140 LICINI. SLAVES SOLD BAREFOOT. [I 109-111 quod inmensam pecuniam longa senecta detineret. Dio LXII 14 § 3. Haakh in Pauly. Ios. ant. XVIII 6 § 6. xx 7 § 1. 8 § 9. b. I. II 12 § 8. LICINIS on the generic plur. cf. II 3. VIII 4 Curios. II 35. VI 604. XI 91 Scauros et Fabricios. x 108 Crassos. Aug. cons. ev. III § 53 quia et pagani solent calumniari evangelio, videant quemadmodum locuti sint auctores eorum Phaedras Medeas et Clytaemnestras, cum singulae fuerint. Licinus XIV 305-6. x 226 n. Pers. II 36 nunc Licini in campos, nune Crassi mittit in aedis. Sen. ep. 119 § 9 quorum nomina cum Crasso Licino que numerantur. 120 § 19 cited on 66. Sidon. ep. v 7 cited on 35. He was a Gaul, prisoner of Caesar, who made him his dispensator and emancipated him, schol. h. 1. Dio LIV 21 § 3, perhaps by his will, which was executed by Augustus; hence L. is called freedman of Augustus Suet. 67 multos libertorum in honore et usu maximo habuit, ut Licinum. schol. Pers. Macr. II 4 § 24 he used to contribute largely to the public works of Augustus, once he sent him a note of hand for 100 sestertia, leaving a blank space after the amount, which A. filled in with 100 more, imitating the hand of L., who paid the double amount, but next time wrote confero tibi, domine, ad novi operis impensam quod videbitur. As procurator of Gaul under Augustus B.c. 16 and 15 he amassed great wealth, exacting 14 months' tribute in the year, charging, as December was only the 10th month, for an 11th and 12th after it, Dio §§ 3-8. Sen. de morte Cl. 6 § 1 Lugduni ... multis annis regnavit. He endeavoured to overcome popular indignation by building the basilica Iulia, and died under Tiberius, schol. h. 1. His marble monument stood on the via Salaria at the 2nd milestone schol. Pers. Mart. vIII 3 6 altaque cum Licini marmora pulvis erunt. anthol. 77 M. marmoreo Licinus tumulo iacet, at Cato parvo, | Pompeius nullo. quis putet esse deos? | [saxa premunt Licinum, levat altum fama Catonem, | Pompeium tituli. credimus esse deos.] The first distich is in schol. Pers. and schol. Cruq. Hor. a. p. 201; the answer is late, published under the name of Petron. by Cl. Binet (1579) and thence by Grangaeus (1614). See Madvig opusc. II 202-4. In Gruter 979 9 is an inscription to a libertus and a liberta of C. Iulius Licinus, probably the same. For other wealthy freedmen see XIV 91, 329. EXSPECTENT with the irony cf. 42. 111 38-40. VII 219-236. 94-7. 110 VINCANT DIVITIAE Hor. s. II 3 SACRO HONORI i. e. tribuno 109. Liv. 11 33 § 1 ut plebi sui magistratus essent sacrosancti. Plin. ep. 1 23 § 1 plurimum refert quid esse tribunatum putes, inanem umbram et sine honore nomen an potestatem sacrosanctam .. § 2 cui adsurgere, cui loco cedere omnis oporteret. Tac. XIII 44 a tribune guilty of assassination, not condemned till the expiration of his year of office. Plut. qu. Rom. 81 f. HONORI 117 n. Mart. vIII 8 4 cited on 106. 66 10 sacros honores. VIII 43. cf. the use of potestas for a magistrate x 100 n. so imperia. 111 NUPER So rapid is his rise Pers. v 75-9. Sil. IN HANC URBEM PEDIBUS QUI VENERAT ALBIS VII 16, 17 equites Bithyni, | altera quos nudo traducit Gallia talo. cf. III 83. Pers. vI 77 Jahn. Prop. v=IV 5 52 reading cretati. Ov. am. 18 63-4 nec tu, siquis erit capitis mercede redemptus, | despice. gypsati crimen inane pedis. Tibull. 11 3 59-60 regnum iste tenet, quem saepe coegit | barbara gypsatos ferre catasta pedes. Plin. xxxv §§ 199-201 the cheapest kind of creta is that wherewith pedes.. venalium trans mare advectorum denotare instituerunt maiores .so were seen on the catasta Sulla's Chrysogonus, Q. Catulus, Amphion, . . . and others enriched by the blood of citizens and the licence of proscriptions. hoc est insigne venaliciis ... 