Quando in consilio est ædilibus? Agmine facto 81: sarcina is found in the same 162. When does a poor man sit as assessor to an ædile? a lucrative office, it would seem. Agm. fac.] x. 218. 163. olim] = jamdudum, iv. 96 n. ten.] miraberis nunquam antea visus, summatem virum tenuem te sic enixius observantem, Ammian. xiv. 6 § 12. [164-189. It is hard everywhere for the needy to rise, but most hard at Rome, owing to the rage for display in the provinces men dress as they please, nor do clients there fee the slaves of the great.] 164. em.] Ad summas emergere opes, Lucret. ii. 13: cf. infr. vii. 59 sq. 165. Cf. ὅστις πένης ὢν ζῆν ἐν ἄστει βούλεται ἀθυμότερον ἑαυτὸν ἐπιOvμeî Tоieîv, Menand. ap. Stob. xcvi. 20. 166. magno] constat. hosp. mis.] infr. 225 n., ix. 63. 168. Fict.] x. 25, xi. 20: Tubero paupertatem et se dignam et Capitolio judicavit, quum fictilibus in publica cœna usus ostendit debere his hominem esse contentum, quibus dii etiam nunc uterentur, Sen. 165 170 Ep. 98 § 13, cf. 95 § 72. "At Rome a man is ashamed to dine off earthenware, which he will make no scruple about if you set him down among the hardy Marsians and Sabines." 169. Mars.] xiv. 180, Hor. Od. ii. 20. 18, iii. 5. 9: severissimorum hominum, Sabinorum: fortissimorum virorum Marsorum, Cic. in Vatin. § 36 genus acre virum, Marsos pubemque Sabellam, Virg. G. ii. 167 it was said that before B.C. 90 there had never been a triumph over the Marsi, nor one in which they bore no part, Appian. B. C. i. 46. Sabellam] or Sabinam; supr. 85, x. 299 n. 170. ven.] Sea-green. cuc.] A sort of cape, worn over the lacerna. It was drawn over the head either to disguise the wearer, viii. 145, or to defend him from the weather: Cultam vestitamque familiam magis utiliter quam delicate habeat [villicus], munitamque diligenter a vento frigore pluviaque; quæ cuncta prohibentur pellibus manicatis, centonibus confectis, vel sagis cucullis, Colum. i. 8 § 9. Cf. interponas aliquot dies, quibus contentus minimo ac vilissimo cibo, dura atque horrida veste, dicas tibi : Pars magna Italiæ est, si verum admittimus, in qua Hoc est quod timebatur, Sen. Ep. 18 § 3. 171. si v. ad.] To confess the truth. 172. tog.] The toga was costly and inconvenient (xi. 204), and hence little worn except on formal occasions, supr. 127 n. The charm of Pliny's Tuscan villa was "altius ibi otium et pinguius eoque securius, nulla necessitas toga," Ep. v. 6 § 45 togati et urbani are opposed to duri et agrestes, id. vi. 30 § 4: quin ergo aliquando in urbem redis? Quousque regnabis? quousque vigilabis quum voles? dormies quamdiu voles? quousque calcei nusquam? toga feriata? id. vii. 3 § 2: toga rara, Mart. x. 47. 5, cf. iv. 66. 1-3 at the Saturnalia the synthesis was worn instead of the toga in Rome-hilarius cœnandum, et exuendam togam, Sen. Ep. 18 § 1: Mart. xiv. 1. 1, ib. 141; Augustus forbade the citizens to appear without the toga in the forum or circus, Suet. Aug. 40. mort.] Togam quoque parari et voto et funeri, Apul. Flor. i. n. 4 § 18: pallens toga mortui tribulis, Mart. ix. 58. 8: τὸ σῶμα τοῦ τεθνηκότος ἀμφιεννύουσι λευκοῖς, Plut. Qu. Rom. 26 : ̓Ανδρὶ δὲ νοσοῦντι λευκὰ ἔχειν ἱμάτια θάνατον προαγορεύει διὰ τὸ τοὺς ἀποθανόντας ἐν λευκοῖς ἐκφέpeo@al, Artem. ii. 3: Filiusfamilias 175 togam emit, mortuo deinde eo pater ignorans et putans suam esse, dedicavit eam in funus ejus, Paullus Dig. xv. 3. 19: magistrates were buried in the toga prætexta, Liv. xxxiv. 7. Ipsa] Even on festivals the undress tunic is worn: O soles, O tunicata quies, Mart. x. 51. 6. 173. herb. th.] Cf. Virg. Æn. v. 286 sq., Ov. A. A. i. 105 sq. si qu.] If ever, as seldom happens. 174. pulp.] xiv. 257. 