feet of the King, and humbly petitioning to be released, by reason of infir. mity of body, from acting in the High Commission Court, was surely unworthy of him; nor am I quite satisfied, in point of honour and honesty, with his declaration and course of conduct with the King, in the memorable interview Nov. 5, 1688, particularly connected with the correspondence and understanding (slight, I acknowledge,) which existed between him and the Prince of Orange, respecting the threatened condition of the Church of England. He certainly wanted manly firmness for the critical situation in which he was placed, and nothing can be clearer, than that, had the Church remained untouched, our liberties, for these holy prelates, might have gone to the The utmost Sancroft could bring himself to, it appears, at the Revolution, was the appointing the Prince of Orange Custos regui. His absenting himself from his place during the whole of this critical discussion in the House of Lords is certainly explicable only, in any creditable way, by supposing that he was unable to make up his mind to the best course of proceeding. Sancroft, it appears, let his beard grow at Fressingfield.

April 14. Looked through the excerpta from Wharton's Account of Sancroft's Life, appended to his own, by the editor. There are some things in it highly curious. When solicited by a Virgin to marriage, Proh pudor! he says, Dos ipsius saris ampla non fuit." The attack on him in Windsor forest, by Mathews, a Romish priest, who then said mass privately to the King at the castle, and Sancroft's confession, is a remarkable fact. Wharton charges Sancroft's nephews, Green, among the rest, with withholding his MS. papers, those relating to Bishop Laud, which the Archbishop had promised him. The executors are elsewhere stated to have sold the Archbishop MSS. for eighty guineas, to Bateman the bookseller, of whom they were purchased by Tanner, and presented to the Bodleian. They were also accused of withholding a good portion of his library, destined for Emanuel College. Wharton appears to have been a man of extraordi nary industry and research.

April 15. Looked through Sancroft's Fur Predestinatus, and his Sermon on the Consecration of the Bishops at the Restoration: not destitute of shrewdness and vigour. The familiarity and quaintness of his illustrations in the sermon are very characteristic of the times, and frequently provoke a smile. It is his chaplain Needham, I see, and not Wharton, who makes the charges against the Archbishop's nephews regarding the books and MSS.

April 20. Gilpin, in his Norfolk Tour, affirms that, were he to fill a gallery with pictures which pleased him most, on recollection, they should be portraits exclusively: in immediate transcripts from nature, there is always something to charm; in imaginary representations, always something to disgust. Gilpin's doth and hath is a detestable affectation. Dugald Stewart had observed it.

April 22. Pursued Gilpin's Lakes of Cumberland. He inculcates the doctrine that, in examining a picture, we should leave the moster entirely out of the question; it may mislead and cannot assist the judgment. This is like the cant in politics, of "measures not men." In the first place, it is scarcely possible that even an indifferent work of a great master should not possess some vestiges of his transcendant excellences, which, however latent, it must be of the highest interest and utility to trace; and in the second, it stands strictly connected, by association, with works of higher

more pleased with a sketch than a finished piece; not, as Burke supposes, because the imagination is entertained with the promise of something more, and does not acquiesce in the present object of sense, but because it leaves us the power of creating something more ourselves: I do not think that the two doctrines essentially differ. Burke, I suspect, meant the same thing, though he has not so clearly expressed it.* Gilpin seems to have no high relish for pictures, at the same time that he looks at nature too much with a painter's eye: so that he continues to miss apparently the supreme enjoyment of both. Walked up Stoke Hills in deep and solemn meditation on the state of poor Frost, whom I had just parted from; his fatal disease having now manifested itself. Frost has been to me on "painting," what P was in music. The loss of such friends, independently of all friendly feelings, operates as a sort of severance from the art. Strolled round Christ Church Park. The earlier trees, particularly round the Red House, beautifully tinted with virgin green. Strolled in the garden after tea.

