11. Give a short analysis of the parties to the distribution of wealth.

12. Explain the function of competition in industrial societies.

JURISPRUDENCE.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Contrast the methods of Analytical and Historical Jurisprudence, and illustrate your remarks by reference to Property and the State.

2. Explain and give an example of—

(a) An absolute duty.

(b) A particular duty.

(c) The object of a legal command.

(d) An obligation other than one arising from

contract.

(e) A franchise.

3. Explain and illustrate the nature of the duty of Diligence.

4. Explain and illustrate the use in Jurisprudence of the terms-Person: Thing: Act: Forbearance.

5. Define Attempt, and state, with your reasons, which, if any, of the following cases constitute an attempt by A to commit an offence :

(a) A, mistaking a log for B, and intending to

murder B, strikes the log of wood with an

axe.

(b) A, intending to set fire to B's stack, lights a match for that purpose, but, perceiving he is observed, blows out the match and runs away.

(c) A, moved by ill-feeling towards B, purchases a box of matches with intent to set fire to B's stack.

6. Explain and illustrate the nature of a Warranty.

7. Comment upon the following expressions:(a) Doing an act at one's peril.

(b) Doing an act against one's will.

(c) Taking the will for the deed.

8. Explain the difference between a mortgage, a pledge, and a charge.

9. Explain the nature of each of the following rights :

(a) The right of the insured under a contract of indemnity.

(b) The right of a legatee to a legacy.

(c) A right of way.

(d) The right of the holder of a bill of lading.

(e) The right to personal security.

10. Explain the meaning and history of the Jus Publicum and the Jus Privatum.

11. Show how individual property and personal liberty arose from the disintegration of the Household.

F

12. What is the answer to the attack of Bentham upon "Judge-made Law"?

ROMAN LAW.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Translate, with explanatory notes:

(a) "Certe illud constat, si in possessione constituto aedificatore soli dominus petat domum suam esse nec solvat pretium materiae et mercedes fabrorum, posse eum per exceptionem doli mali repelli, utique si bonae fidei possessor fuit, qui aedificasset: nam scienti, alienum esse solum, potest culpa obici, quod temere aedificaverit in eo solo, quod intellegeret alienum esse."-Inst. II. 1, 30.

(b) "Creditor quoque, qui pignus accepit, re obligatur, qui et ipse de ea ipsa re, quam accepit, restituenda tenetur actione pigneraticia. Sed quia pignus utriusque gratia datur, et debitoris, quo magis ei pecunia crederetur, et creditoris, quo magis ei in tuto sit creditum, placuit sufficere, quod ad eam rem custodiendam, exactam diligentiam adhibere: quam si praestiterit et aliquo fortuito casu rem amiserit, securum esse nec impediri creditum petere.”—Inst. III. 14, 4.

2. Write short notes upon

(a) "Sed et si is, qui vendidit fidem emptoris secutus fuerit, dicendum est, statim rem emptoris fieri."-II. 1, 41.

(b) "Nemo enim potest servitutem adquirere urbani vel rustici praedii, nisi qui habet praedium, nec quisquam debere, nisi qui habet praedium."-II. 3, 3.

(c) "Ne tamen in universum inutiles essent proprietates semper abscedente usufructu, placuit, certis modis extingui usufructum et ad proprietatem reverti."-IÏ. 4, 1.

(d) "Quidquid enim sine dolo et culpa venditoris accidit, in eo venditor securus est."-III. 23, 3.

3. What were the requisites of a marriage that gave the husband the patria potestas over his wife, and how did the father obtain the patria potestas over children not liberi legitimi?

4. How are things in nostro patrimonio acquired? Distinguish between the modes under the jus naturale and those under the jus civile.

5. (a) Into what classes were personal servitudes divided?

(b) Distinguish between servitutes praediorum urbanorum and rusticorum. Give an example of each.

6. What distinction does Justinian draw between locatio operis and sale?

7. Explain briefly Contractus innominati; dies cedit; collatio bonorum; furtum; dos.

8. What was the law of succession ab intestato as settled by the Twelve Tables and as settled in the time of Justinian?

9. What were the various modes of acquisition per universitatem?

10. Describe the old form of mancipatio. What was the legal position of a purchaser who had acquired a res mancipi by any other method than mancipatio or in jure cessio?

11. State shortly the origin and history of the Jus Gentium.

12. Maine says "The primitive history of [Roman] criminal law divides itself into four stages.' Explain this statement.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Describe the four Councils of the King as given by Lord Coke.

2. Explain the maxim "The King can do no wrong."

3. By what constitutional Rules is the King guided in the selection, the retention, and in the dismissal of his Responsible Ministers?

4. What is the provision in the Bill of Rights in reference to the King's assumed power of suspending or dispensing with Statutes?

5. What is meant by "the indemnity of the Lords