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WEEKLY OUTLINE
OUTLINE STUDY OF

CURRENT HISTORY

BY J. MADISON GATHANY, A.M.

HOPE STREET HIGH SCHOOL, PROVIDENCE, R. I.

Based on The Outlook of September 18, 1918

Each week an Outline Study of Current History based on the preceding number of The Outlook will be printed for the benefit of current events classes, debating clubs, teachers of history and of English, and the like, and for use in the home and by such individual readers as may desire suggestions in the serious study of current history.-THE EDITORS.

[Those who are using the weekly outline should not attempt to cover the whole of an outline in any one lesson or study. Assign for one lesson selected questions, one or two propositions for discussion, and only such words as are found in the material assigned. Or distribute selected questions among different members of the class or group and have them report their findings to all when assembled. Then have all discuss the questions together.]

I-INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

A. Topic: Bolshevism and Applied Anti-
Bolshevism.

Reference: Pages 92, 93.
Questions:

1. Who are the Bolsheviki? State and discuss some of their beliefs. 2. Mr. Roosevelt believes America has its Bolsheviki. Who are they? What would he have done to them? By what authority and in what manner would Mr. Roosevelt deal with these Bolsheviki? Tell why, in your opinion, he is or is not too severe. 3. Explain clearly the meaning of profiteers, exploiting capitalists, and "direct action

men.

Give illustrations. 4. Mr. Roosevelt advo-
cates stern, prompt, and efficient action
against all such persons and corporations.
He also believes that the conditions which
cause the wrong-doing should be remedied.
State just what action you would bring
against such people, and explain how the
conditions can be remedied. 5. Explain
what Mr. Roosevelt means by the "look-
ahead power." He is of the opinion that
this sort of power will be necessary to a
high degree in our country. Give several
reasons why. 6. Explain how the "look-
ahead power" can be developed. 7. What
is meant by an "orderly Government"?
Name the principles and ideals that an
enduring Government must be founded
upon. 8. The Bolsheviki do not believe in
either patriotism or nationalism; they be-
lieve in what they term "internationalism."
What results have their beliefs had upon
Russia? What effect upon other nations?
Would you substitute internationalism for
nationalism? Reasons. 9. Is there an inter-
nationalism that is really helpful? Explain.
10. Tell very definitely what Americanism
is and what it is not. 11. Place in your
library and study "The Foes of Our
Own Household," by Theodore Roosevelt
(Doran), and "Americanism-What It Is,"
by D. J. Hill (Appleton).

B. Topic: The Lesson of Lafayette Day.
Reference: Editorial, pages 85, 86.
Questions:

1. When and where was Lafayette born? What were the conditions in France and in America at the time he offered his services to our country? 2. Tell, with reasons, what you think of "Lafayette is as unforgettable as Washington in American history and affection." If this statement is true, what is its significance? 3. Has America been saved twice by French

valor? Explain your answer. 4. What is
a negotiated peace? Illustrate. A dictated
peace? Illustrate. 5. Do you think this war
should continue until the Allies march into
Berlin and there dictate peace at the can-
non's mouth on German soil? Tell why or
why not. 6. Should the Allies arrange a
just and righteous peace with Germany?
If so, should defeated Germany be permit-
ted to have anything to say about what is
a "just and righteous" peace? What would
the conditions and terms of such a peace
be? 7. According to The Outlook, what is
the most important lesson of Lafayette
Day? What does it say about that lesson?
8. Tell why you do or do not agree with
The Outlook. Name other lessons of La-
fayette Day and discuss them. 9. You will
find valuable reading in "The Vandal of
Europe," by Wilhelm Mühlon (Putnams),
and "In the Fourth Year," by H. G. Wells
(Macmillan).

II-NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Topic: The Student-Soldier.
Reference: Page 82.
Questions:

1. What is the Students' Army Train-
ing Corps? What are its methods and pur-
pose? (See The Outlook, September 11,
1918, page 48.) 2. Do you think it would
be undemocratic to send the student-soldier
"at once on the firing line"? Give rea-
sons. 3. Tell somewhat at length what
influence this war is having upon our tra-
ditional educational ideas and methods.
4. From the standpoint of government,
what authority is responsible for our edu-
cational system? Do you think this is as it
should be? 5. Read the editorial in The
Outlook of September 11, 1918, pages 46,
47, entitled "A Legacy of the War to
Our Colleges," and discuss what the editors
say in it.