113-115] PECUNIA. ABSTRACT DIVINITIES. PAX. 141 NUM gregibus opprobriumque insolentis fortunae, quod et nos adeo potiri rerum vidimus ut praetoria quoque ornamenta decerni a senatu iubente Agrippina Claudi Caesaris videremus, tantumque non cum laureatis fascibus remitti illo unde cretatis pedibus advenissent. In the last words he is alluding to Pallas Plin. ep. vIII 6 § 14 praetoria ornamenta Pallantis. 113 MAIESTAS Hor. ep. 1 6 37 Obb. regina pecunia. PECUNIA Seneca is only speaking of the riches of temples prov. 5 § 2 non sunt divitiae bonum: itaque habeat illas et Elius leno, ut homines pecuniam, cum in templis consecraverint, videant et in fornice. Arnob. Iv 9 quis ad extremum deam Pecuniam esse credat, quam velut maximum numen vestrae indicant litterae donare anulos aureos, loca in ludis atque in spectaculis priora? So Aug. civ. D. Iv 21 (where among abstract divinities occur Victoria and Virtus; also Aesculanus and Argentinus). 24 (also Virtus, Concordia, Victoria). VII 3 § 2 cur celebrata est dea Minerva, et obscurata est dea Pecunia? 11 and 12 Iuppiter Pecunia. On the worship of wealth under the empire see Petron. 137. Friedländer 13 325. Menand. in Stob. 91 29 makes Gold and Silver the only serviceable gods. 114 HABITAS this intrans. use, with the abl. or in or apud, is more usual xiv 92, 268; the trans. use (xv 152) is confined in the act. to the poets and to later prose Mühlmann, who gives exx. of the word as applied to gods. MORUM 48. III 143. v 136. The choice of the word marks the poet's scorn ; the gen. or dat. are alike admissible ἱστάναι βωμὸν τῷ θεῷ or τοῦ θεοῦ. 115 On these abstract divinities see Marquardt Iv 22. Preller röm. Myth. 550-631. Döllinger Heidenth. u. Judenth. 469. Iuv. vI 1, 307 Pudicitia. Cic. n. d. 11 § 61 res ipsa, in qua vis inest maior aliqua, sic appellatur, ut ea ipsa nominetur deus, ut Fides, ut Mens, quas in Capitolio dedicatas videmus proxime a M. Aemilio Scauro, ante autem ab Atilio Calatino erat Fides consecrata. vides Virtutis templum, vides Honoris a M. Marcello renovatum, quod multis ante annis erat bello Ligustico a Q. Maximo dedicatum. quid Opis? quid Salutis? quid Concordiae, Libertatis, Victoriae? III § 47. de leg. 1 § 19 in an ideal code olla, propter quae datur homini adscensus in caelum, Mentem Virtutem Pietatem Fidem, earumque laudum delubra sunto, neve ulla vitiorum. Plin. II §§ 14, 15 sees human feebleness in the inquiry after the shape and form of God. Whoever God is, if there be any other, and wherever, he is all feeling, all sight, all hearing. innumeros quidem credere atque etiam ex vitiis hominum ut Pudicitiam Concordiam Mentem Spem Honorem Clementiam Fidem, maiorem ad socordiam accedit. Momos in Lucian deor, conc. 13 derides the unsubstantial names οὔτε ὄντων τινῶν παρ' ἡμῖν οὔτε συστῆναι ὅλως δυναμέ νων. ... 'Where is Tоλν@ρúλητоs 'ApeTh, Nature, Fate, Fortune, hollow names of things invented by those dullards the philosophers?... I should like to ask you, Zeus, whether you ever saw Virtue, Nature or Fate?' Arnob. Iv 1 interrogare vos libet ipsosque ante omnia Romanos dominos rerum ac principes, verumne existimetis Pietatem Concordiam Salutem Honorem Virtutem Felicitatem ceteraque huiusmodi nomina, quibus aras videmus a vobis cum magnificis exaedificatas delubris, vim habere divinam caelique in regionibus degere?. Victoria Pax Aequitas quanam ratione qua via intellegi possunt dei esse atque ad superorum concilium pertinere? Aug. civ. D. Iv 14-24. PAX a goddess Elphin in Hes.; she had an altar at Athens since B.C. 449 Plut. Cim. 13. See Pape-Benseler Wörterb. d. gr. Eigennamen. HSt. Pauly Irene. Augustus dedicated an altar to Pax in the Campus Martius Preller 142 FIDES. VICTORIA. VIRTUS. [I 115 116 röm. Myth. 614-5; and Vespasian dedicated to her near the forum a gorgeous temple after his triumph over the Jews Suet. 9. Ios. b. I. vi 5 § 7. Plin. XXXIV § 84. xxxvi § 102 etc. Dio LXVI 15 § 1. Herodian 1 14. Paus. vI 9 § 3. Becker 1 437-442. The name is frequent on coins and inscriptions Rasche lex num. Henzen inscr. ind. FIDES & goddess Ilioris in Theogn. 