Shew him that T is close; but this lets breadth; and with aten trial he will hit on it, though at first it may be listagly or imperfectly.-Holder. Elements of Speech, p. 144. While hisping children, touch'd with infant fear, With wonder gaze, and drop th' unconscious tear. Falconer. The Shipwreck, c. 3. He had a lisping in his speech, which became him, and gare a grace and persuasive turn to his discourse.

Langhorne. Plutarch, vol. ii. Alcibiades.

Ah! what avails it, that, from slav'ry far,

I draw the breath of life in English air;

Was early taught a Briton's right to prize,

And lisp the tale of Henry's victories.-Johnson. London.

LISS, v. Liss, a.

See To LESS or LESSEN. To loose, free from relieve, remit. Shal lere hem what love is. and lisse with outen ende. Piers Plouhman, p. 352. And on his way forthward than is he fare In hope for to ben lissed of his care.

Chaucer. The Frankeleines Tale, v. 11,482.

What for his labour, and his hope of blisse,

His woful herte of penance had a lisse.-Id. Ib. v. 11,550. Yet for a tyme it shuld change

My peyne, and lisse me somdele.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi.

LISSOME, i. e. Lithesome.

LIST, v.

See LITHE.

See To ENLIST. Fr. Liste; It. LIST, n. and Sp. Lista; from Goth. and A. S. Lis-an; Ger. and Dut. Lesen; in its consequential Bare, colligere, to collect; and thus, list, that which is collected; a collection, (sc.) of names. And to list,

To enroll, to write in a roll or catalogue; to register, (sc.) the names of those engaged for a particular purpose, as for military service; and, thus, to engage the services.

Yes is the list

Of those that claime their offices this day,
By custom of the coronation.

Shakespeare. Hen. VIII. Act iv. sc. 1.

In this hasty muster of poets, and listing their confederates, ata, by omitting many, deprive them of that which is made due from fame.-Davenant. Gondibert, Pref.

Round the throne,

Erected in the bosom of the just,

Each Virtue, listed, forms her manly guard.

Young. The Complaint, Night 8.

The Jesuits, whose order was founded A. D. 1540, have, erally speaking, been Semipelagians, and no friends to Austin, though they permitted their brethren to list themKes on either side. Jortin, Dis. 2.

Some Neapolitan authors carry their pretensions so far as place the number and merit of their writers upon a level With those of Paris, and from the list of publications which produce, an impartial man would find it difficult to de against them.-Eustace. Italy, vol. ii. c. 10.

}}

Gent. Well there went but a paire of sheeres betweene vs. Luc. I grant: as there may betweene the lists, and the veluet.-Shakes. Measure for Measure, Act. i. sc. 2.

As when his Tritons' trumps do them to battle call
Within his surging lists to combat with the whale.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 5.

World-wand'ring sorry wights,
Whom nothing can content
Within these varying lists of days and nights.
Drummond. Flowers of Sion.

The king, his nobles, and all the people being come cogither in the morning of the daie appointed to the place where the lists were set vp, the knight being armed and mounted on a faire courser seemelie trapped, entered first as appellant.-Holinshed. Rich. III. an. 1380.

The asse having a peculiar mark of a cross made by a black list down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his shoulders; common opinion ascribes this figure unto a peculiar signification; since that beast had the honour to bear our Saviour on his back. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 11. Dear Kate, you and I cannot bee confin'd within the weake lyst of a countreyes fashion. Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act v. sc. 2.

The very list, the very vtmost bound
Of all our fortunes.

Id. 1 Pt. Hen. IV. Act iv. sc. 1.

Here I must breath awhile, to satisfy some that perhaps might otherwise wonder at such an accumulation of benefits, like a kind of embroidering or listing of one favour upon another. Reliquiæ Wottonianæ, p. 211.

Dress'd to advantage, this illustrious pair
Arriv'd, for combat in the list appear.

For he to vertue listeth not to entend, But for to play at dis, and to dispend.

R. Brunne, p. 87.

Chaucer. The Frankeleines Prologue, v. 11,102.
And ther our hoste began his hors arest
And saide; "Lordes, harkeneth if you lest."
Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 850.
To whatsoeuer land
By sliding seas me listed them to lede.