April 29. Looked over Lord Byron's Letters on Bowles's Strictures on Pope. His lordship's predilection for Pope is most extraordinary, and cannot be accounted for, but on the principle of our liking those qualities best which are the most opposite to those we possess the whole sparkles with wit and intelligence spontaneously evolved. With regard to the grand question discussed, though not very philosophically, whether poetry, as Mr. Bowles contends, or seems to do at least, derives all its high excellences from representations of nature exclusively, as opposed to art, his lordship is unquestionably right. Alison makes nature itself derive all its poetical charms from moral associations. But I am not quite sure that I thoroughly understand the question between them; or his lordship either.

May 4. Called on poor Frost-complained of much debility, but enlivening at my company, and relating, with much humour and a hearty laugh, the adventures of an old hare, out of season, sent by Sir William Middleton to Carey, from Carey to John King, from King to himself, and from himself to Carey back again. Impressed, I think, with a sense of danger, though nót immediate. Went to see a strange monster about four feet high, sitting dressed in a chair, with something of a swine-like head, but the shoulders, arms, breast, abdomen, navel, thighs, and legs very like the human, covered with short thin hair, the hands and feet the same, though clumsy and armed with long claws, apparently quiet and dull; said to be brought from South America, and called the Peruvian Savage. It was taken at the river Plata.

May 8. Called again on Frost-complained of weakness and exhaustion -expressed himself very impatient of the commiserative babble of woment-could bend his mind to nothing, yielding a little to fancies. The portrait I bought has arrived from Ladbroke's, very judiciously repaireda glorious picture! combining the truth and individuality of Holbein with the unaffected and impressive majesty of Titian. Mr. Bunn was amazed and delighted and astonished at my foresight of its excellences. It has certainly an air of dignity that surpasses anything I have seen in Holbein's productions, and approaches Raffaele himself. Strolled by the side of the grove. The foliage variously and beautifully tinted, from the exuberance

* Independently of these reasons, which proceed from the mind and feelings of the spectator, it may be observed, that a sketch is often superior to a finished picture in the vigour and spirit of the first thoughts, which no subsequent labour can attain. This, we think, is acknowledged by artists, and is not unnoticed in their writings.-ED.

of the chestnut to the thin germination of the ash. How superior are the russet tones of the oak buds to the meagre spray of the elms! Dined at the Golden Lion. Mr. Leek said he had a picture by Teniers, a wake, in which the aerial perspective was astonishing. Mr. Hazell told ine he was pointing out his judas tree to Lady Mackintosh as the species of tree on which, according to tradition, Judas Iscariot hung himself. She observed, "Ay, Mr. Hazell, he was a most unworthy wight!" This sententiousness is truly Scotch.

May 16. Led by Lord Byron, I looked into Pope's Essay on Criticism. Quære, who was one of the best musicians of the age," who was foolish enough to tell Dr. Warton that there are not "nameless graces in music which no methods teach ?"

May 19. L-k called, and viewed my paintings-deeply impressed with the Murillo, yet suggested Sasso Ferrato. Stung with jealousy at the Hobbima, yet compelled to acknowledge its surpassing excellence; wished to regard the Rembrandt as a Benj. Wilson, to depreciate its value. All this is very sickening. Poor Frost said to Ladbrook, "he thought he should do yet, and finish his Gainsborough."

May 22. Walked by the wooded banks of the river--the scenery exquisitely beautiful. The country rising in all its charms-the gardens past their highest bloom. Read Struy's Voyages. These old travellers are highly picturesque, romantic, and amusing: careless in sketching from first impressions, their descriptions, as far as they go, have an individuality and distinctness which more full and laboured narrations do not reach. A passage in the preface,-" We need not fish for Aristotle in the Euripus, nor sift the dust of calcined Empedocles in Etna, for instances of the pernicious effects of too much curiosity," is quite à la Burke. In Formosa he swears he saw a man with a tail a foot long, and conversed with him. Miss called on me on my return: there was a melancholy wildness about her which quite thrills me. From the new surveys of my estates it appears that I am possessed of something more than 1226 acres of land, about 166 acres more than my father possessed.

