks. Gower, Lydgate, Boccace, Shakspere-nay, the list would be as long as a chancery-roll-have drawn their best plots and most attractive stories from this monkish mine, as the monks themselves drew many of their stories from the legends of far-off countries, still traditionally remembered in their convent, and here and there enshrined in the older chronicle of some NO. XXXV.-N. S. 3 o

elder brother of the monastery. In the middle ages, even more than in any other, did almost every effort of the human mind assume the primitive and simple form of fable-a form at all times most attractive, and in that age the only medium by which the untutored mind could realize its conceptions.

The History of Fiction has ever been involved in much perplexity, and formed the most agreeable debateable land of our leading antiquaries. The more mysterious an investigation bids fair to be; the less we have to depend on fact; and the more we are at the mercy of conjecture, so much the more does the mind love to grasp at the mystery, and delight in the dim perspective and intricacies of the way. Each successive adventurer finds it more easy to pull down the various bridges, and break in the various cuttings by which his predecessor has endeavoured to make the way straight, than to throw his own bridge over the river or the morass of time that intervenes between the traveller and the goal. Four distinct sources have been contended for: the Scandinavian bards, the Arabians of the Spanish peninsula, the Armoricans, or Bretons, and the classical authors of Greece and Rome. Mallet and Bishop Percy come forward as the advocates of Scandinavia; Dr. Wharton writes himself the champion of the Spanish Arabians; Wilson is rather inclined to the Breton theory; and Dr. Southey and Mr. Dunlop come forward as the advocates of the classical and mythological authors; whilst Sir Henry Ellis would reconcile all differences by a quiet jumble of Breton scenes coloured by Scandinavia, and worked by Arabian machinery.

The poems of the northern Scalds, the legends of the Arabians of Spain, the songs of the Armoricans, and the classics of the ancient world, have doubtless been the mediate sources of the most prevalent fictions. The immediate source must be sought in even earlier times and more eastern climes. In some instances perverted notions of Scripture characters furnished the supernatural agency of the legend; in the majority the machinery came direct from the East, already dilated and improved. In many parts of the old Scriptures we learn how familiar the nations of the East were with spells; and the elevation of Solomon Daoud to the throne of the Genii, and to the lordship of the Talisman, proves the traditional intercourse between God's own people and the nations of the far East. We can easily conceive how the contest of David and Goliath may have formed the foundation of many a fierce encounter between knight and giant, and the feats of Samson been dilated into the miracles of the heroes of chivalry. In the book of Tobit, which is indeed referred to in the application of the tale of "The Emperor Vespasian and the Two Rings," we find an angel in the place of a saint, enchantments, antidotes, distressed damsels, demons, and nearly all the recognised machinery of fiction. The vagaries of the Talmud, clearly derived from eastern sources, were no small treasure on which to draw for wonders and miracles. And when we find all the

machinery of the East in the poems of the Scalds, we cannot but perceive how much more reasonable it is to suppose the cold conceptions of the Northern bards to have been fed from the East, than the warm imaginations of the East to have drawn their inspiration from the North.

Two objections must not be neglected the ignorance and misrepresentation of the religions of the East, shown through every page of the popular legends of the chivalric age. May it not have been the aim of the Christian writers to represent the infidels in the worst possible light, to pervert their creed, to exaggerate their vices? The charge of idolatry, and the adoration of the golden image of Mahomet, may have been mere pious frauds. Again, the Romans adopted the legends of Greece, and naturalized them. With the mythology came the religious rites appendant to it. How did it happen that the Scalds adopted the one without falling into the other error? Was there no difference of predisposition in the Romans and the Scalds as to the adoption of the mythologies of the East and Greece? Had not long intercourse in the one case prepared the Romans to receive, did it not agree with their preconceived notions? Such was not the case with the Northern nations. Children, and rude children of nature, they were in no way prepared for a similar effect; but, seizing on the prominent features of the legends presented to them, they engrafted them on their own wild and terrible stories, adding to the original matter in some cases, and rejecting portions of it in others.

That the Arabians, who entered Spain from the opposite shores of Africa about the beginning of the eighth century, "disseminated those extravagant inventions which were so peculiar to their romantic and creative genius," is in no way refuted by the absence of Moorish subjects from the earliest tales of chivalry, for when they arrived, the legends of Charlemagne and his peers had already taken root in the minds of the people; and however the Arabians may have introduced some portion of eastern fiction to mingle with the already popular legends, they could not introduce it as a whole, so powerful is the tendency of a conquered country to graft its own character, legends, and customs, on its conquerors. Is there anything very monstrous in believing that the introduction of judicial astrology, medicine, and chemistry, sciences so connected with the supposed operations of the magician, as to give that name to the possessor of them, would fail of extending their influence to the legendary stories, as well as to the habits and life of the Western world, described in these legends? And thus the introduction of eastern invention would be gradual, and therefore more natural; would be the growth of times and of ages, not the sudden birth and growth of a night; and would be gradually augmenting until it attained to perfect maturity. The writer to whom we are indebted for the translation of the "Gesta Romanorum," has put forward another theory to account for the introduction of romantic fiction into the Western world. In his

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