III-PROPOSITIONS FOR DISCUSSION
(These propositions are suggested directly or indi-
rectly by the subject-matter of The Outlook, but
not discussed in it.)

1. The loyal American is the best inter-
nationalist. 2. All reasonable persons be-
lieve in a league of free nations. 3. All
institutions are made of and sustained by
propaganda. 4. Arbitrary authority is the
most corrupting influence known.

IV-VOCABULARY BUILDING

(All of the following words and expressions are found in The Outlook for September 18, 1918. Both before and after looking them up in the dictionary or elsewhere, give their meaning in your own words. The figures in parentheses refer to pages on which the words may be found.)

Bolshevism, fanatics, the I. W. W., capitalism (92); Cardinal, immoral nations, treaties (85); college, inducted, education, chemistry, topography, instruction, non-commissioned officer, academic, effect, factor (82).

A booklet suggesting methods of using the Weekly Outline of Current History will be sent on application

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Glasses Do Not Cure

Glasses do not remove the cause of eye troubles. Instead, the eyes come to depend on them more every day. Glasses are eye crutches! They simply bolster up the eyes-they do not strengthen them. Many people now wearing glasses can be freed from the inconvenience, expense of constant breakages, by strengthening and correcting their vision through the simple, yet effective eye educational exercises recommended by Mr. Macfadden.

Eye Defects Removed

This remarkable new Course teaches you how to use your eyes without strain at all distances-how to remedy cross eyes or squint eyes-how to restore the normal sight-how to restore perfect control to eye nerves and muscles.

Beneficial Results at Once

No drugs, medicines or operations. The Course includes a simple, yet thoroughly scientific system of eye educational exercises which strengthen the eyes exactly as the muscles of the body can be strengthened through body exercises. Results are immediate, and improvement continues daily. One woman writes. "I notice a great improvement in my eyes since learning to use them right." Another user says, 66 Your Eye Strengthening Course is fine. My eyes are already improving." Still another writes, "Words cannot express my great gratitude for these excellent books."(Names on request.)

SEND NO MONEY

Let us send you this new Course "Strengthening the Eyes" on 5 days' approval. There are 28 simple little lessons which will show you the way to strengthen and preserve your sight. Try the exercises, then return the Course if not satisfied and you will owe nothing. If, however, you feel that the Course will help your eyes wonderfully, send only $1 and then $1 a month for four months, making $5 in all. This price includes a year's subscription to Physical Culture Magazine which alone is $2.

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and want to get rid of them, if your eyes
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W. 40th St.,
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City

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Effect of wadding construction on shot patterns

Poor wadding responsible for more faulty patterns and
lost birds than all other gun and shell troubles combined

A strong uniform shot pattern depends upon how perfectly the wadding in your shells controls the five ton gas blast behind it.

The wadding, like the piston head of a gas engine, must give the explosion something solid to work against so that the shot may be pushed out evenly.

It must expand and fill the tube of the barrel, completely sealing in the gas behind it. No gas must escape to scatter the shot. It must offer just the right amount of resistance so as to develop uniform pressure and high velocity without danger of jamming the pellets out of shape at the "choke" or muzzle

THE TRIBUNE TAKES

this means of reaching other than its own readers with a story that has been refused at advertising rates by the New York newspapers and billboards. This is the story.

In the course of a campaign against sedi

tious and disloyal publications, undertaken
at the urgent request of the Government, The
Tribune exposed the disloyalism of the Hearst
newspapers in a series of articles entitled,
"Coiled in the Flag-Hears-s-s-t."

WHILE The Tribune was engaged in this

work the newsdealers of Greater New York
declared war on the Hearst newspapers, for
economic and patriotic reasons. All the mem-
bers of the New York Publishers' Associa-
tion, except The Tribune, resolved to treat
this action on the part of the newsdealers as
an illegal boycott, and agreed to support
Hearst by refusing to sell their papers to any
dealer who stopped buying the Hearst papers.
This was to say that a newsdealer who for
any reason refused to handle Hearst's Amer-
ican or Journal, or who reduced his daily
orders for them, could buy no other morning
or evening newspaper. The Publishers' Asso-
ciation was afraid that if the newsdealers
could overthrow the influence of Hearst they
would be strong enough to demand a general
reduction in the price of papers.

