420

SUCIDA LANA.

RIOTOUS CAROUSE

▼ 24(the rest on ver, 60). Luc. merc. cond. 26 f. (cited 34). Mart. x 49 cum potes amethystinos trientes | et nigro madeas Opimiano, | propinas modo conditum Sabinum | et dicis mihi_ Cotta 'vis in auro?' | quisquam plumbea vina vult in auro? See Plut. qu. conviv. I 10. In the Anacreontea 14 Bergk (=9) 28 29 the dove shares her master's cup, with a sidelong o si sic omnes! πιεῖν δέ μοι δίδωσιν | τὸν οἶνον, ὃν προπίνει, where Barnes cites Esther 1 7.

y 24 25 VINUM, QUOD SUCIDA NOLIT LANA PATI Mart. XI 27 78 a mistress of moderate demands aut cum perfricuit frontem posuitque pudorem, sucida palliolo vellera quinque petit. Calpurn. ecl. 5 67. dig. xxxii 70 § 4 sucida lana )( lota. Cf. Paul. sent. III 6 § 82. gloss. Eptov olovanov, ǎπλvrov, lana sucida. The sweat and filth clinging to wool (oloπrn, olovπos, oloúrη, oesypum) needed to be scoured out (putare is the technical term). Wine used for the purpose also in Varro r. r. I 11 § 7 tonsas recentes [lanas] eodem die perungunt vino et oleo, non nemo admixta cera alba et adipe suillo. More in Blümner Technologie (as cited on vii 135) I 100-2. 'vocatur a Gallis laine surge; laine, qui a le suin' GRANG. Use of unscoured wool in medicine ind. Plin. and Galen ‘lana.' Paul. Aegin. III 113 Adams, Orib. v 612. vr 469 D. In Hor, also (s. II 8 40 41) imi | convivae lecti nihilum nocuere lagonis.

25 CORYBANTA See HSt. under the whole group of words beginning Kopuß-, esp. Strabo 466-474, where he states his opinion about mythology (καίπερ ἥκιστα φιλομυθοῦντες p. 474) 473 τῶν δὲ Κορυβάντων ὀρχηστικῶν καὶ ἐνθουσιαστικῶν ὄντων, καὶ τοὺς μανικῶς κινουμένους κορυβαντιᾶν φαμέν. Lucian deor. d. 12 § 1 where they gash themselves like the dervishes.

26 IURGIA PROLUDUNT Stanley cites Luc. amor. 10 àμaxía. Aesch. Αg. 35 φροίμιον χορεύσομαι.

27 MAPPA Marquardt Privatleben 304, 469. Rich companion. Hence our 'map,' 'napery,' 'napkin.'

28 29 see the fight with jars and candlesticks and spits and forks and dogs in Petron. 95. Plin. xiv § 147 Tergilla Ciceronem M. F. binos congios simul haurire solitum ipsi obicit, Marcoque Agrippae a temulento scyphum inpactum, etenim haec sunt ebrietatis opera. Heliod. 1 1 a feast turned into a battlefield, tables, cups, axes, torches, shells from the shore, torches, serving as weapons: трáжεja........πρÒS Tŷ YO τῶν κειμένων ἐν χερσὶν ἀνθ ̓ ὅπλων ἐνίοις παρὰ τὴν μάχην γεγενημέναι (ὁ γὰρ πόλεμος ἐσχεδίαστο)......κρατῆρες ἀνατετραμμένοι καὶ χειρῶν ἔνιοι τῶν ἐσχηκότων ὑπορρέοντες, τῶν μὲν πιόντων, τῶν δ ̓ ἀντὶ λίθων κεχρημένων. τὸ γὰρ αἰφνίδιον τοῦ κακοῦ τὰς χρείας καινοτόμει καὶ βέλεσι κεχρῆσθαι τοῖς ἐκπώμασιν ἐδίδασκεν. Plut. qu. conv. II 10 2 § 3 fighting and hustling for the larger share, railing at the waiters and at the host. [Philo] vit. contempl. 5 (11 477-8 M). Hier. in ep. Tit. 1 7 (VII 700a ed. Ven.) videas alios pocula in tela vertentes scyphum in faciem iacere convivae. O. Jahn in Berichte d. K. S. Gesellsch. (1857) 197 seq. 29 PUGNA COMMISSA Ov. m. XII 68 Burm. commissaque proelia. id. Ibis 45. Nep. Hannib. 11 § 3 proelium statim committere.