175. Ex.] Juventus, histrionibus fabellarum actu relicto, ipsa inter se more antiquo ridicula intexta versibus jactitare cœpit: unde exodia postea appellata consertaque fabellis potissimum Atellanis sunt, Liv. vii. 2: cf. Juv. vi. 71: Principio exitus dignus Exodiumque sequetur, Lucil. ap. Schol. a farce, so called as being performed at the close of the exhibition. hiat.] vi. 636, Pers. v. 3 Jahn: "the actor with a mask that towers above his head, and a great mouth gaping wide, as if to swallow up the audience," Lucian, de Salt. 27: v. the Lexicons, s. v. manducus. 176. In the Antich. di Ercol. (Pitt. i. p. 181) three winged boys are seen at play. One, by exhibiting a mask, so alarms one of his playmates that he falls backward heels over head: cf. more puerorum, quibus metus incutit umbra, et personarum Equales habitus illic similesque videbis Hic ultra vires habitus nitor, hic aliquid plus deformitas, et depravata facies, Sen. In grem.] Il. vi. 467, Eur. Troad. 557, 558 : Αὐτίκα τὴν κούρην μορμύσε σεται· ἡ δὲ τεκούσης Δύνει ἔσω κόλπους, θεμένη ἐπὶ φάεσι χεῖρας, Callim. in Dian. 70, 71. [177. In the rustic crowd there is no distinction of latus clavus or angusticlavus, nor any prætexta; even the municipal senate (decuriones), who occupy the orchestra, as the senators do at Rome, are dressed like the rest of the spectators in tunics.] 179. ad.] vacuis ædilis Ulubris, x. 102 n.: the chief local magistrate is content with the undress tunic, and does not care for any other dress of honour. sum.] The great men of the town, cf. Hor. S. i. 6. 72, 73. 180. At Rome men live beyond their means, in order to make a figure in society. Gloria quem supra 180 185 vires et vestit et unguit, Hor. Ep. i. 18. 22: S. ii. 3. 323. hab.] genitive. 181. arc.] i. 90 n. 182. Cf. vii. 135 sq. amb.] ostentatious infelix supellex, quæ, sicut apud pauperes ambitiosos, pluribus et diversis officiis conteratur, Quintil. ii. 4 § 29, Mart. ix. 63. 3: nos sine duce erramus, et dicimus, "non ego ambitiosu sum, sed nemo aliter Romæ potest vivere. Non ego sumptuosus sum, sed urbs ipsa magnas impensas exigit," Sen. Ep. 50 § 3. So in Greek φιλοτιμεῖσθαι. Cf. Sat. vi. 352 sq. 184. Quid das] Hor. S. i. 9. 57: Quid ergo? Sapiens non accedet ad fores, quas durus janitor obsidet? Ille vero, si res necessaria vocabit, experietur, et illum, quisquis erit, tanquam canem acrem, objecto cibo leniet, nec indignabitur aliquid impendere, ut limen transeat, Sen. Const. Sap. 14 § 2: domus hæc sapientis angusta, sine cultu, sine strepitu, sine apparatu, nullis observatur janitoribus, turbam venali fastidio digerentibus, ib. 15 § 3: Tac. Ann. iv. 74. Cossum] nobilem, Schol. aliquando] Cf. Mart. ix. 8. 185. Mart. x. 10. 5, Tac. Ann. xiii. 23: vix allevatis labiis insusurratum Ille metit barbam, crinem hic deponit amati, Plena domus libis venalibus. / Accipe et istud Fermentum tibi habe: præstare tributa clientes Cogimur et cultis augere peculia servis. Quis timet aut timuit gelida millies nomen oscitatione superbissima reddent, Sen. de Brev. Vit. 14 § 7: ille tamen, quisquis est, insolenti quidem vultu, sed aliquando respexit, ib. 2 § 5: (Nero) neque adveniens, neque proficiscens, quemquam osculo impertivit, ac ne resalutatione quidem, Suet. Ner. 37. Lucian, Saturnal. 20 fin. Vei.] iv. 113 n. [186 sq. When the patron offers to some god the locks of a handsome page, and the house is full of sacrificial cakes to be distributed to the guests, poor clients must fee the slaves or they are not admitted to a share.] 186. met. barb.] Lips. Exc. ad Tac. Ann. xiv. 15: Stat. speaking of such an amatus-O ubi venturæ spes non longinqua juventæ, Atque genis optatus honos, jurataque multum Barba tibi, Silv. ii. 1. 