May 30. Mr. Mitford came, by appointment, to dinner,―gave champagne, burgundy, and claret; much delightful converse over our wine on literature, art, politics: thought entirely with me on my new portrait. Told me Carey said Dr. Kilderbee's Hobbima was not worth a penny, and that mine was true and admirable but the sky painted in. Looked over prints in the evening.

:

June 5. Finished Struy's Voyages and Travels: his adventures are far too marvellous to believe. Called to hear Miss Goward singclear, full-toned voice, of considerable compass, but defective in style. Her fitness for public life a delicate and difficult question. She came again to my house, by appointment, in the evening, and met Mr. Binfield Very quick and apprehensive! singing very respectably at first sight. Seizing style very promptly: her voice quite clear, and in tone up to A alto and B flat. Read, in the evening, Pope's Wife of Bath,-most felicitously executed, but we cannot forgive him false rhymes. Mr. Maundrell called on me, thonght my Hobbima, without exception, the finest and most wonderful landscape he had ever seen. Mr. King called yesterday to view my pictures; still thought, with fresh and additional conviction, that my Claude was the most powerful and wonderful and delightful landscape of its size he ever beheld.*

*Mr. Green bought this small Claude out of some exhibition in London for 407.

July 20. Looked over some of Hume's Political Essays,* exhibiting striking proofs of acuteness and penetration, considering the time when they were written, though now appearing, in many instances, shallow, and in some being assuredly fallacious. The earnestness with which he condemns paper credit, and points out the certain ruin to the state, in one way or other, from the funding system, is very remarkable in so cool and sceptical a reasoner. On my return home, reviewed with delight my Claude and Hobbima, unparalleled by anything I ever met with. Called, with painful feelings, on Mrs. Frost; deeply affected-looked over, with sorrowful emotions, his paintings, drawings, &c. Agreed with Mrs. Frost for the picture of St. Sebastian, and received from her a kind present of the choicest painting of my poor friend.

Sept. 10. Began Burke's Speeches on the Impeachment of Hastings, just published. The opening of the charge is a most magnificent effort : he rises gradually from a temperate level, towers serenely and majestically aloft, and grapples his enormous and complicated subject with a mastery and power that is quite stupendous; his style, though careless in the repetition of expressions, is the most ample and supple surely that ever clothed ideas.

Sept. 11. Pursued Burke's charges against Hastings. One grieves to see, and I see it now and here more clear than ever, how far vehemence of feeling overpowers the judgment of this great man, and compels him, occasionally, to a course of proceeding and to expressions of sentiment of the extremest imprudence, considering the object in view and the circumstances in which he was placed. His transition from a general view of the state of India, to particular and personal crimination, is not very happily managed; and what he fulminates respecting there being no proper despotism in Asia or the world, though truly magnificent, approaches, I fear, a splendid raving. The apophthegm, of which he avers his personal conviction from long experience, and wishes it recorded, “that there never was a bad man who had ability for good service," is deep and true, I believe, and certainly new.

ON COLLARS OF THE ROYAL LIVERY. No. IV.

(Continued from p. 380.)

THE LIVERY OF THE DUKE OF

LANCASTER.

THE remarkable anecdote I have already detailed in my second Paper (March, p. 250), has shown that the Duke of Lancaster returned from Spain in the year 1389 wearing on his neck a collar of his livery, and that it was, in compliment to him, worn by his nephew King Richard.

We have thus direct evidence that John of Ghent, Duke of Lancaster,

gave a Collar of his Livery, though unaccompanied by any positive intimation of its form.

Nor have I hitherto derived that information from any other source. There remains, however, a drawing of the armorial achievements which formerly decorated a window of the old cathedral of St. Paul's, opposite to the Monument of the Duke of Lancaster, where the arms of John of Ghent are placed within A COLLAR

* Mr. Green was now travelling among the Westmoreland Lakes, and was in lodgings at Ambleside.-ED.

Mr. Green, since his departure, had seen the pictures at the British Institution, at Burleigh, Chatsworth, and other places, when he returned to his own with such