1137; with a temple at Athens Diogenian. II 80; see Pape-Benseler. The worship of Fides was said to have been introduced by Numa, who founded the temple of Fides publica or populi Romani Varr. 1. 1. v § 74. Becker 1 403. Schwegler 1 547. Preller 224-7. Rasche. Henzen ind. VICTORIA Nikη as an epithet of Athene or as an independent goddess is very frequently named from Hes. and Pind. downwards HSt. Pape-Benseler. In Rome the name continually recurs in temples, on triumphal arches, on inscriptions and coins. Becker 1 346. Rasche. Henzen. Freund. The forces of expiring heathenism gathered about the altar of Victory placed in the curia by Octavianus after the battle of Actium B.C. 29, but Symmachus proved himself no match for St. Ambrose who defended its removal A.D. 382-4 Ambr. ep. 17, 18. Symm. ep. x 61. Prudent. c. Symm. II 23-30. Becker 1 353. Marquardt Iv 138. Lasaulx d. Untergang d. Hellenismus, 1854, 89–98. Preller 208, 360—1, 609, 610. Aug. civ. D. IV 14, 17. VIRTUS 'Αρετή and Ομονοία were daughters of Soter and Praxidike Mnaseas fr. 17 III 152 Müller; 'Aper had a temple at Smyrna Philostr. s. 1 25 § 26, and is addressed in a hymn of Aristotle's DL. v §§ 7, 8. See also [Demosth.] p. 1407 § 21. Ath. 201 d. 211 b. Anth. Pal. Ix 653 and app. 53 1. Virtus with Honor had two temples at Rome, and Virtus alone a third, all dedicated by victorious generals; Virtus had a college of priests, and a day, 29 May, consecrated to her worship Becker 1 405-7. 509-511. Preller röm. Myth. 613-4. Pauly. ind. Plin. Freund. Virtus occurs very often in coins and inscriptions Rasche lex.num. Henzen ind. Varr. 1. 1. v § 73. Sil. v 126. xv 22— 128. Lact. I 20 criticism of the religion of Rome virtus colenda est, non imago virtutis: et colenda non sacrificio aliquo, aut ture aut precatione sollemni, sed voluntate sola atque proposito. Aug. civ. D. rv 20, 21, 24. v 12 § 3. vII 3. doctr. Chr. 11 § 28 neque enim quia Iustitiae Virtutique templa dedicarunt, et quae corde gestanda sunt in lapidibus adorare maluerunt, propterea nobis iustitia virtusque fugienda est. Martian. Cap. $7. 116 SALUTATO CREPITAT CONCORDIA NIDO salutato that is ab ipsa Concordia; so in Quintil. decl. 9 § 11 vix salutatis Laribus [i.e. when I have scarce greeted my Lares] expellor. So Stat. T. vII 708. Storks had their nest in the temple of Concord schol. Io. Sarisb. policr. 1 13 ciconia quoniam avis concordiae est, concordiam invenit aut concordiam facit was misled by this passage; the stork is, Petron. 55 Burm., pietaticultrix the symbol of Pietas not of Concordia. It is not more harsh to ascribe the cry of the stork to Concord, than to ascribe the answers of the Pythia to Phoebus; or the begging of the Jews to the wood which they infest III 16 mendicat silva. Nic. Mohr spicil. annot. ad Iuv. Dorp. 1845 28-30 states from his own knowledge that the stork often builds on the roof of inhabited houses, and first greets its young, and then utters its cry: numquam. . volans crepitat, sed semper in nido suo stans, idque plerumque, ubi paulo ante cum pabulo ad pullos rediit, ergo cibo allato pullos iam optime salutavit. Schol. saturice SALVTATO NIDO non templo. The goddess hails her-nest and clatters. The goddess is identified with the stork, the temple with her nest. Cf. III 231 unius...lacertae. CREPITAT Ov. m. vI 97 ipsa sibi 116-1201 CONCORDIA. TOGA. CALCEUS. DENSISSIMA. 