They intend not your precise abstinence from any light and labourless work. Brerewood. On the Sabbath, (1630.) p. 48. The annual labour of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniencies of life, which it annually consumes, and which consists always either in the immediate produce of that labour, or in what is purchased with that produce from other na. tions.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, vol. i. Introd. The number of useful and productive labourers, is every where in proportion to the quantity of capital stock which is employed in setting them to work, and to the particular way in which it is so employed.-Id. Ib. Why does the juice, which flows into the stomach, contain powers which make that bowel the great laboratory, as it is by its situation the recipient, of the materials of future nutrition?-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 7. Those who have dragged their understanding laboriously along the tiresome circuit of ancient demonstration, may be unwilling to grant that they have taken all these pains to no purpose.-Beddoes. On the Elements of Geometry, Ded. 11. LABURNUM. Plinie. See the quotation from ; LABYRINTH. Fr. Labyrinthe; It. and LABYRINTHIAN. Sp. La rinthus; Gr. Aaßupiveos; Locus viarum ambagibus ad capiendum aptus, from λaß-e, to take. A place formed to take or hold, confine, or keep within; difficult to pass through or escape from; formed with many windings or turnings, or intricate, involved, or perplexed ways or paths: as applied generally,-intricacy, perplexity. Since wee have finished our obeliskes and pyramides, let us enter also into the labyrynthes; which we may truly say, are the most monstrous works that ever were divised by the hand of man.-Holland. Plinie, b. xiii. c. 13. And like a wanton girl, oft doubting in her gate, And on her legs sne painted buskins wore, Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 5. For striving more, the more in laces strong B. Jonson. Neptune's Triumph. A Masque. He is forced every morning to drink his dish of coffee by itself, without the addition of the Spectator, that used to be better than lace to it.-Id. No. 488. Swift from her head she loos'd, with eager haste, as lacerate, And if the heat breaks through the water with such fury, water, too heavy for the air to carry or buoy up, it causeth what we call boyling. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. ii. c. 5. Note 2. They [nitrous and sulphurous exhalations] force out their way, not onely with the breaking of the cloud, but the Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 5. If there be no fear of laceration, pull it out the same way it went in.-Wiseman. Surgery, b. v. c. 1. laceration of the air about it. Some depend upon the intemperament of the part ulcerated, others upon the continual afflux of lacerative humours. Harvey. On Consumption. Since the lungs are obliged to a perpetual commerce with the air, they must necessarily lie open to great damages, Drayton. Poly Olbion, s. 22. because of their thin and lacerable composure.-Id. Ib. Mark, how the labyrinthian turns they take, Young. Complaint, Night 9. A lace, any thing which catcheth or holdeth, tieth, bindeth, or fasteneth; applied to cords, or strings, or threads, plain or interwoven of various materials; also to the substance formed by such interweaving. Laced, as laced coffee, i. e. coffee inter-laced, intermingled, or intermixed with some other ingredient. Nailing the speres, and helmes bokeling, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2506. Hire shoon were laced on hire legges hie. Id. The Milleres Tale, v. 3268. Hither the feble pair, by mutual aid, The warrior's lacerated corpse convey'd. Lewis. Statius. Thebais, b. xii. LACHE. Minshew derives from the Fr. LA'CHESSE. Lascher, or Lasche, slacke, loose, slow, remisse. (See LASH.) Skinner, from Lat. Laxus. Lache, in Chaucer, says Junius, is explained-sluggish, dull, heavie, lazie; and he suspects that lache was the original way of writing lazie. (See LAZY.) The Dut. Laecken, Eng. Lacke, is deficere, deesse; the noun Laecke, defectus; and lache may be the same word, ke softened into che; meaning A defect or failure, a want, (sc.) of strength, of activity, care, diligence and thus, consequentially, slackness or sluggishness; remissness, negligence. The lord of hus lacchese. and hus luther sleuthe, By nom hym al that he hadde.-Piers Plouhman, p. 141. And if he be slowe, and astonyed, and lache, men shall holde him lyke to an asse.-Chaucer. Boecius, b. iv. Then cometh lachesse, that is, he that whan he beginneth any good werk, anon he wol forlete and stint it. Id. The Persones Tale. The first point of slouth I call The law also determines that in the king can be no negligence, or laches, and therefore no delay will bar his right. