Examinations Papers

7. Write lives of Rousseau and Victor Hugo, enumerating their principal works, and estimating the importance of each in literature.

8. Translate into French

It is matter of doubt and dispute whether our social and moral advance towards happiness and virtue has any relation to the advances made by physical science and its industrial applications, and the negative side of the argument is asserted by two philosophic critics of the tendencies of the age. "How painful is the conclusion," writes Bagehot," that it is dubious whether all the machines and inventions of mankind have yet lightened the day's labour of a human being. They have enabled more people to exist, but these people work just as hard and are just as mean and miserable as the elder and fewer." A writer of a very different type, the late Matthew Arnold, indulges in a similar criticism. "Your middle-class man thinks it the highest pitch of development and civilization when his letters are carried twelve times a day from Islington to Camberwell and from Camberwell to Islington, and if railway trains run to and fro between them every quarter of an hour. He thinks it nothing that the trains only carry him from a dismal, illiberal life at Islington to a dismal, illiberal life at Camberwell, and that the letters only tell him that such is the life there."

COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY.

The Board of Examiners.

N.B.-Not more than THREE questions to be answered on EACH part of the paper.

1. Distinguish between "morphological" and " genealogical" classification of languages. Discuss the question whether Indo-European once had a "radical" stage.

2. Give in the form of Schleicher's tree the subdivisions of the I.-E. Ursprache, and state how far back and through what media we know the history of each. Criticise Schleicher's arrange

ment, and substitute one which is more sound.

3. Name and illustrate the phenomena which may appear in the history of palatal and velar gutturals. Why has the theory of pure gutturals been abandoned?

4. State clearly all the considerations which must be taken into account in comparing the words of different languages for etymological purposes. Give instances to explain your remarks.

5. Write down the usual bare form of Grimm's law. Emend it. Illustrate it as emended. State precisely in what sense the term "law" is ap

1. Trace (with one or two examples) the development of I.-E. e, i (vowel and consonant), eu, in as many branches as you are acquainted with."

2. Give the history of original s and v in Latin and Greek.

3. Name (with examples) all the origins of Latin h, e, u, b, and of Greek 0, 4, ε, ap.

4. Account (giving the rule) for the correspondence of the vowels in the root part of

θετός, conditus : τίθημι, facere: ἄλλομαι, insilio, insulto: Kapdía, cordis :

and of the consonants in Oeivw, póvos: quinque, πέντε, five: κρείσσων, κράτιστος : σύ, tu.

5. Compare fully, illustrating and accounting for every change you assume

πаρ, iecur: ĥdúç, suavis: eiŋv, sim: lis, Germ. Streit : ἀστήρ, stella : μία, εἷς, ἅπαξ: εἴκοσι, viginti.

LOWER MATHEMATICS.

Professor Nanson.

Candidates must answer satisfactorily in each of the three divisions of this paper.

I.-1. Find the locus of a point at a given distance from a given straight line.

Find the points which are at a given distance from a given straight line, and are also at a second given distance from a given point.

2. Draw a common tangent to two given circles. If the circles touch externally how many common tangents can be drawn?

3. If a chord of a circle is divided into two segments by a point in the chord or in the chord produced, the rectangle contained by these segments is equal to the difference of the squares on the radius and on the line joining the given point with the centre of the circle.

If C be any point in the line AB produced, the tangents from C to all circles through A and B are equal to one another.

4. If two triangles have their angles respectively equal they are similar, and those sides which are opposite to the equal angles are homologous.

If two triangles have one angle of the one equal to one angle of the other, and a second angle of the one supplementary to a second angle of the other, then the sides about the third angles are proportional.

II.-1. Shew that, in the process of finding the highest common divisor of two expressions, any factor which is not a common divisor of the two expressions may be rejected.

Find the highest common divisor of