53: dulcesque capillos Pergameo posuit dona sacrata deo, Ille puer tota domino gratissimus aula, Mart. i. 32, ix. 17: cf. 18, id. iii. 6, Sil. iv. 200 sq., Virg. En. vii. 391 (veteres) pro cetera corporis bona valetudine crinem deo sacrum pascebant, Censor. D. Nat. 1 § 10 it was an exception when Caligula "uno atque eodem die togam sumpsit barbamque posuit sine ullo honore," Suet. 10: Nero dedicated his beard in a golden globe to Jupiter Capitolinus, and instituted to commemorate the event a festival (Juvenalia, Dio, lxi. 19), infr. xiv. 216. Præneste ruinam, 190 amat.] dep. crin.] Tac. H. iv. 61. A cersecomes, viii. 127: cf. v. 56 sq., vi. 34 sq., 377 sq., xi. 147 sq. 187. lib.] Made of cheese, flour, and eggs, Cato, R. R. 75: used in sacrifices, Hor. Epist. i. 10. 10, and birthday feasts, Tibull. ii. 2. 8. venal.] The cakes are given to all who come, but before they enter, they must fee the porter. Acc.] Take the liba, says Umbricius, "but add just rage As leaven; swell at this; poor clients pay Mere homage to proud slaves, who now bear sway," Holyday. 188. Ferm.] Quo didicisse, nisi hoc fermentum, et quæ semel intus Innata est rupto jecore exierit caprificus? Pers. i. 24, 25. tibi habe:] Mart. viii. 37. 3. 189. cult.] Supr. 158. peculium] The property which a slave acquired for himself: peculium suum, quod comparaverunt ventre fraudato, pro capite numerant, Sen. Ep. 80 § 5. [190-222. In the country one is not alarmed, as at Rome, by fires and falling houses.] 190. gel.] frigidum Præneste, Hor. Od. iii. 4. 22: Præneste (Palestrina) lay on a hill (infr. xiv. 88) in Latium, twenty M. P. south-east of Rome, with which city it was connected by the Via Prænestina. Præneste is mostly neuter, but fem. also in Virg. Æn. viii. 561; it is declined like cæpe and gausape. ruin.] Supr. 7 n. 195 Aut positis nemorosa inter juga Volsiniis, aut Tu nescis; nam si gradibus trepidatur ab imis, 191. Vols.] (Bolsena) one of the most important of the twelve confederate towns of Etruria, lay to the north-east of the lacus Volsiniensis, on the Via Clodia between Clusium and Forum Cassii. 192. Simp.] Homely. Gab.] vii. 4: a town of Latium, half-way between Rome and Præneste on the lacus Gabinus, Strab. v. p. 237. It was a colony of Alba Longa, treacherously occupied by Tarquinius Superbus, Liv. i. 53. It was now almost in ruins, x. 100 n. Its quarries, which are still shown, supplied Rome with peperino, the best stone for building, Strab. 1. 1., Tac. Ann. xv. 43. Its ruins are seen at Castiglione: Gabiosque petunt et frigida rura, Hor. Ep. i. 15. 9. pr.] Tibur supinum, Hor. Od. i. 4. 23. arce] summa nunc Tiburis arce, xiv. 87 n. 193. tib.] stantem tibicine villam, Ov. Fast. iv. 695. 194. "The city is carelessly built, like a villa, the cracks in whose walls the bailiff has daubed with mortar, so thinking to reassure the inmates." Instead of saying ut lab. obst. Juv. inverts the comparison; "for so, 200 just as in Rome houses are run up 198. poscit aq.] Cries Fire: ut arma bello, ut aqua incendio inclamari publice solent, Quintil. Decl. xii § 6: cf. infr. xiv. 305 n. frivola] =supellectilem :-non enim credibile est, hoc convenisse, ut ad universam pensionem cellæ frivola mea tenerentur, Dig. xiii. 7. 11 § 5. 199. From Virg. jam proximus ardet Ucalegon, Æn. ii. 311; a richer tenant who rents a lower story of the high lodging-house (insula), the third story of which, immediately below the tiling, is let to the poor client, who sleeps through all the confusion. Since there was great danger of fire in the insulæ, the præfecti vigilum were charged "ut curam adhibeant omnes inquilinos admonere, ne negligentia aliqua in F |