In view of its fight against the Hearst
newspapers which had led to their being
denounced by the National Security League
and barred from many communities for patri-
otic reasons, The Tribune could not stand
with Hearst commercially. The Tribune,
therefore, acting alone, announced that it
would sell to all newsdealers alike, without
discrimination, whether they handled Hearst
newspapers or not.

THEREUPON the Publishers' Association,

representing (besides the Hearst newspapers)
The World, The Times, The Sun, The Herald,
The Staats-Zeitung, The Evening Sun, The
Evening World, The Evening Telegram, The
Mail, The Globe and The Post, decreed that the
circulation of The Tribune should be restrained.

IT

T notified the American News Company not to deliver The Tribune to anti-Hearst

newsdealers. The American News Company
is a monopoly and absolutely controls the
distribution of morning newspapers in New
York. Acting on orders from the Publishers'
Association, it refused to deliver The Tribune
to newsdealers who either cancelled or re-
duced their orders for the Hearst newspapers.

AT this point The Tribune was expected

to choose between sacrificing its anti-Hearst
policy or losing control of its circulation.
The Tribune chose instead to fight it out.
The first step was to meet the newsdealers'
economic problem by reducing the price of
papers from $1.40 to $1.20 per hundred.
When this was announced The American
News Company refused to deliver The
Tribune at all to any newsdealer, except at
the old price of $1.40 per hundred. Having
attempted by its monopolistic power to dic-
tate to whom The Tribune should be sold,
this organization proposed now to say at
what price it should be sold.

THE TRIBUNE then proceeded to or-
ganize its own delivery system, a thing so
difficult and costly to do that no New York
morning newspaper has ever tried it under
conditions now existing.

MEANWHI

EANWHILE Hearst has invoked the
aid of the city administration, through Mayor
Hylan, whom the Hearst papers pretend to
have elected to office. Licenses of the anti-
Hearst dealers have been revoked. There
have been injunction proceedings in the
courts and incipient riots in the streets, all
of which the New York newspapers have
steadily ignored in their news columns. The
newsdealers are soliciting popular contribu-
tions to a defense fund. Checks should be
sent to Lemuel Ely Quigg, their counsel, at
32 Liberty Street, New York.

THE Tribune has retained Lindley M.
Garrison, former Secretary of War, as special
counsel to seek the legal redress to which it
may be entitled.

NOTE-Owing to the scarcity of print paper and the rules of conservation now being observed, it is
impossible for The Tribune to exceed its paid circulation-otherwise it would undertake to give this
story unlimited circulation in New York from its own presses. The same condition as to paper limits
the distribution of pamphlets. Therefore, those who are with us in this fight are requested to give this
page further circulation. Cut it out and mail it to your friends and ask them to remail it to others.

New York Tribune

THE NEW BOOKS

This Department will include descriptive notes, with or without brief comments, about books received by The Outlook. Many of the important books will have more extended and critical treatment later

FICTION

Daughter of the Land (A). By Gene StrattonPorter. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City. $1.40.

Mrs. Stratton-Porter's new book is rightly described as 66 a story of American grit." Kate Bates fights her way against a father who thinks that a younger daughter's duty is to scrub and drudge so that the boys may have land and opportunities. Kate defies him, runs away, becomes a teacher, and emphatically paddles her own canoe. For a long time she develops the fighting power at the expense of feeling, but in the end she gets a broader view of life and helpfulness. There is more reality and terse writing. and less exuberant sentiment in this story than in some of the writer's earlier books. Our Admirable Betty. By Jeffery Farnol. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $1.60.

A joyous romance of England in the eighteenth century, with villains, duels, highwaymen, fashionable gallants, the devotion of an honest but unfashionable soldier to the charming and wilful Betty, and a course of true love which runs far from smoothly but ends happily.

Virtuous Wives. By Owen Johnson. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $1.50.