99

LAGONA on the orthography see Gudius on Phaedr. 1 26 8 (Vol. II pp. 39, 40 Burman), Schuchardt 11 278-280, Corssen Aussprache n2 74. 30 DIFFUSUM CONSULE Mart. VIII 45 in honour of the return of Teren. tius Priscus ver. 3 4 6 defluat et lento splendescat turbida lino | amphora centeno consule facta minor |...tam iusto dabitur quando calere mero. Marquardt Privatleben 445-447 vinum doliare is new wine, drunk out of the earthen dolium; if to be kept, it was drawn off (bottled, dissundebatur) into amphorae. These had a brand (nota) either on a

-37:

OLD WINE.

THRASEA.

421

ticket (pittacium) or on the amphora itself. Many amphorae have been found, as at Pompeii (CIL Iv p. 172 seq. ephem. epigr. 1 160 seq.), at the quarters of the castra praetoria discovered in 1878 (Dressel in bulletino communale 1879). The inscription is either scratched on the jar, or written with ink or charcoal, or laid on with a brush in black, red, or white. Marquardt counts 43 dated amphorae, ranging from 107 B.c. (CIL VIII 10477 1) to 255 A.D., e.g. (Lanciani bullett. munic. 1874 p. 10), TI CLAVDIO • P • QVINCTILIO COS (A.U.C. 741=B.C. 13)

A. D. XIII. K. IVN VINVM

DIFFVSVM QVOD NATVM. EST

DVOBVS. LENTVLIS⋅ cos (736=18)

AVTOCR.

The last line is probably the wine-merchant Autocrates. Galen (xiv 25 K) went through the imperial cellars of Falernian at Rome, reading the age written on the jars (τὴν ἡλικίαν ἀναγιγνώσκων ἐπιγεγραμμένην τοῖς Kepaμious), tasting all that were more than 20 years old, till he came to such as had no bitter tang. Plaut. Poen. 835-8 bibitur, estur, quasi in popina, non secus. | ibi tu videas litteratas fictiles epistulas, | pice signatas: nomina insunt cubitum longis litteris. | ita vinariorum habemus nostrae dilectum domi. Stat. s. IV 6 7 vinaque perpetuis aevo certantia fastis. Cic. Brut. § 287 ut si quis Falerno vino delectetur, sed eo nec ita novo ut proximis consulibus natum velit, nec rursus ita vetere ut Opimium [L. Opimius cos. B. C. 121] aut Anicium [L. Anicius Gallus cos. B.c. 160] consulem quaerat—atqui hae notae sunt optumae, credo, sed nimia vetustas nec habet eam quam quaerimus suavitatem nec est iam sane tolerabilis§ 288 num igitur qui hoc sentiat, si is potare velit, de dolio sibi hauriendum putet? minume; sed quandam sequitur aetatem.

V 33 ALBANIS Galen vi 275 K. Stat. s. Iv 8 39 Albano que cadum sordentem promere fumo.

34 PATRIAM IV 129 rhombi. xi 161 vini.

SENECTUS Luc. merc. cond. 26 f. rŵv ä\\wv ydlotbv te kal παλαιότατον οἶνον πινόντων μόνος σὺ πονηρόν τινα καὶ παχὺν πίνεις, θεραπεύων ἀεὶ ἐν ἀργύρῳ ἢ χρυσῷ πίνειν, ὡς μὴ ἐλεγχθείης ἀπὸ τοῦ χρώματος οὕτως ἄτιμος ὢν ξυμπότης. καὶ εἴθε γε κἂν ἐκείνου ἐς κόρον ἦν πιεῖν, νῦν δὲ πολλάκις αἰτήσαντος ὁ παῖς οὐδ ̓ ἀΐοντι ἔοικεν.