143 plaudat crepitante ciconia rostro. CONCORDIA Opovola occurs in Apollon. Rh. II 718 and schol. Appian Mithr. 23 her temple in Tralles; Chariton III 2 another in Miletus; Paus. v 14 § 9 an altar in Elis. See Pape-Benseler. HSt. The principal temple of Concordia in Rome was at the entrance to the Capitol, overhanging the Forum, built by Camillus, Plut. 42 §§ 4, 7; here in Cicero's time (Phil. II § 19. § 30. Sall. C. 46 § 5), and afterwards the senate often met. It was restored by Tiberius Ov. f. 1 637–648. Suet. Tib. 20. Dio LV 8 § 2. LVI 25 § 1. Becker 1 311-6. Bunsen 1 1 53 seq. 263 seq. For other temples see Becker 1 309, 409, 542. Concordia occurs often on coins and inscriptions Henzen. Rasche. Aug. civ. D. 111 25. Preller 623-5. 117 SUMMUS HONOR the consul 100 n. Senators attended the levées of Seianus Tac. vI 8 libertis quoque ac ianitoribus eius notescere pro magnifico accipiebatur; even consuls Dio LVI 21 § 4. So the provincial senators used to receive one or two denarii at weddings and on other festive occasions Plin. et Trai. ep. 116-117. For honor see 110 and cf. the ceremonial use of grace, honour, majesty, reverence, excellency. 118 SPORTULA 95. Iuv. is alone in representing the rich and noble of both sexes as actually receiving the dole. Mart. speaks only (XII 26) of their going the round of morning visits Friedländer 13 354-5. 119 QUID FACIENT II 65-66 sed quid non facient alii, cum tu multicia sumas? Mart. x 10 1-4 Cum tu, laurigeris annum qui fascibus intras, | mane salutator limina mille teras; hic ego quid faciam? quid nobis, Paulle, relinquis, | qui de plebe Numae densaque turba sumus? | ......11, 12 quid faciet pauper, cui non licet esse clienti? | dimisit nostras purpura vestra togas. COMITES 46. III 284 n. vII 44, 142. vi 127. Cf. HINC from the sportula. Mart. III 30 1-4 sportula nulla datur; gratis conviva recumbis: | dic mihi, quid Romae, Gargiliane, facis? | unde tibi togula est et fuscae pensio cellae? | unde datur quadrans (for a bath)? TOGA.. CALCEUS III 149 n. worn together by the Romans when in full dress. Cic. Verr. v § 86. Phil. 11 § 76, contrasting himself with Antonius, you asked how I returned; in the first place in broad daylight, not in the dark; deinde cum calceis et toga. nullis nec Gallicis nec lacerna'. p. Cael. § 62 togatis hominibus ... calceati et vestiti, where the inconvenience of both is spoken of. Plin. ep. VII 3 cited on in 172. Suet. Aug. 72. Artemid. IV 72. So in Hadrian's time Gell. XIII 22. Tertull. de pall. 5 calceos.. proprium toga e tormentum. ȧurexóνn and vπóôeσis Heind. on Plat. Hipp. mai. § 25 p. 291 a. 120 FUMUS 134 ignis emendus. III 249. Diphilus in Ath. 236 makes a parasite observe not the architecture of the house to which he is invited, but τοῦ μαγείρου τὸν καπνόν. if that rises vertically in a thick column, then he is transported with joy. The ancients had no chimneys vIII 8. Verg. ecl. vII 50. g. 11 242; Beckmann hist. invent. I 295-312 Bohn; and the smoke would fill the garret of the poor I 201 n. App. b. c. Iv 13 kaπvúdels vñwpopías. Apul. m. 1 21 of a miser in cuius hospitio nec fumi nec nidoris nebulam vererer. Clients could not aspire to acapna (Mart. xiv 15) or cocta ligna dig. xxx11 55 § 7. DENSISSIMA LECTICA XIV 144 densa . . oliva. So the poets use the sing. with multus (IV 47. VIII 7) and plurimus (111 232. VIII 58). cf. 64 n. sexta cervice. Lucan VII 486 innumerum. . missile. quotes Ov. (bis), Tibull., Plin. h. n., Mart. Mühlmann innumerus Mart. 1 59-60 1 dat I Baiana mihi quadrantes sportula centum. II17 1 cited on 96. iv 68. 