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 7. Vncertaine Auctors. The Louer thinkes no paine, &c. | weep. No lamps, included liquors, lachrymatories, or tear-bottles, attended these rural urnes, either as sacred unto the Manes or passionate expressions of their surviving friends. Browne. Urne-Burial, c. 3. It is of an exquisite sense, that, upon any touch the tears might be squeezed from the lachrymal glands, to wash and clean it. Cheyne. Philosophical Principles. What a variety of shapes in the ancient urns, lamps, lachrymary vessels.-Addison. Italy. Rome. The learned Mr. Wise, late Radclivian librarian, had a glass lachrymatory, or rather a sepulchral aromatic phial, dug up between Noke and Wood-Eaton. LACK, v. LACK, n. LA'CKER. Warton. History of Kiddington, p. 57. Dut. Laecken, minuere, diminuere, attenuare, extenuare, deterere; deficere, deesse ;To lessen or diminish, to weaken, to fail or be deficient, to be faulty; to want or be wanting. To diminish, consequentially, to degrade, to find fault with, to blame. Shakespeare uses the compounds lack-beard, -brain, linen, -lustre. Where is & shall be eternall Joy, incomparable myrth without heaviness, Loue with charity and grace celestiall Lasting interminable, lacking no goodness. R. Gloucester, p. 548. App. Fair scho was. thei seiden, & gode withouten lak. R. Brunne, p. 95. Piers Plouhman, p. 18. Ac ich wolle lacke no lyf. quath that lady sotthly. Hem lacked no vitaille that might hem plese. I trowe that if enuie I wis Yet somewhat lacken hem would she.-Id. Rom. of the R. Id. The Marchantes Tale, v. 10,073. Dodsley. The Kings of Europe. To lay on, to cover with lacquer, or lacque, i. e. with a See LAKE, and the quotation from Dampier. The lack of Tonquin is a sort of gummy juice, which drains out of the bodies or limbs of trees. The cabinets, desks, or any sort of frames to be lackered, are made of fir, or pine tree. The workhouses where the lacker is laid on, are accounted very unwholesome. Dampier. Voyages, an. 1638. What shook the stage, and made the people stare? Alum and lacque, and clouded tortoiseshell. In vases, flow'r pots, lamps, and sconces, Cawthorn. The Antiquarians. Or oblong buckle, on the lacker'd shoe, With polish'd lustre, bending elegant In shapely rim. Jago. Edge Hill, b. iii. LACKEY, v. LA'CKEY, R. Fr. Lacquay; It. Lacayo. Junius (who proposes the verb to lacke; q. d. one who lacks, is poor or indigent, and therefore servile) interprets the Goth. Laik, saltare, exultare. Wachter,-the Ger. Læk-en, the same; and also currere, and lakei, curror. Ehre, the Sw. Lacka, currere, and Lack-ere, Cursor, a runner. Hence also the Eng. Leg; and thence a lacquey, one who uses his legs, (a legger.) A runner, a running follower or attendant, a runner of errands, a footboy; generally, a follower or attendant. Tueye luther lackes he adde wyth hym al out. R. Gloucester, p. 389. Than they of Heynnaulte bought lyttle nagges to ryde at theyr ease, (and they sent back) theyr lackettes and pages. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, c. 18. Te a prince of ours, a page of theirs they set, And a French lacquey to an English lord. Drayton. The Battle of Agincourt. Harp. To clear your doubts, he doth return in triumph, Kings lackeynge by his triumphal chariot. Massinger. The Virgin Martyr, Act i. sc. 1. What cause could make him so dishonourable Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 2. You that were once so economic, Denham. A Dialogue between Sir J. Pooley & Mr. Killegrew. A: Gaunt we fell upon a Cappucine novice, which wept marly, because he was not allowed to be miserable. His head had now felt the razor, his back the rod: all that iaconical discipline pleased him well. Bp. Hall, Dec. 1. Ep. 5. Alexander Nequam, a man of great learning born at Saint Altenes, and desirous to enter into religion there, after hee had signified his desire, wrote to the abbot laconically. Camden. Remaines. Allusions. The hand of providence writes often by abbreviatures, hieroglyphicks, or short characters, which, like the Laconism the wall (Dan. iii. 25) are not to be made out but by a bat or key from that Spirit which indited them. Brown. Christ. Mor. i. 25. And I grow laconic even beyond laconicisme, for someI return only yes, or no, to questionary or petitionary pistles of half a yard long.-Pope. To Swift, Aug. 17, 1736. King Agis, therefore, when a certain Athenian laughed the Lacedæmonian short swords, and said the jugglers ld swallow them with ease upon the stage, answered in Laconic way, And yet we can reach our enemies' hearts with them.