35 FULIGINE Marquardt Privatleben 442 cites for the practice of mellowing the wine in smoke-chambers Colum. 1 6 § 20. Pallad. xı 14 § 8. Plin. XIV § 68. xxIII § 40 vinum fumo inveteratum insaluberrimum. mangones ista in apothecis excogitavere. Galen x1 663 K. xiv 17, 19. Wine-skins smoked psalm 119 83. Aristot. meteor. Iv 10 p. 388 b 6.

36 CORONATI Ov. am. 1 6 38. 67. Hor. s. II 3 254-7 mutatus Polemo, among other insignia morbi, is said ex collo furtim carpsisse coronas. Plut. qu. conv. 1 2 2 § 5.

THRASEA ind. Plin. ep. ш 16 § 2 n. p. 217. § 10 n. p. 250. Plut. praec. ger. reip. 14 § 10 p. 810 Nero, a little before he slew Thrasea,— though he hated and feared him exceedingly, still, when someone complained of being wrongly and unjustly sentenced by him-replied, "I would I were as certain that Thrasea loves me, as I am that he is the best of judges.' Jahn's Persius XXXVIII-XLII. Zeller 3 (1) 689. Teuffel Gesch. d. röm. Lit.4 § 299 7. Friedländer 15 618-9. Boissier l'opposition sous les Césars (1875) 105-108.

HELVIDIUS Teuffel § 299 11. Plin. ep. 11 § 3 n. p. 184. 16 § 2 n. p. 217. 37 BRUTORUM ET CASSI NATALIBUS Tac. XVI 22 cited on 36. ind. tyrannicide, Brutus. Plin. ep. 116 § 2 est omnino Capitoni in usu claros viros colere

422

BRUTORUM ET CASSI NATALES.

V 37

§3 mirum est qua religione, quo studio imagines Brutorum, Cassiorum, Catonum domi, ubi potest, habeat. Suet. Otho 10 pr. my father used to say that Otho when a private citizen so abhorred civil war, ut memorante quodam inter epulas de Bruti Cassique exitu cohorruerit. Athenians decreed statues of B. and C. near those of Harmodios and Aristogeiton DCass. XLVII 20 § 4. Zonar. x 18 (1 503b). cf. Bursian Geogr. Griechenl. 1 285-6.

B.C. 44 the

V 37 CASSI Tac. XVI 7 Nero objected to Gaius Cassius, quod inter imagines maiorum etiam C. Cassii effigiem coluisset.

NATALIBUS ind. natalis. x1 84 n. x 1 n. Cic. Phil. 2 § 15 1. 9 n. Plutarch and his friends kept the birthdays of Sokrates and Plato (quaest. conv. vIII 1 1 §§ 1 2. 2 §§ 1-3). Birthdays of Homer and Demosthenes (Luc. Demosth. enc. 1 2). Wilmanns ind. pp. 694-5. Porphyr. v. Plotin. 2 f. Plotinus concealed the month and day of his birth, éπel ovdè Oveш î ἑστιᾶν τινα τοῖς αὐτοῦ γενεθλίοις ἠξίου, though he himself sacrificed and entertained his friends on the birthdays of Plato and Sokrates, when the abler guests were required to read an address before the company. Porphyry himself (c. 15 pr.) on one IIλarvela read a poem 'sacred marriage'; one of the audience exclaiming, because of its mystical enthusiasm, that 'Porphyry has gone mad,' Plotinus endorsed the criticism as the highest praise, denoting at once the poet and philosopher and hierophant. Hertzberg Gesch. Griechenl. III 91-2. Wetstein on Matt. 14 6. Hermann gottesd. Alterth. § 48 6. Hermann-Blümner Privatalterth. pp. 285-6.501. Marquardt Privatleben 244-5. Pauly Realencycl. v 422-3. The church kept the natales imperatorum (our 'accession' Godefroy on cod. Theod. I 8 2. Bingham xx 1 4); natales martyrum (our 'saints' days,' Bingham xx 7), on the days of their passion: we have several carmina natalicia for St Felix in the works of Paulinus, and addresses on these days in the works of most of the principal fathers.