The deadening and dangerous effect of a life of constant social excitement and fashionable emulation on wifely ideals and character is depicted closely and, no doubt, accurately. The moral is evident,. but one feels that there is unnecessary elaboration of the unwholesome phase described. Zeppelin's Passenger (The). By E. P. Oppen

heim. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $1.50. A German spy, dropped into a quiet English town from a Zeppelin, practically blackmails the sister and fiancée of an English prisoner in a German camp into treating him with something more than tolerance in order that he may secure the prisoner's release. One must not take a plotstory too seriously, but both the ladies and the author are far too lenient to this detestable person.

HISTORY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, AND POLITICS Ireland. A Study in Nationalism. By Francis

Hackett. B. W. Huebsch, New York. $2. Open-minded Americans will find this book by a clever Irishman, one of the editors of the "New Republic," persuasive and illuminating; even those whose minds are made up as to the merits of the Irish problem will find much new information presented; and the average reader will be attracted by the style, which is brilliant to a fault in a serious historical discussion, and sometimes leaves the reader, as in the case of the writings of another clever Irishman, Bernard Shaw, in doubt as to just

where the author himself stands.

WAR BOOKS

Reporter at Armageddon (A). By Will Irwin. D. Appleton & Co., New York. $1.50, The author as a war correspondent is among the best and best known of American writers. His opportunities have been unusual. He writes of affairs in France, Switzerland, and Italy, of warfare on sea and on land, and always he has a hearty sympathy with the peoples of the countries and places visited and with the war effort of the Allies. There are innumerable touches of human nature and human experience as well as of humor. The articles in their present collected form deserve and will obtain a wide reading.

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Tiny Pellets

of Corn Hearts are Steam ExplodedPuffed to Bubbles, Raindrop Size

To Make Corn Puffs

There are toasted corn bubbles-called Corn Puffs-which form the finest, of the Puffed Grains, some folks think.

They are airy, flimsy, drop-size globules, with a multiplied toasted corn flavor.

Sweet pellets of hominy are sealed in huge guns, then subjected to fearful heat. Then exploded to eight times former size.

The object is to blast every food cell, to make digestion easy. But the result is also a food confection-the most delightful product ever made from corn.

For the War-Time Milk Dish

Countless children nowadays get Corn Puffs in their bowls of milk. They are thin, crisp, flavory morsels, light as air. And never was a corn food so fitted to digest.

Between meals children eat them dry, lightly doused with melted butter. Keep Corn Puffs with your other Puffed Grains. It's a winsome, wheatconserving dainty. And, like all Puffed Grains, the blasted food cells make it hygienic food.

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FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT

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All legitimate questions from Outlook readers about investment securities will be answered either by personal letter or in these pages. The Outlook cannot, of course, undertake to guarantee against loss resulting from any specific investment. Therefore it will not advise the purchase of any specific security. But it will give to inquirers facts of record or information resulting from expert investigation, leaving the responsibility for final decision to the investor. And it will admit to its pages only those financial advertisements which after thorough expert scrutiny are believed to be worthy of confidence. All letters of inquiry regarding investment securities should be addressed to

THE OUTLOOK FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York

A Personal Appeal

Buy Liberty Bonds

Buy to Your Utmost

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The duty of every American citizen is plain- -as plain as the
duty of every American soldier.

The soldier's duty is to fight for Liberty.
The citizen's duty is to lend for Liberty.

But the time has gone by for merely "doing one's bit". We must do our
all, if the war is to be won. No true patriot can be content with a subscrip-
tion to the Fourth Liberty Loan that is less than the limit he can afford.
Buy Liberty Bonds and buy to your utmost! The loan is larger than
before the effort must be greater than before-the obligation on each
and every one of us is greater. If you bought one bond in previous
Loans, buy two. If you bought ten, buy twenty now.

Back up our boys in France with a smashing oversubscription of the Fourth
Liberty Loan-an oversubscription that will wake the echoes in Berlin.
Every dollar you subscribe goes to arm and equip and protect our
boys in France-to save the lives of those inestimably dear-to bring
them home safely.

Let your subscription measure up to your patriotism! Buy Liberty
Bonds and buy to the utmost!

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