-Langhorne. Plutarch, vol. i. Lycurgus. LACTAGE. Lat. Lac, απο του γάλακτος, LACTARY. the first syllable being cut LACTEAL, n. off;-yara, (lac,) says LenLA'CTEAL, adj. nep, appears to have its name LA'CTEAN. from its bright whiteness, and LACTEOUS. to have sprung from (the obLACTE'SCENT. solete primitive) ya-w, ab exLACTE'SCENCE. plicandi notione translatum ad LACTIFEROUS. eam nitendi, splendendi; transferred from the notion of explaining or making plain and clear, to that of brightening, of shining. Larteal,-milky, bearing or producing milk, or a liquid resembling milk. It is thought that the offering of Abel, who sacrificed of bifocks, was only wool, the fruits of his shearing; and k, or rather cream, a part of his lactage. Shuckford. On the Creation, vol. i. p. 79. (Tet were it no easie probleme to resolve) why also from istory or milky plants which have a white and lacteous e dispersed through every part, there arise flowers blew and yellow-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 10. After it hath been strained through those curious co landers, the lacteal veins, I might also observe its impregnations from the glands and lymphæducts. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. iv. c. 9. I might next trace it through the several meanders of the guts, the lacteals, and into the blood.-Id. Ib. little stars constipated in that part of heaven, flying so This lactean whiteness ariseth from a great number of swiftly from the sight of our eyes, that we can perceive nothing but a confused light.-Moxon. Astron. Cards, p. 13. Among pot-herbs are some lactescent plants, as lettice, endive, and dandelion, which contain a most wholesome juice, resolvent of the bile, anodyne and cooling, extremely Arbuthnot. On Aliments, Prop. 4. useful in all diseases of the liver. And this lactescence, if I may so call it, does also commonly ensue, when spirit of wine being impregnated with those parts of gums or other vegetable concretions, that are supposed to abound with sulphureous corpuscles, fair water is suddenly poured upon the tincture or solution. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 219. He makes the breasts to be nothing but glandules of that sort they call conglomeratæ, made up of an infinite number of little knots or kernels, each whereof hath its excretory vessel, or lactiferous duct.-Ray. On the Creation, pt. i. LAD. Junius derives from A. S. Læd-an, LADKIN. } ducere, to lead or guide; because children are led or educated to manly virtues. Skinner and Lye prefer A. S. Leode, people, (see the quotation from Piers Plouhman); also, as the latter asserts, signifying juvenis; but leode means a companion, follower, or attendant, and may itself be from læd-an, to lead. Lad will thus mean One who, on account of his tender years, is under a leader, guide, or director: a male child, a boy; generally, a youth; or one acting in the services usually performed by youth. See LASS. And the more he hath and wynneth the world at hus wille And lordeth in leedes the lasse good he needeth. Piers Plouhman, p. 187. Be large ther of while hit laste to leedes that ben needy. Id. Ib. There is a lad here, which hath fiue barly loues and two fishes; but what is that amōg so many. Bible, 1551. John, c. 6. Then the babes be plukt from their mothers' bosoms) and laddes but of their fathers handes to be slayne. Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, Epist. Ded. The russling northern lads, and stout Welshmen try'd it. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 22. Tharrhon that young ladkin hight He prayed his aged sire.-More. On the Soul, pt. iii. s. 31. Young Colin Clout, a lad of peerless meed, Full well could dance, and deftly tune the reed; In every wood his carols sweet were known, At every wake his nimble feats were shown. Gay. The Shepherd's Week. Tuesday. LA'DDER. A. S. Hladre; Dut. Ladder; Ger. Leiter; from A. S. Læd-an; Dut. Leed-en; Ger. Leiten; to lead; q. d. Ductor, scala etiam ad altiora loca ducimur, (Skinner :) quod scandentem ducant et dirigant, (Kilian.) Wachter resorts to the Celtic Klettern, to mount or climb. name is given to The A machine formed of steps, supported at each end by upright side-pieces. The kyng by an laddere to the ssyp clam an hey. R. Gloucester, p. 333. Foure of his old foos han it espied, and setten ladders to the walles of his hous, and by the windowes ben entred, and beten his wif.-Chaucer. The Tale of Melibeus. They sodainly with great force and outcry assayed to scale the trenches. the most part by setting vp ladders, others climing ouer the heads of their fellowes vpon a target fence. Savile. Tacitus. Historie, p. 150. But after they were come to Syria, men named them Climacides, as one would say ladderesses, for that they used to lie along, and to make their backs stepping stools or ladders, as it were for queens and great men's wives to get upon, when they would mount into their coaches. Holland. Plutarch, p. 71. If the barren sound Churchill. Sermons, Ded. LADE, v. A. S. Lad-an; Dut. Laden; LA'DING, n. Ger. Laden; Sw. Ladda. See TO LOAD. To lay or put on, to impose, a weight or burden; to put in, to take in, that which is to be borne or carried;-the cargo. And they laded their asses with the corne and departed thence.