300 STATUES OF PLEADERS. CONTURBAT. [VII 125–131 Vibius Crispus were honoured. so Maternus ib. 11 aera et imagines, quae etiam me nolente in domum meam irruperunt. cf. Mart. Ix 69 5-6 tam grave percussis incudibus aera resultant, | causi dicum medio cum faber aptat equo. Plin. xxxiv § 17 seq. ' origi nally the statues of great men were set up in the forum. mox forum et in domibus privatis factum atque in atriis; honos clientium instituit sic colere patronos. placuere et nudae [effigies] tenentes hastam. equestres utique statuae Romanam celebrationem habent.' Sen. de ben. v 8 § 2 nemo, quamvis pro se dixerit, adfuisse sibi dicitur nec statuam sibi tamquam patrono suo ponit. ... 126 QUADRIIUGES VIII 3 n. so on the triumphal arch Prud. c. Symm. XII 602-3 of a bull alio si forte remugit | bellatore nemus. 129 SIC by imitating this display of wealth 1 168-89. x1 46–55. PEDO an unknown causidicus. CONTURBAT XIV 94 turbavit. becomes bankrupt, cont. rationes. Cic. ad Att. IV 7 § 2 homini Graeco, qui conturbare quidem putat sibi licere; quod equitibus Romanis. ad Qu. fr. 11 12 § 2. p. Planc. § 68, Mart. 1x 4 5-6 conturbabit Atlas et non erit uncia tota, | decidat tecum qua pater ipse deum. id. vII 27 9-10 noster te non capit ignis, | conturbatoraper: vilius esurio. id. x 96 9. Petron, 38 fin. ne creditores illum conturbare existimarent. ib. 81 postquam conturbavit et libidinis suae solum vertit. Quintil. decl. 273. dig. xv 3 16, MATHO I 32 n. DEFICIT 'fails.' dig. XLIX 14 3 § 8 non aliter fiscum debitorum suorum debitores convenire, nisi principales debitores defecerint. ib. L 4 4 § 1 deficientium facultatibus ad munera .. excusatio non perpetua, sed temporalis est. EXITUS 204. x 159. XI 39. Mühlmann II 1101-2. 130 TONGILII Mart. also speaks of T.'s visit to the bath II 40 uri Tongilius male dicitur hemitritaeo. | novi hominis mores; esurit atque sitit. | subdola tenduntur crassis nunc retia turdis, |. omnes Tongilium medici iussere lavari, o stulti, febrem creditis esse? gula est, RHINOCEROTE III 263 n. cf. XII 4 Gorgone. Mart, xiv 52 gutus corneus gestavit modo fronte me iuvencus, | verum rhinocerota me putabis. ib. 53 rhinoceros. 131 SOLET ET x 122 n. VEXAT LUTULENTA BALNEA TURBA mobs the bath with a crowd of dirty retainers 1 46 n. 100. I 263 n. 284 n. VI 419-420 of a lady balnea nocte subit; conchas et castra moveri nocte iubet; magno gaudet sudare tumultu. Ammian. XXVIII 4 §§ 8-9 non nullos fulgentes sericis indumentis, ut ducendos ad mortem, vel ut sine diritate ominis loquamur, praegresso exercitu arma cogentes, manipulatim concitato fragore sequitur multitudo servorum. tales ubi comitantibus singulos quinquaginta ministris tholos introierint balnearum ubi sunt nostra minaciter clamant. Plut. praec. ger. reip. 31 § 8 ovdaμn δὲ λυπηρὸς οὐδ ̓ ἐνοχλῶν οἰκετῶν πλήθει περὶ λουτρόν. Clients attended their patrons to the bath Mart. III 36 5 seq. lassus ut in thermas decima vel serius hora | te sequar Agrippae, cum laver ipse Titi. On the means by which these pretenders to wealth procured such a retinue cf. id. 11 74 cinctum togatis post et ante Saufeium, | 131-133] BATHS. LITTERS. MURRINA. 301 quanta reduci Regulus solet turba, . Materne, cernis? invidere nolito. | comitatus iste sit precor tuus nunquam. | hos illi amicos et greges togatorum Fusciculenus [a money-lender] praestat et Faventinus. ib. 57 cited 136 n. ... 