144 CENTUM QUADRANTES. SELLA. FUT, [I 120-126 VI 88 chancing to salute Caecilianus by his name, and not with domine, my freedom cost me c. q. vIII 42. x 70 13. 74 cited on 96. 75 11; sometimes we read of a sportula maior vIII 42. Ix 101 three denarii=12 sesterces. x 27 thirty sesterces as a birthday largess. XII 26 14 twenty sesterces. Lucian de merc. cond. 11 5 obols. The sesterce was worth at this time a little more than 23d. 121 QUADRANTES VI 447. VII 8. Matt. 5 26. Mark 12 42. The smallest copper coin, not coined after Trajan's time (?) Mommsen Gesch. d. röm. Münzwesens 761-2. Gaius I 122. LECTICA 64 n. 123 PETIT ABSENTI uxori sportulam. NOTA IAM CALLIDUS ARTE by this time an adept in the profession which he has mastered. See the lexicons callidus, 124 CLAUSAM 65 n. iv 21 n. SELLAM VI 353. VII 142. properly a chair or sedan, from sedeo, while lectica is a couch. Mart. x 98 11, 12 lectica nec te tuta pelle veloque, | nec vindicabit sella saepius clausa. x 10 7 lecticam sellamve sequar? Suet. Claud. 25. Dom. 2. Sen. brev. vit. 12 §§ 6, 7. const. sap. 14 § 1 quid refert quam habeant [mulierem], quot lecticarios habentem, quam oneratas aures, quam laxam sellam? Nero Suet. 26 before he became reckless, used to be conveyed secretly, clam gestatoria sella delatus, into the theatre, and there to instigate riots. Otho Suet. 6 abditus propere muliebri sella in castra contendit. Vitellius in his fall Suet. 16 abstrusus gestatoria sella betook himself to his family house. Tac. a. XIV 4. h. 1 35. Sella seems however to be used loosely for lectica Suet. Aug. 53. Claudius, says Dio Lx 2 § 3, was the frst Roman to use a sella δίφρῳ καταστέγῳ )( σκιμποδίῳ. Yet Dio himself mentions it earlier XLVII 23 § 3 conveyed him away privately, ὡς καὶ νοσοῦντά τινα ἐς δίφρον κατάστεγον ἐμβαλών. LVI 43 § 2 like a woman.' LVII 15 § 4 Reimar. Tiberius brought L. Scribonius Libo, in a mortal sickness, into the senate-house, in a lectica, such as senators' wives use. 17 §§ 6, 7 (Archelaos carried into the curia in a lectica). The elder Pliny, Plin. ep. 1 5 §§ 15, 16, always went about Rome in a sella, accompanied by a clerk to whom he dictated; and rebuked his nephew for wasting time in walking. Tert. pall. 4 1 941-2 Oehler nunc in semetipsas lenocinando, quo planius adeantur, . . . ipsas quoque iam lecticas et sellas, quis in publico quoque domestice ac secrete habebantur, eieravere. On the materials of sellae see Lampr. Elagab. 4 senatus consulta ridicula de legibus matronalibus, . sella veheretur et utrum pellicia an ossea an eborata an argentata. Marquardt v (2) 329. Becker Gallus 1113 5, 6. Friedländer 13 399. Lips. elect. 1.19. 126 PROFER GALLA CAPUT schol. qui erogat, dicit, and so most; but the husband's effrontery is brought out more forcibly by assigning the words to him, with Jahn, Teuffel etc. Ov. rem, am. 663-6 forte aderam iuveni. dominam lectica tenebat. he stormed and threatened divorce. | iamque vadaturus 'lectica prodeat' inquit. | prodierat. visa coniuge mutus erat. Jerome ep. 22 ad Eustoch. § 32 tells a tale of less successful imposture: in St Peter's at Rome a very noble lady preceded by a crowd of eunuchs, used with her own hand, quo religiosior putaretur, to distribute money to the poor. A ragged old woman ran forward to receive a second dole: ad quam cum ordine pervenisset, pugnus porrigitur pro denario et tanti criminis reus sanguis effunditur. The moral is radix omnium malorum est avaritia. quae QUIESCET III 241-2. for the fut., which is also an Engl. idiom, K. Fr. Hermann compares Ter. Phorm. 801-2 CH. cognatam comperi esse nobis, DE. quid? deliras, CH. sic erit [you will find it |