-Bible, 1551. Gen. c. 42. Pomegranets, lemons, citrons, so Drayton. The Description of Elysium. Dryden. Virgil, Geor. 3. I'll show thee where the softest cowslips spring Warton, Ecl. J. If large the vessel, and her lading large, LADE, v. A. S. Hlad-an, to draw out. LA'DLE. SA. S. Hladle. Camden says-that lade is a passage of water, and that aquæductus in the old Glossarie is translated water-lada. Hence it appears that hladan, to draw out, is merely a consequential usage of lad-an, to lead, guide, or conduct; and that water-lada is a conduit for water; that by which water may be conducted or drawn off. The application is, To dip (sc. some vessel or implement) into water or other liquid, and throw out the contents or quantity received. And lerede men a ladel bygge. with a long stele. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 7. Shakespeare. 3 Pt. Hen. VI. Act ii. "Oh! may your altars ever blaze! A ladle for our silver-dish Is what I want, is what I wish." "A ladle !" cries the man, "a ladle! Odzooks, Corisca, you have pray'd ill."-Prior. The Ladle. LA'DY. LA'DIED. LA'DYFY, U. LA'DILY. Tooke has written more elaborately than usual upon the origin of this word, and he traces it to the A. S. Hlaf, the past part. of hlif-ian, to raise. He supposes hlaf, first, by receiving the common participial termination, ed, to become hlaf-ed, then by contraction hlafd, and further by the addition of the common adjective termination ig, hlafd-ig, or by omitting the initial h, laf, lafed, lafd, lafd-ig, the ig being as usual softened to y. By the mere suppression of the f, lafd-y becomes lady; meaning one lifted, raised or elevated, (sc.) to the rank of her husband or lord, (see LORD.) Serenius finds the word written lafd-a in Goth. and Dr. Jamieson lafd-e in Icelandic; and as in R. Gloucester, it is written leuedy. See Jamieson, in v. Laird. That heo comen alle to London the hey men of this londe, Bible, 1551. Ib. Upon a lowly ass more white than snow; Yet she much whiter; but the same did hide Under a vele, that wimpled was full low. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 1. To be plain argues honesty; but to be pleasing argues discretion. Sores are not to be anguisht with a rustick pressure, but gently stroak'd with a ladied hand. Fellham, pt. i. Res. 8. More did I feare, than euer in Warner. Albion's England, b. xi. c. 64. Massinger. The City Madam, Act iv. sc. 4. The soldier here his wasted store supplies, Waller. Instructions to a Painter. This lady-fly I take from off the grass, Gay. The Shepherd's Week. Thursday. Such as your titled folks would choose LAG, v. LAG, n. LAG, adj. LA'GGARD. LA'GGER. Lloyd. To G. Colman, Esq. 1761. Skinner thinks lag is quasi lang, (then omitted,) from the A. Š. Lang, long; as we say, he stayes long, hee's long a comming. Minshew derives from log, truncus, and it is not improbable that it may have the same origin, viz. the Goth. Lag-yan, A. S. Lecgan, to lay or lie; and, consequentially, to remain at rest, inactive, sluggish. To move slowly or sluggishly, to tarry or remain behind, to come or follow slowly after; to come in late or latterly, at the latter end, after others. For a gunstone I say had all to lagged his cap. Skellon. The Crowne of Laurell. When with the luggage such as lagg'd behind, Drayton. Moses his Birth and Miracles, b. iii. O gods, the senators of Athens, together with the common legge of people, what is amisse in them, you gods, make suteable for destruction. Shakespeare. Timon of Athens, Act iii. sc. 6. There, I take it, They may cum priuilegio, wee [wear] away The lag end of their lewdnesse, and be laughed at. Id. Hen. VIII. Acti. sc. 3. Some tardie cripple bare and countermand, That came too lagge to see him buried. Nailing the speres, and helmes bokeling, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2507. LAIR, or Skinner writes it leer, clearly LARE. Senough, he says, from Ger. Læger, cubile, and this from liegen, to lay. It is immediately from lay, or lai, layer or lair. The place where any one (deer or other animal) lays or is laid. Applied to the land or pasture in which they lie. In Hardyng's Chronicle (quoted by Dr. Jamieson) the place where Arthur was laid in burial. The mynster church, this day of great repayre This gyant's sonne that lies there on the laire To raine and snowe, they have wet By which means his sheep have got And sprincles eke the water counterfet, Surrey. Virgile. Æneis, b. iv. Dryden. Virgil, Geor. 2. I started up, and looking out, observed by the light of the and the waves dashing against the walls of the inn, and moon the lake [Desensano] in the most dreadful agitation, resembling the swellings of the ocean, more than the petty agitation of inland waters.—Eustace. Italy, vol. i. c. 5. LA'KENS. The diminutive of our lady, i. e. ladykin, (Steevens.) By our lakens brother husband (qh. she,) but as properlye as yt was preached, yet woulde I rather abyde the perill of breding wormes in my bely by eating of fleshe without breadde, then to eate with my meate the breadde that I wist well wer poysoned.