132 ASSERE III 245. gloss. HSt. p. 21 asseres dokides ws 'Iovßevários. Mart. rx 23 9-10 ut Canusinatus nostro Syrus assere sudet, et mea sit culto sella cliente frequens. the asseres were attached by cords or thongs to the lectica Gracchus in Gell. x 3 § 5 struppis, quibus lectica deligata erat,. verberari iussit. Mart. II 57 6 recensque sella linteis que lorisque. Suet. Cal. 58 ad primum tumultum lecticarii cum asseribus in auxilium accurrerunt. A toy, found in the house of Lucretius at Pompeii, represents a sella arcuata, carried by two bearers Marquardt v 2 330. On the lectica cf. 1 64 n. on the insolence with which this party elbows aside the crowd in the most crowded thoroughfare ib. 37. 159 n. 11 284 n. Hor. ep. 1 6 59 servos | differtum transire forum populumque iubebat. MAEDOS Thracians from the w. bank of the Strymon, from whom the northern district of Macedonia, between the Axius and Strymon, was called Maedica. Markl. cl. Ix 143 reads Moesos with Lips. 133 see a description of one who went about shopping all day long in Mart. Ix 60 in saeptis Mamurra diu multumque vagatus |... inspexit molles pueros oculisque comedit, | non hos, quos primae prostituere_casae, | sed quos arcanae servant tabulata catastae et quos non populus, nec mea turba videt. | .... murrina signavit seposuitque decem. he examined as a keen connoisseur cups of Mentor's work, jewelled gold plate, rare jasper and sardonyx, and leaving off tired at the 11th hour asse duos calices emit et ipse tulit. ARGENTUM MURRINA 176 n. Plin. xxxIII § 154. XXXVII § 12. VI 150. Plin. XXXIII § 5 murrina ex eadem tellure et crystallina effodimus, quibus pretium faceret ipsa fragilitas. ib. XXXVII § 18 they were first brought to Rome by Pompeius B. c. 61 in the booty taken from Mithradates. ib. § 21 Oriens murrina mittit: inveniuntur ibi pluribus locis nec insignibus maxime Parthici regni, praecipua tamen in Carmania. umorem sub terra putant calore densari. amplitudine nunquam parvos excedunt abacos, crassitudine raro quanta dicta sunt potoria etc. ib. § 204. xxxv §§ 158. 163. From these passages and from Paus. VIII 18 § 5 it is plain that the murrina were not of artificial substance. Arr. peripl. mar. Erythr. 48-49 ỏvvxívy λıðía kaì μovрpívŋ exported from Barygara, Baroach on the Nerbudda, in the Bengal presidency. id. 6 speaks of an imitation in glass λιθίας αλῆς πλείονα γένη, καὶ ἄλλης μoppivηs TŶs vivoμévýs év AcoσTóλe, see Müller ad 1. geogr. gr. min. 1 261-2. Genthe a naturalist in the illustr. Familienbuch des Oesterreichischen Lloyd, Triest 1863, 1 12, maintains that murra was a red and white agate, such as is still boiled at Baroach in various baths and then baked in order to bring out the colours. This process is alluded to by Prop. v=IV 5 26 murreaque in Parthis pocula cocta focis. So C. W. King the natural history. . . of precious stones and gems, Lond. 1864, 237–245. e. g. p. 239 fragments of bowls made of agate (but of no other stone) are turned up in abundance in the soil of the ancient capital, and often of a radius that bespeaks the extraordinary circumference of the perfect vessel. Such pieces, if not large enough to be preserved as antiques, are cut up into brooch-stones; and every year furnishes the Roman lapidaries with an inexhaustible supply. Perfect vessels, from the fragility of the substance, are rare, yet a 302 MURRINA. SPONDET. [VII 133-134 comparatively large number are yet in existence. Of these by far the most magnificent example is to be seen amongst the Townley Pastes (Brit. Mus.), a flat shallow dish with two slightly projecting ears angularly out: fully a foot in diameter and most exquisitely polished. The substance itself exactly corresponds to Pliny's description [XXXVII §§ 21 —2], being a reddish purple, diversified with pure milk-white, the colours intermingling in the most intricate patterns. The stone is indeed a China agate.' p. 240 'I have myself remarked all the changes noticed by Pliny, in a large agate trulla, the colours being a partly transparent, partly opaque white, slightly opalescent, spotted with chocolate-brown, all going through the most singular changes as the light is allowed to pass through the sides at different angles. And what strongly supports this view is the fact of so many antique glass bowls and saucers being found, . . . which are very exact imitations of darkly clouded agates: for Pliny xxxvi § 198 expressly mentions among the varieties of coloured glass manufactured in his day, one resembling the murrina.' Plin. XXXVII § 204 rerum autem ipsarum maximum est pretium . . . intra [tellurem nascentium]... murrinis. ib. § 18 a calix holding 3 pints was bought by Annius a consular for 70,000 HS. ob amorem adroso margine eius, ut tamen iniuria illa pretium augeret, neque est hodie murrini alterius praestantior indicatura. § 19 the fragments of a broken murrinum, exhibited tamquam Alexandri Magni corpus. § 20 T. Petronius a consular broke a trulla on the eve of his death that it might not fall into Nero's hands. Nero gave for a capis 1000,000 HS. memoranda res tanti imperatorem patremque patriae bibisse! Sen. de ben. vII 9 § 3 video murrina pocula; parum scilicet luxuria magno fuerit, nisi quod vomant, capacibus gemmis inter se pronuntiaverint. ep. 119 § 3 nature only bids us us to quench thirst: utrum sit aureum poculum an crystallinum an murreum an Tiburtinus calix an manus concava, nihil refert. ib. 123 § 7 omnes iam mulos habent, qui crystallina et murrina et caelata magnorum artificum minu portent. Capitolin. Antonin. philos. 17 § 4 M. Aurelius sold with the imperial plate and wardrobe aurea pocula et crystallina et murrina, to raise funds for the Marcomanic war. id. Ver. 5 § 3 in a lavish feast Verus gave as a present to his guests calices singulis per singulas potiones, murrinos et crystallinos Alexandrinos, quotiens bibitum est. The swinish Elagabalus Lamprid. 32 § 2 in murrinis et onychis minxit. Mart. x 80 plorat Eros, quotiens maculosae pocula murrae | inspicit, aut pueros nobiliusve citrum, | et gemitus imo ducit de pectore, quod non | tota miser coemat saepta feratque domum. XI 70 7-8 si te delectat numerata pecunia, vende argentum, mensas, murrina, rura, domum. XIII 110 1 nec murrina picta nec aurum, for drinking wine. xIV 113. Becker Gallus 113 328-330. Marquardt v 2 349–352. 134 spondet ‘gives security for him,' 'procures him credit.' cf. Quintil. cited v 131 n. Tac. dial. 26 melius est oratorem vel hirta toga induere quam fucatis et meretriciis vestibus insignire, where the metaphorical vestibus might have been applied literally cf. Iuv. 11 40-83. Quintil. xII 10 § 47. Lucian rhet. praec. 16 describes the only necessary stock-in-trade for an orator, credentials recognised by Rhetoric herself as sufficient initiation: σχήματος μὲν τὸ πρῶτον ἐπιμεληθῆναι χρὴ μάλιστα καὶ εὐμόρφου τῆς ἀναβολής. next fifteen, certainly not more than a score, Attic forms of speech атта, áμŋуé ̃ŋ, λŵσтe etc., to sugar the oration. All else is surplusage. ἡ πορφύρα μόνον ἔστω καλὴ καὶ εὐανθής, κἂν σισύρα τῶν παχειῶν τὸ ἱμάτιον ή. ν 131 n. 134-136] TYRIO I 27 n. STLATTARIA. VENDIT. AMETHYSTINA. 303 STLATTARIA Schol. Vall. Probus exponit illecebrosa. Ennius: et melior navis quam quae stlattaria portat. i. multisonalis quae dicitur vulgo batalaria. Bücheler has expelled the word from Petron. 