38 HELIADUM Ov. m. x 259 260 262 263 grata puellis | munera... ab arbore lapsas | Heliadum lacrimas. On amber see H. Blümner Technologie (as cited vi 135) II 381-8. Thudichum's Sophokles (1827) I 352. BERULLO II 61 cylindros. C. W. King the natural history of gems (1867) 50-56. In low Latin 'a magnifying glass,' whence the Germ. Brille,' a pair of spectacles.

39 AURUM x 27 n. Sen. ep. 94 § 70 quis posuit secretam in auro dapem? A.D. 16 the senate decreed (Tac. an. 11 33) ne vasa auro solida ministrandis cibis fierent. Trajan had a freedman in charge of his gold plate (Orelli inscr. 2897 ab auro escario praeposito). Friedländer 15 150.

41 GEMMAS Sen. prov. (cited 50 n.). Cic. Verr. Iv § 62 Antiochus exhibits vas vinarium, ex una gemma pergrandi trulla excavata manubrio aureo. Marquardt Privatleben 686, 742-6. Mart. xr 11 5 te potare decet gemma. Sil. XIII 355. xiv 662. Apul. met. 11 19 gemmas for. matas in pocula. Grat. cyneg. 313 dum servata cavis potant Mareotica gemmis. paneg. 12 c. 14 nisi aestivam in gemmis capacibus glaciem Falerna fregissent. Hier. ep. 30 13 habeant sibi ceteri, si velint, suas opes, gemma bibant, serico niteant. vita Pauli 17 vos gemma bibitis, ille naturae concavis manibus satisfecit. Plin. xXXVII § 14 vasa ex auro et gemmis abacorum novem. Ov. m. vIII 572-3 dapibusque remotis | in gemma posuere merum. Luc. x 159 160 gemmaeque capaces | excepere merum. Sen. ben. (cited on vII 133). Plut. Lucull. 40 § 1 the daily dinners of Lucullus were νεόπλουτα among other things διαλίθοις ἐκπώμασι. Plut. I 201 Scipio the younger rebuked a tribune who carried about UкTĥpas danilovs. Capitolin. Ver. 5 § 3 gifts to guests aurea pocula et gemmata.

-53

JEWELLED CUPS. DECOCTA.

423

PRAECLARA ILLIC LAUDATUR IASPIS

V 42 DA VENIAM Stat. s. III 1 162. for constr. see ind. laudo. Holden and Allen on Cic. off. I § 25. IASPIS anth. Pal. rx 750 (εἰς βόας ἐν δακτυλίῳ) τὰς βοῦς καὶ τὸν ἴασπιν ἰδὼν περὶ χειρὶ δοκήσεις | τὰς μὲν ἀναπνείειν, τὰς δὲ χλοηκομέειν. Theophr. lap. § 35 the emerald and jasper are found also in Cyprus. οἷς δὲ εἰς τὰ λιθοκόλ λητα χρώνται ἐκ τῆς Βακτριανῆς εἰσὶ πρὸς τῇ ἐρήμῳ.

,, 43 Plin. XXXVII § 17 quin immo etiam ius videmur perdidisse corripiendi gemmata potoria.

44 A DIGITIS Plin. II § 158 gemmas etiam et quosdam parvulos quaerimus lapides scrobibus in profundum actis. viscera eius [terrae] extrahimus. ut digito gestetur, gemma petitur. quot manus atteruntur, ut unus niteat articulus! si ulli essent inferi, iam profecto illos avaritiae atque luxuriae cuniculi refodissent! ad Herenn. Iv § 63 of the pretender to wealth cum sinistra mentum sublevat, existimat se gemmae nitore et auri splendore aspectus omnium praestringere.

VAGINAE Curt. I 3 § 18 acinacem,...cui ex gemma vagina erat. Sen. ep. 76 § 14 gladium bonum dices non cui auratus est balteus nec cuius vagina gemmis distinguitur. Tert. res. carn. 7 med. perfectae ferruginis gladiis vaginarum adaeques dignitatem.