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 849. Gon. By'r laken, I can go no further, sir, My old bones akes.-Shakespeare. Tempest, Act iii. sc. 3. Goth. A. S. Dut. Ger. and Swed. Lamb, agnus. The origin of the word, says Junius, improbably enough, is to be sought, prefixo l, from This etymo That none living are.-Browne. Shepheard's Pipe, Ec.. 3. the initial letters of the Gr. Auvos. Out of the ground uprose As from his laire the wilde beast where he wonns Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii. Where nature shall provide logy, says Wachter, Stiernhiem despises, but suggests no other. Ihre remarks,-Apud Armoricos lamma notat saltare, which does not ill suit this kind of animal. Minshew, from lamb-ere, to lick. It is applied to The young offspring of the sheep; (met.) to any one having the meekness, innocence of a Dryden. Virgil, Geor. 3. lamb. But the sea-fowl is gone to her nest, Cowper. Verses, supposed to be written by A. Selkirk. Incessantly busie her prey for to gete, LAITY. See LAY. LAKE. Tyrwhitt remarks, -it is difficult to say what sort of cloth is meant. Laecken, Belg. signifies both linen and woollen cloth, (Kilian.) Fine cloth and lawn (says Skinner.) Somner has lach, chlamys, a kind of garment. He didde next his white lere Of cloth of lake fin and clere. Chaucer. The Rime of Sire Thopas, v. 13,787. LAKE. Fr. Lacque; It. and Low Lat. Lacca. (See Menage and Martinius.) A word, says the former, of Arabic origin. (And see the quotation from Boyle.) Fr. "Lacque, sanguine; rosie or rubie colour. The true lacca is an Armenian gum, used in the dyeing of crimsons, and afterwards (grown artificial) employed by painters," (CotAnd see LACKER. Id. Rich. III. Act ii. sc. 1. grave.) Yet not content, more to encrease his shame, Architecture, who no less A goddess is, than painted cloth, deal board, To this, Idomeneus: "The fields of fight Decrepit winter, laggard in the dance, LAKE. Fr. Lac; It. and Sp. Lago; Lat. Non lyckore ys brother hym nas, than an wolf ys a lombe. Wiclif. Luke, c. 10. Go your wayes: beholde, I sende you forthe as lambes among wolues.-Bible, 1551. Ib. So 'twixt them both they not a lambkin left; I finde those that commend use of apples, in splenaticke and this kinde of melancholy (lambs-wool some call it) cold rawnesse and winde. which howsoever approved must certainely be corrected of Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 395. In the warm folds their tender lambkins lie Dryden. Ovid. Metam. b. xiii. Yon wanton lamb has crop't the woodbine's pride, Mason. The English Garden, b. ii. Upon the mantle-tree, for I am a pretty curious observer, stood a pot of lambative electuary, with a stick of liquorish. Tatler, No. 266. [I] then put him into bed, and let him blood in the arm, advising a lambative of album, &c. Wiseman. Surgery, b. v. c. 5. To stroke his azure neck, or to receive The lambent homage of his arrowy tongue. LAME, v. LAME, adj. LA'MELY. LA'MENESS. LA'MISH. Cowper. The Task, b. vi. A. S. Lam; Dut. Lam, laem ; Ger. Lam; Sw. Lam; Dut. Lamen; Ger. Lamen, debilitare, to weaken. To weaken or debilitate, to want, to injure, or deprive of, the natural power or strength; to maim, to cripple. And a man that was lame fro the wombe of his modir was borun, and was leid ech dai at the ghate of the temple. Wiclif. Dedis, c. 3. Banck feels no lameness of his knotty gout, Ben. Jonson. On Bank the Usurer. A tender foot will be galled and lamed, if you set it going in rugged paths; a weak head will turn, if you place it high, or upon the brink of a precipice. Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 3. Nothing of worth or weight can be atchieved with half a wind, with a faint heart, with a lame endeavour. Id. Ib. Ser. 18. He [Peter] could but very lamely have executed such an office.-Id. Of the Pope's Supremacy. Though some part of them [its imperfections] are covered in the verse (as Ericthonius rode always in a chariot to hide his lameness,) such of them as cannot be concealed you will please to connive at, though, in the strictness of your judgment, you cannot pardon. Dryden. Virgil. Eneis, Ded. He did by a false step, sprain a vein in the inside of his g, which ever after occasioned him to go lamish. Wood. Athena Oxon, vol. ii. James Shirley. Even lameness from its leafy pallet crawls, The lamellated antennæ of some, the clavellated of others, are surprizingly beautiful, when viewed through a microscope.-Derham. Physico-Theology, b. viii. c. 4. Note 3. We took an ounce of that [refined silver] and having laminated it, we cast it upon twice its weight of beaten subliBate-Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 81. I took two parcels of gold, the one common gold thinly laminated, and the other very well refined.—Id. Ib. p. 82. Calcareous marl is-sometimes of a compact, sometimes da lamellar texture.