LIST.
Fr. Lice; It. Lizza; Low Lat.
LISTED. Licia, the barriers of camps or
LISTING. cities; so called a liciis, from
reads, strings, or ropes, of which they were at
made, (Du Cange.) But Vossius thinks it
the same word as list: A. S. List; Dut. Lijst ;
Fr. Lisiere; It. Lista; Low Lat. Lista, the edge,
r border, or hem (of cloth,) applied pro lined aut
ta: the line, the bounding line; particularly
as Lye) to that line which bounds or defines
the space within which combatants are to fight.
The words (there can be little doubt) are the
same, (and see LIST, ante,) from Lis-an, lis-ed, list, they could overpower.-Fuller. Worthies. Kent.
ligere, congregare, to collect, to assemble; ap-

Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. iv.
Againe those which were fit were suffered if they listed to

remain in their former estate among the legionarie or auxi

liarie soldiers.-Savile. Tacitus. IIistorie, p. 96.

Des. Alas: she has no speech.
Iago. In faith too much:

I finde it still when I haue leane [list] to sleepe.
Shakespeare. Othello, Act ii. sc. 1.

Those Irish lords made their list the law to such whom

Whence, deeply rankling grows The partial thought, a listless unconcern, Cold, and averting from our neighbour's good. Thomson. Spring. See there [at play] whether he be stirring and active; whether he designs any thing, and with labour and eagerness pursues it, till he has accomplished what he aimed at; or whether he lazily and listlessly dreams away his time. Locke. Of Education, s. 123.

Thus, by his employing of such times of liberty, you will easily discern whether it be listlesssness in his temper, or aversion to his book, that makes him saunter away his time of study.-Id. Ib. s. 125.

Moreover since the French invasion it seems to have suffered from the negligence or from the poverty of the proprietors, owing partly to the heavy contributions laid on the

town, and partly to that listlessness and depression of spirits which generally accompany national disasters. Eustace. Italy, vol. i. c. 3.

LIST, or LISTEN, v. LISTENER. LISTFUL.

listless, the one heedful or anxious, the other heedless or indifferent: and the A. S. Hlyst-an; Dut. Luysteren; Ger. Laustern, audire, auscultare, attendere, observare, to hear, hearken, attend to, observe, regard, seems to vary from lystan, to care for, be desirous for, merely in the greater latitude to which the word (without the aspirate) is extended in its application.

To hearken, to attend, to pay or give attention. to heed or take heed.

Liste how Dauid les his spente [expences] & his trauaile.
R. Brunne, p, 114.

Listen now, how Ihesu Criste, for his mykelle mercy,
Agayn the fals paiens the Cristen stode he by.-Id. p. 16.
Listeneth, lordinges, in good entent,
And I wol tel you verament
Of mirthe and of solas.

Chaucer. The Rime of Sire Thopas, v. 13,642.
Which she long listning, softly ask'd againe
What mister wight it was that so did plaine.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 7.

El. B. List, list, I hear Some far off hallow break the silent air.-Milton. Comus. At which I ceas'd, and listen'd them awhile.-Id. Io. The people all mute, with countenances amazed, and listning eares.-Savile. Tacitus. Historie, p. 23. "Perhaps I may all further quarrell end, So ye will sweare my judgment to abide." Thereto they both did franckly condiscend; And to his doom with listful eares attend.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 1. Neither will men willingly listen to the reasonings of those, whom they apprehend disaffected to their persons, and more desirous to wound their reputations, than to cure their distempers.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 30.

Listeners ne'er hear good of themselves.

Ray. Joculatory Proverbs. "The external ear," we are told, "had acquired a distinct motion upward and backward, which was observable whenever the patient listened to any thing which he did not distinctly hear."-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 3.