50 DECOCTA 63 n. ind. decocta. Xen. mem. I 1 § 30 Virtue says to Vice ἵνα δὲ ἡδέως πίνῃς, οἴνους τε πολυτελεῖς παρασκευάζει καὶ τοῦ θέρους χιόνα TερLOÉοvσα SηTeîs. pan. 12 (cited on 41). pan. 11 c. 11 aestivae nives. Plut. de cohib. ira 13 p. 461 χιόνος δὲ μὴ παρούσης οὐκ ἂν πιών. quaest. conv. vI 6 (why snow is kept in warm things, chaff and cloth). esp. Ath. 121-125d (the word dýkoкта 121, 122 is attacked as a barbarism). Sidon. ep. 11 2 (II 1 p. 214 Baret, cf. Savaro's notes p. 117) iam si tibi ex illo conclamatissimo fontium decocta referatur, videbis in calicibus repente perfusis nivalium maculas et frusta nebularum cet. The physicians had the discretion to forbid iced drinks to their patients Plut. II 123 124. Mart. vI 86. Sen. ep. (cited). Galen vi 813-4 cl. xix 689-690 K. x 5 free livers resort not to the best physicians, but to those who flatter them, οἱ καὶ ψυχρὸν δώσουσιν, ἣν αἰτηθῶσι, καὶ λούσουσιν, ἣν κελευσθώσιν, καὶ χιόνα καὶ οἶνον ὀρέξουσι καὶ πᾶν ὑπηρετήσουσι τὸ προσταττόμενον ὥσπερ avôpároda. Plin. xix § 55. A full account in Daremberg's Oribas. 1 623— 7, with the literature. Beckmann hist. inventions II 149-60 Bohn (process of refrigeration). In certain cases Galen (x 467) ordered not only fresh spring water, but also τὸ διὰ χιόνος ἐψυγμένον, ὡς ἐν Ρώμῃ σκευάζειν ἔθος ἔχουσι, προθερμαίνοντες τὴν κατασκευὴν ἣν αὐτοὶ προσαγορεύουσι δή κοκταν. Hermann-Blümner Griech. Privatalterthümer" (1882) 233-4. Pacat. 14 pr. The Italians to this day take acqua gelata with their coffee after dinner' (W. E. Weber). The sale of half-penny ices in E. and S. London is in the hands of Italians.

99

51 24 n. 37 n. 67 n. Mart. x 28 poto ego sextantes, tu potas, Cinna deunces. | et quereris quod non, Cinna, bibamus idem? Alkiphr. ep. 1 20 § 1 'we have been shamefully used: to the others ov@ap κal μîтρaι καὶ ἦπαρ δρόσῳ προσεοικὸς παρέκειτο, ἡμῖν δὲ ἔτνος ἦν τὸ βρῶμα· καὶ οἱ μὲν Χαλυβώνιον ἔπινον, ἐκτροπίαν δὲ ἡμεῖς καὶ ὀξίνην.

52 CURSOR Sen. de ira III 29 § 1 si ex otio piger equum vehiculumque domini cursu non exaequat. Tac. h. 11 40 f. aderat sane citus equo Numida cum atrocioribus mandatis. Mart. x 13 2. Friedländer cites Galen xrx 4 Κ δοῦλος δ ̓ ἦν οὗτος τῶν παρατρεχόντων ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς τῷ δεσπότη.

53 NIGRI MANUS OSSEA MAURI it is the mark of the man of petty ambition' (uкpopiλoriμía) Theophr. char. 21 (7 Jebb) to be careful that

424

BLACKAMOORS.

CUPBEARERS.

CALIDA. V 53

his attendant shall be an Aethiopian. Casaubon (pp. 151-2 Needham, citing also Ath. 148. Luc. merc. cond. 10. Alkiphr. ep. I 2 § 5) compares ad Herenn. Iv § 63 si velis non divitem, sed ostentatorem pecuniae gloriosum describere, you should make him whisper into his slave's ear, ut...ab avunculo rogetur Aethiops, qui ad balneas veniat. A blackamoor lackey on a Greek vase 'quod edidi in Actis Soc. Reg. Scient, Dan. III 1 (1866), aliisque monumentis, quae ibi afferuntur p. 204' (Ussing). Hor. s. i 8 14 fuscus Hydaspes. Ath. 148 Kleopatra gave to all her guests at an entertainment λαμπτηροφόρους παῖδας Αἰθίοπας.