108 stlattarium bellum. Paul. Diac. p. 312 M stlata genus navigii latum magis, quam altum, et a latitudine sic appellatum, sed ea consuetudine, qua stlocum pro locum et stlitem pro litem dicebant. cf. Fest. p. 313 gloss, Labb. stlatta TELрATIKOU σкápovs elôos. O. Müller on Paul. 1. c. proprie tamen latum illud Phoenicum mercatorum navigium, quod yaûλos dicitur, a Romanis stlatam dictum esse putaverim. hinc stlataria purpura, quae stlatis apportatur, genuina Tyriorum merx.' Auson. ep. 22 31 acatis, phaselis, lintribus, stlatis, rate. Gell. x 25 § 5 also has stlattae among names of vessels. On these authorities the lexx. render stlattaria 'sea-borne' (Du Cange, Gesner, Fore., Scheller, Freund), Another explanation more or less agreeing with that of the schol, is given in other glosses p. 81 Valpy épyóuwkos, adulator, ambitiosus, ancillula, stlactarius [1. stlattarius], fuco cf. p. 326. ib. 322 silatarus [1. stlattarius] πλavós. So Grang. Heinr. 'deceitful as the false colours under which a pirate sails.' Voss. etymol. Lobeck Aglaoph. 1318 n. 'stlattarius i. q. lator sive laturarius proprie geronem sive gerulum significasse et hinc ad delicatas (aßpas) et asseeulas translatum videtur, qui quoniam levissimis ministeriis, quae Theophrastus enumerat in Colace, dominos cavillantur (euraiçovoi, Hesych. pyóuwkos) potius quam adiuvant, épyóμwкo dici potuerunt, i. e. officiorum simulatores. hinc, ni fallor, purpura quae vendit causidicum, stlattaria dicitur, quia ad speciem et simulationem opulentiae adhibetur.' 135 EST ILLIS HOC UTILE 96. Ov. a. a. 1 159 fuit utile multis.... composuisse. VENDIT Hor. ep. 11 1 74—5 si versus paullo concinnior unus et alter, | iniuste totum ducit venditque poema. So in English, the binding sells the book. Ioann. Sarisb. policr. vIII 14 p. 7694 Migne Demosthenes antequam virtus eloquii eius innotuisset, cultus operosioris dicitur appetisse nitorem; sciens quia purpura causidicum vendit. at postquam notitiam et famam est consecutus eloquentiae, toga contentus est, dicens se velle sibi a se potius quam a nitore vestium aut cultu exquisito constare gloriam. Petron. (above p. 259 f.) 136 CAUSIDICUM Sen. lud. de morte Cl. 7 § 5 tu scis, quantum illic miseriarum pertulerim, cum causidicos audirem diem et noctem. in quos si incidisses, valde fortis licet tibi videaris, maluisses cloacas Augiae purgare: multo plus ego stercoris exhausi. ib. 12 § 2 36–45. 54-5 o causidici, | venale genus. AMETHYSTINA Mart. 11 57 hic quem videtis gressibus vagis lentum, | amethystinatus media qui secat saepta.. quem grex togatus sequitur et capillatus [Iuv. 131. 142], | recensque sella [ib.]... oppigneravit Claudii modo ad mensam | vix octo nummis anulum, unde cenaret. ib. 1 95 6—7 qui coccinatos non putat viros esse, amethystina sque mulierum vocat vestes. ib. XIV 154. The colour was a variety of purple, and was more highly valued as it more nearly approached to the tint of the Indian amethyst. Plin. xxxvII § 122 indica [amethystus] absolutum felicis purpurae colorem habet; ad hanc tinguentium officinae dirigunt vota. Ix § 139. XXI § 45 luxury boasting of a victory over nature's scents, vestibus quoque provocavit eos flores qui colore commendantur. hos animadverto tris esse principales. ... amethystinum qui a viola et ipse in purpureum [trahitur] quemque ianthinum appellavimus. Plin. gives the proportions in which the two purple fish (bucina and purpurae) were combined. Ix § 135 summa medicaminum in M libras vellerum, bucini ducenae et e pelagio cxI. Nero Suet. 32 ... 