-Kirwan. On Manures. Thou knowest the teares of my lamentacyon Milton. Paradise Lost, b. i. Eve, who unseen Brome. On the Death of his Schoolmaster. Her teme at her commaundment quiet stands, Whiles they the corse into her wagon reare, And strowe with flowres the lamentable beare. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 4. A hundred and twentie temporall men with diuers préests and many women were drowned and lamentablie perished. Holinshed. Edw. III. an. 1339. But among the Britains there was nothing else heard but mourning and lamentation, both of men and women that were mingled togither.-Id. Hist. of England, b iv. c. 18. Admit they were, it would not be uncharitable to part them; yet sometimes they are not both actors, but the one of them most lamentedly passive.-Milton. Colasterion. Disconsolate he wanders on the coast, Sighs for his Country, and laments again To the deaf rocks and hoarse resounding main. Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. xiii. But now, ah dismal change! the tuneful throng To loud lamentings turn the cheerful song. Congreve. Death of the late Marquis of Blandford. [It was] but an universal (infinitely rich and abundant) creation, sunk into distress and lamentable wretchedness, goodness, mercy and pity toward this eminent part of his which induced God to send his son for the redemption of mankind.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 39. One clad in purple, not to lose his time, Dryden. Persius, Sat. 1. Beaum. & Fletch. The Beggar's Bush, Act iii. sc. 3. LAMMAS. A. S. Hlaf-masse. The calends or first day of August; (q.d.) loaf-mass, perhaps because on that day an offering was made of bread made of new corn; the first fruits of harvest. See Somner and Skinner, and Hammond's Works, vol. i. p. 660. And to the lammasse afterward he spousede the quene. R. Gloucester, p. 317. R. Brunne, p. 221. The fift day it was after Lammasse-tide. How long is it now to Lammas-tide? Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act i. sc. 3. Nurse. Euen or odde, of all daies in the yeare come Lammas Eue at night shall she be fourteene. LAMP, n. LA'MPED. Id. Ib. Fr. Lampe; It. Lampa, lampada; Sp. Lampara ; Lat. shine. LAMPING, adj. f Lampas, to Ghi Aquas, from A light; any thing possessing or communicating light, (lit. or met.) Hit is as lewede as a lampe, that no lyght ys ynne. Piers Plouhman, p. 22. But the five foolis token her lampis, and token not oile with hem.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 25. And wel ycovered with a lampe of glas? Chaucer. The Chanones Yemannes Tale, v. 16,167. A cheerliness did with her hopes arise Oh sacred fyre, that burnest mightily Beaum. & Fletch. The Mad Lover, Act ii. sc. 1. The splendour of your lamps; they but eclipse Cowper. Task, b. i. Various and violent have been the controversies, whether our author here intended to celebrate a lamp-lighter, or a link-boy.-P. Whitehead. The Gymnasiad, b. ii. Note. LAMPOON, v. LAMPOON, n. LAMPOONER. Cotgrave has lamponnier, a fond or idle companion, probably from the old Fr. Lamper, potare, to drink, (Lacombe;) and from the ribaldry, slander, and satire in which drinking companions indulge themselves, the word may have derived its application to Satire or abuse of persons, their peculiarities or failings. "Mr. Bettesworth," answered he, "I was in my youth acquainted with great lawyers, who, knowing my disposition to satire, advised me, that if any scoundrel or blockhead whom I had lampooned should ask, Are you the author of this paper?' I should tell him that I was not the author: and therefore I tell you, Mr. Bettesworth, that I am not the author of those lines."-Johnson. Life of Swift. Like her, who miss'd her name in a lampoon, And griev'd to find herself decay'd so soon. Dryden. Essay upon Satire. Lampooners and criticks rush'd in like a tide, Stern Dennis and Gildon came first side by side. Buckinghamshire. Election of a Poet Laureat. It cannot be supposed that the same man, who lampooned Plato, would spare Pythagoras.-Observer, No. 142. Libanius must have possessed a consummate impudence, who could address to a Christian emperor a mere panegyric on Paganism, and a lampoon on Christianity; for such is his oration.-Jortin. On the Christian Religion, Dis. 6. LAMPREY. Fr. Lamproye; It. Lampreda; Sp. Lamprea; Lat. Lampetra; a petrâ dicta, nempe a lambendis petris. And tho he com hom, he wyllede of an lampreye to ete. R. Gloucester, p. 422. By all the saintes that we prey, But they defend them with lamprey, &c. Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. After the tale of the boy that would fayne haue eaten of the pastie of lamprese, but durst not vnto the belles sang vnto him,-Sit down Jacke and eate of the lampreye. Tyndall. Workes, p. 388. There were found in Cæsar's fish-ponds, lampreyes to have liued threescore years.-Bacon. Hist. of Life & Death, § 11. Fr. Lancer, lance; It. Lanciare, lancia; Sp. Lanzar, lanza; Dut. Lancie, lansse; Ger. Lanze; Sw. Lants; Lat. Lancea. The ety LANCE, or LAUNCE, v. LANCE, n. LA'NCELY. LA'NCER. LA'NCET. mologists have written much about this word, and agree in ascribing it to a Celtic origin. (See Vossius, de Vitiis, b. i. c. 3, his Etymologicon in v.