V 54 CUI PER MEDIAM NOLIS OCCURRERE NOCTEM VI 599-601 esses | Aethiopis fortasse pater; mox decolor heres | impleret tabulas numquam tibi mane videndus. Sen. cons. Marc. 3 § 3 (cl. Madvig adv. 11 345— 6) triste matribus omen occurres. Spartian. Sev. 22 § 4 volvens animo, quid ominis sibi occurreret, Aethiops quidam...cum corona e cupressu jacta eidem occurrit. § 5 quem cum ille iratus removeri ab oculis praecepisset, et coloris eius tactus omine et coronae. Obseq. 70 f.

56 x 147 seq. n. There is a long and graphic description of these pages and of the luxury of the Roman table generally in [Philo] vit. contempl. 6 (1 479 M). [Luc.] amor. 10 pr. the Athenian evμóppos maioiv ἐξήσκητο, καὶ πᾶς οἰκέτης αὐτῷ σχεδὸν ἀγένειος ἦν μέχρι τοῦ πρῶτον ὑπογραφέντος αὐτοῖς χνοῦ παραμένοντες, ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἰούλοις αἱ παρειαὶ πυκασθῶσιν, οἰκονόμοι καὶ τῶν ̓Αθήνησι χωρίων κηδεμόνες ἀπεστέλλοντο. Philostr. Ap. VIII 7 § 42 the barbarians of Pontus, Lydia, Phrygia, do not think slavery a disgrace: the Phrygians sell their own children: the Greeks still love freedom, whence no kidnappers or dealers have access to them (ovd' ἀνδραποδισταῖς οὔτ ̓ ἀνδραπόδων καπήλοις ἐς αὐτοὺς παριτητέα). Chrysostom hom, 1 in Col. p. 327° seq. contrasts a feast to the poor, according to Christian etiquette (Luke 14 12 13) with a feast to the rich: plain glass for the one, gold and silver for the other; for the one many servants, as richly clad as the guests, ἐνδεδυμένοι λαμπρῶς καὶ ἀναξυρίδας ἔχοντες, καλοὶ μὲν ἰδεῖν αὐτὸ τῆς ἡλικίας τὸ ἄνθος, σφριγῶντες καὶ εὐσωματοῦντες: for the other two servants only, who have trampled on all this pride. Heinrich cites Walch 'pocillator Phrygius' in acta soc. lat, Ien. I 123 seq.

PRETIO MAIORE PARATUS IV 25 26 n. Piut. Cat. mai. 4 § 5 Cato never gave more than 1500 drachmae (denarii) for a slave, ws av où τρυφερῶν οὐδ ̓ ὡραίων, ἀλλ ̓ ἐργατικών καὶ στερεῶν, οἷον ἱπποκόμων καὶ Bonλατwv, deóμevos. Polyb. xxxi 24 § 2 Cato complaining of those who brought foreign luxury into Rome, buying handsome striplings úπepßaλλovσns ȧyрwи Tiμns. Wallon hist. de l'esclav. In 165. In his censorship, B.C. 184 (Liv. XXXIX 44 § 3), Cato ordered that all slaves under 20 years of age, who had been sold since the last census for more than 10,000 asses, should be valued for purposes of taxation at ten times their cost.

58 NE TE TENEAM Cic. Verr. 1 § 34 ne diutius teneam. so p. SRosc. § 20. Sen. ep. 124 § 20 sed ne te diu teneam.

60 Lucian cited on 34.

62 DIGNA SUPERCILIO Hor. ep. I 18 94 Obbar deme supercilio nubem. priap. 1 2 conveniens Latio pone supercilium.

99

63 CALIDAE Ath. 123. CALIDAE GELIDAEQUE Becker Gallus 3 312. Tac. XIII 16 illic (at Nero's table) epulante Britannico, quia cibos potusque eius delectus ex ministris gustu explorabat, ne omitteretur institutum aut utriusque morte proderetur scelus, talis dolus repertus est. innoxia adhuc et praecalida et libata gustu potio traditur Britannico; dein, postquam fervore aspernabatur, frigida in aqua adfunditur venenum. ellipsis of aqua see Plin. ep. ш 5 § 11 n.

On the