304 PARADE BRINGS PLEADERS CUSTOM. [VII 136-143 prohibited both Tyriae and amethystinae vestes. Other gay laenae and lacernae which were worn over or in place of the white toga, were coccineae, caeruleae (Iuv. 11 97), prasinae. Hyacinthinae and ianthinae were the same as amethystinae W. A. Schmidt Forschungen Berl. 1842, 124-7. 137 they find their account in this parade, it brings them into notice: but, on the other hand, it will ruin them at last (129), for there is no limit to the expenses of fashionable life at Rome i 182 n. Plaut. mercat. prol. 22-3 nec pol profecto quisquam sine grandi malo | praequam res patitur, studuit elegantiae. 139 CICERONI etc. 'nec Apelli, nisi alat equos ac currum, sicut Mr. Kneller.' BEVERLAND ms. Mart. 1 38 1-6 quae te causa trahit vel quae fiducia Romam, ! Sexte? quid aut speras aut petis inde? refer. 'causas' inquis agam Cicerone disertior ipso | atque erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro.' ! egit Atestinus causas et Civis (utrumque | noras ;) sed neutri pensio tota fuit. Quintil. x 3 § 142 manus non impleatur anulis, praecipue medios articulos non transeuntibus. Mart. III 29. XI 37 Zoile, quid tota gemmam praecingere libra te iuvat et miserum perdere sardonycha? | anulus iste tuis fuerat modo cruribus aptus. non eadem digitis pondera conveniunt. id. 11 29 and IV 61 cited on 1 27 p. 100. Lucian Timon 20 many who yesterday had not an obol to buy a halter, nor an ass to ride, now drive out sumptuously with a white pair of horses, πορφυροῖ καὶ χρυσόχειρες. see Wetst. on St. James 2 2 seq. Plin. XXXIII § 22 multis hoc modis ut cetera omnia luxuria variavit gemmas addendo exquisiti fulgoris censuque opimo digitos onerando. § 25 alii pondera eorum [of rings] ostentant. 140 ANULUS INGENS I 28 n. 141 SERVI 131 n. SELLA I 32 n. 124 n. TOGATI III 127 n. Tac. dial. 6 qui togatorum comitatus [around advocates] et egressus! Quintil. XII 8 § 3 beneque comitati per forum reducuntur. Sen. ep. 22 § 9 facile est ... оссираtiones evadere, si occupationum pretia contempseris. illa sunt, quae nos morantur et detinent: quid ergo? tam magnas spes relinquam? ab ipsa messe discedam? nudum erit latus? incomitata lectica? atrium vacuum?' ab his ergo inviti homines recedunt et mercedem miseriarum amant, ipsas exsecrantur. Lucian rhet. praec. 21 the orator must have a crowd of friends to applaud his speech; and afterwards πроïóvтa σe δορυφορείτωσαν ἐγκεκαλυμμένον αὐτὸν καὶ περὶ ὧν ἔφης μεταξὺ διαλαμβάνοντα. If any one meets you, blow the trumpet of your own praise loudly. 'What was the Paeanian [Demosthenes] to me?' Philostr. soph. II 3 § 1 Aristokles, so long as he was a peripatetic, was careless in habit and person, but turned fop at Athens when he began to frequent the extempore lectures of Herodes : Εν δ' ἐφιλοσόφει χρόνον αὐχμηρὸς δοκῶν καὶ τραχὺς τὸ εἶδος καὶ δυσπινής, τὴν ἐσθῆτα ἥβρυνε καὶ τὸν αὐχμὸν ἀπετρίψατο, ἡδονάς τε, ὁπόσαι λυρῶν τε καὶ αὐλῶν καὶ εὐφωνίας εἰσί, πάσας ἐσηγάγετο ἐπὶ τὴν δίαιταν. 142 COMITES clients I 119 n. 143 ANTE PEDES Mart. II 18 5 sum comes ipse tuus tumidique anteambulo regis. id. III 72 2. x 74 1 seq. iam parce lasso, Roma, gratulatori, lasso clienti. quamdiu salutator | anteambulones et togatulos inter | centum merebor plumbeos die toto? id. 1x 101 e. g. 3 haerere tuo lateri, praecedere sellam. display of wealth brings practice. IDEO because the CONDUCTA VI 352-3 ut spectet ludos conducit Ogulnia vestem, conducit comites, sellam, cervical, amicas. Theokr. 11 74. It is a characteristic of the aveλeú¤epos |