- -Menage, Wachter, and Ihre.) Wachter and Lye think the root preserved in the Armoric Lança, jaculari, vibrare, to throw, to brandish. A lance will thus signify, generally, any thing thrown; and lance, the verb, or lanch, (qv.) To throw; and (from the form and purpose of a lance) consequentially, to pierce or penetrate; to cut with a lancer or lancet, or small lance, or sharp-pointed instrument. Lance, in ba-lunce, and used uncompounded by Spenser, may be the same word, applied consequentially; poise, equipoise. In ys rygt hond ys lance he nom, that ycluped was Ron. And with that word, with all his force a dart Surrey. Virgile. Æneis, b. ii. The surgen launceth and cutteth out the dead flesh. Tyndall. Workes, p. 119. The cut wherof like a lytle launsing knife may let out the foule corrupcion of the soule.-Sir T. More. Workes, p.1391. He carried his lances, which were strong, to give a lancely blow. Sidney. Arcadia. And they cried lowd, and cut themselues, as their maner was, we knyues and launcers.-Bible, 1551. 3 Kings, c. 18. Whole hosts of sorrows her sick heart assail, Towards them did pace An armed knight, of bold and bounteous grace, Id. Ib. b. iii. c. 7. Raleigh. Hist. of the World, b. v. c. 3. Although at one time there came an army of eighteen thousand foot, at another time an army wherein were reckoned twelve thousand launce-knights. Baker. Hen. VIII. an. 1546. To the rescue whereof, the French king sent an army, under the leading of the Constable of France, which consisted of nine hundred men at arms, with as many light horse, eight hundred reysters, two and twenty ensigns of laneequenets, and sixteen ensigns of French footmen. Id. Queen Mary, an. 1557. Receipts abound; but searching all thy store, The best is still at hand, to launch the sore. Dryden. Virgil, Geor. 3. While making fruitless moan, the shepherd stands, And when the launching knife requires his hands, Vain help, with idle pray'rs from heav'n demands.-Id. Ib. They lightly set their lances in the rest, And, at the sign, against each other press'd. Id. The Flower and the Leaf. With that he drew a lancet in his rage, To puncture the still supplicating sage. Garth. The Dispensary, c. 5. In his pockets he had a paper of dried figs, a small bundle of segars, a case of lancets, squirt, and forceps and two old razors in a leathern envelope.-Observer, No. 88. LANCH, or LAUNCH. See LANCE to send forth, to emit, to dart, to push forth, to push on, to rush forth; also, (as in Spenser,) to pierce as with a They cried to haue the sailes hoisted vp, and signe giuen to lanch foorth, that they might passe forward on their iour. nie.-Holinshed. History of England, vol. i. b. iv. c. 24. In divers enquiries about providence, to which our curiosity will stretch itself, it is impossible for us to be resolved, and launching into them we shall soon get out of our depth, so as to swim in dissatisfaction, or to sink into distrust. Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 23. He chose Menætes from among the rest; At him he launch'd his spear, and pierc'd his breast. Dryden. Ovid. Metam. b. xii. We cut our cable, launch into the world, And fondly dream each wind and star our friend. Young. The Complaint, Night 8. LAND, v. Goth. A. S. Ger. Dut. and LAND, n. Sw. Land: of unknown etyLANDING, n. mology. (See Wachter and Ihre.) LANDLESS. May it not be formed of (Goth. Lagy,) Lay-en-ed, Lan-ed, Land? As a substance, it is opposed to water. It is also applied to the inhabitants of the land, of the country, or region. It is not unfrequent in composition; and some instances from our elder writers are given. Landlady and landlord are applied to the mistress and master of the house, more especially of a public one. Landskip,-Dut. Landschap; A. S. "Landscipe, a country, a region, a quarter, a coast; whence our land-skip, q.d. land-shape," (Somner.) See the quotation from Dryden. Engelond ys a wel god lond, ich wene of eche lond best, Wiclif. Mark, c. 4. Gower. Con. A. b. vii. And God sayde: let ye waters that are vnder heauen gather themselues vnto one place that the drye land may appere.-Bible, 1551. Genesis, c. 1. And let thy wife visit thy landladye three or four tymes in a yeare, wyth spised cakes, and apples, pears, cherries, and such like.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 2 210. Yea, poll thyselfe and preuent other, and geue the baylife or like officer now a capon, now a pigge, now a goose, and so to thy landlord likewise.-Id. Ib. For some men there be, that remoue other men's landemarkes.-Bible, 1551. Job, c. 24. There this fayre virgin wearie of her way Daniel. Civil Wars, b. vii. lance, or lancet. And see in v. LANCE the quota-nuncios haue their manifold collusions to cousen christian tions from Dryden. And doun his hond he launceth to the clifte, In hope for to finden ther a gift. Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 7658. He said vnto them: Let us goe ouer vnto the other syde of the lake. And they lanched forth. Bible, 1551. Luke, c. 8. For, since my brest was launcht with lovely dart Of deare Sansfoy, I never ioyed howre. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 4. That simple fisher-swain Whose little boat in some small river strays; Yet fondly lanches in the swelling main, Soon, yet too late, repents his foolish plays. P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 6. It is nothing strange that these his landloping legats and kingdoms of their reuenues.-Holinshed. Hen. III. an. 1244. Were he as Furius, he would defy Such pilfering slips of petty landlordry. Bp. Hall, b. v. Sat. 1. Hence countrie loutes land-lurch their lords And courtiers prize the same. Warner. Albion's England, b. ix. c. 46. Lad. To find out that, good shepherd, I suppose In such a scant allowance of star-light, Would overtask the best land-pilot's art, Without the sure guess of well-practis'd feet. Milton. Comus. Some inventing colours, others shadowes and landskips, and others rules of proportion. Hakewill. Apologie, b. iii. c. 9. s. 3. A tax laid upon land seems hard to the land-holder, because it is so much money going visibly out of his pocket: and therefore as an ease to himself, the landholder is always forward to lay it upon commodities. Locke. On the Lowering of Interest. A good conscience is a port which is land-locked on every side, and where no winds can possibly invade, no tempests can arise.-Dryden. Virgil. Geor. Pref. Divines but peep on undiscover'd worlds, Id. Don Sebastian, Act ii. sc. 1. The prettiest landscape I ever saw, was one drawn on the walls of a dark room, which stood opposite on one side to a navigable river, and on the other side to a park. Spectator, No. 414. As soon as the land of any country has all become private property, the landlords, like all other men, love to reap where they never sowed, and demand a rent even for its natural produce.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 6. Religion's harbour, like th' Etrurian bay Secure from storms, is land-lock'd ev'ry way. Harte. Thomas à Kempis. Nothing can be better fancied than to make this enormous son of Neptune use the sea for his looking-glass; but is Virgil so happy when his little landsman says, Non sum adeo informis ?-Fawkes. Theocritus, Idyl 6. Note 45. LANE. Dut. Laen; and Lye says, the A. S. have Lana. It may be Hlane, lane, thin, and, therefore, narrow. A narrow way or passage-between houses or hedges, or any lateral confinement. "In the subarbes of a town," quod he, Chaucer. The Chanones Yemannes Prologue, v. 16,124. It is becomme a turnagaine laine vnto them, which they cannot goe through.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 388. The trees and bushes growing by the streets' sides, doo not a little keepe off the force of the sunne in summer for drieng vp the lanes.- Holinshed. Desc. of Britaine, c. 19. Forth issuing from steep lanes, the colliers' steeds Drag the black load; another cart succeeds. Gay. Trivia, b. iii. He [the Earl of Chatham, 7 April, 1778] was led into the house by his son and son in law Mr. W. Pitt and Lord Vt. Mahon, all the lords standing up out of respect, and making a lane for him to pass to the earl's bench. Belsham. History of England, vol. vi. LANGUAGE, v. Fr. Language; It. LinLANGUAGE, n. guaggio; Sp. Lengua, lenguada; Lat. Lingua, quasi linga, from Ling-ere, to lick, cum lingua unicum sit linctus instrumentum. LANGUAGELESS. That which the tongue utters, or speaks; speech, oral or written; applied to the general character or style of speaking or writing; to the people or nation speaking or writing. For in the langage of Rome, Rane a frogge ys. R. Gloucester, p. 69. And thei spaken the langagis and prophecieden. Wiclif. Dedis, c. 19: And al the worlde was of one toge & one language. Bible, 1551. Genesis, c. 11. To bere this apell was cōmaunded a clerke, well langaged to do such a besynesse.-Berners. Frois. Cron. vol. i. c. 243. In which matter I have used greatly the help of one Swerder, a servant of my lord of Canterbury, a young man well learned, and well languaged, of good soberness and discretion.-Sir T Wyatt. To the King, 7 Jan. (1540.) The only languag'd-men, of all the world! B. Jonson. The Fox, Act ii. sc. 2. A new dispute there lately rose Betwixt the Greeks and Latins, whose Temples should be bound with glory In best languaging this story.-Lovelace. Lucasta, pt. i. Our ancient English Saxons language is to be accompted the Teutonicke tonge, and albeit we have in latter ages mixed it with many borrowed words, especially out of the Latin and French; yet remaineth the Teutonicke unto this day the ground of our speech, for no other off-spring hath our language originally had then that. Verstegan. Restit. of Decayed Intelligence, c. 7. |