LITANY. Fr. Letanie; It. and Sp. Letania; Lat. Litania; Gr. Atravela, from λITT-Eσdai, precari, to pray, because, says Minshew,—

Letanie is nothing but praiers and supplications." And see the quotation from Hooker. & songe the letanye And other gode orysons. R. Gloucester, p. 406. As things inuented to one purpose are by use easily conuerted to more, it grew that supplications with this solemnitie for the appeasing of God's wrath, and the auerting of publique euils, were of the Greeke Church termed litanies; rogations, of the Latine.-Hooker. Eccl. Politie, b. v. § 41. In the litany they did still invocate the blessed Virgin, the angels and archangels, and all holy orders of blessed spirits, all holy patriarchs and prophets, apostles and martyrs, confessors and virgins, and all the blessed company of heaven to pray for them.

Burnet. History of the Reformation, an. 1545. LITCH-OWL. "Lic, or lich, a dead corps, whereof the unluckie night-ravens are lichfouls," See LICH. (Verstegan.)

Probably from lic-yan, to lie; as the Lat. Cadaver, from cadere, to fall.

The shrieking litch-owl that doth never cry,
But boding death, and quick herself inters
In darksome graves and hollow sepulchers.

LITE, adj. i. e. little, (qv.)

Drayton. The Owl

Literary,-pertaining to letters, (collectively,) | i. e. to learning; pursuing or devoted to learning, to learned studies.

Literator,-used by Burke contumeliously, as in Latin;-pretenders to Literature.

In youthe a maister had this emperour
To techen him lettrure and curtesie.

Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,415. When God sayd, out of Egipt cauled I my sonne, which although it were literally fulfilled in the childre of Israel whe he brought them out [of] Egipt with great power and wonders, yet was it also ment & verified in Christ hymselfe, his very spirituall sonne, which was cauled out of Egipt after ye death of Herod.-Fryth. Workes, p. 120.

It hath but one simple litterall sense whose light the owles can not abide.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 1.

Howe happye are we Englishme of such a king, in whose childehood appeareth as perfeict grace, vertue, godly zele, desire of literature, grauitie, prudéce, iustice, & magnanimitie, as has heretofore been found in kings of most mature age, of ful discreció, of auncient reigne, and of passing high estimacion.-Udal. Paraphrase, Pref. p. 2.

And if none of these considerations, with all their weight and gravity, can avail to the dispossessing him of his precious literalism, let some one or other entreat him but to read on in the same 19th of Matthew, till he come to that place that says, some make themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake. And if then he please to make use of Origen's knife, he may do well to be his own carver. Millon. Doct. and Disc. of Divorce, b. ii. c. 17.

Let the extreme literalist sit down now, and revolve whether this in all necessity be not the due result of our Saviour's word.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 20.

Let those who are still bent to hold this obstinate lilerality, so prepare themselves, as to share in the account for all these transgressions, when it shall be demanded at the last day, by one who will scan and shift things with more than a literal wisdom of equity.-Id. Ib. b. i. c. 14.

How wild a paradox it is to tie those frequent and large promises of the prophets made to Judah and Israel, Zion and Jerusalem, to a carnal literality of sense; and to make account of their accomplishment accordingly.

Bp. Hall. The Revelation Unrevealed, § 15.

It can admit neither distinction, nor other construction than the words bear literally.

Ralegh. History of the World, b. i. c. 7. s. 15. Surely this is the proper function of literate elegancy, to figure vertue in so lively and fresh colours, that our imagination may be so taken with the beauty of vertue, as it may invite our mindes to make love to her in solitude.

Mountague. Devoute Essayes, pt. i. Treat. 19. s. 3.

In the daies of this Gregorie also, there liued that famous clearke, John Scot, a Scotishman indeed borne, but brought vp in studie of good literature at Athens.

Holinshed. History of Scotland. Gregorie, an. 893. The common way which we have taken, is not a literal translation, but a kind of paraphrase, or somewhat which is yet more loose, betwixt a paraphrase and imitation. Dryden. Juvenal, Ded. How dangerous it is in sensible things to use metaphorical expressions unto the people, and what absurd conceits they will swallow in their literals!!

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 10.

With these, and some akin to these,
The living few who grace our days,
I live in literary ease,
My chief delight their taste to please
With soft and unaffected lays.

Cooper. The Retreat of Aristippus, Epist. 1. Lord Bacon was the first person who took this comprehensive view of the different departments of study; and who pointed out to all the classes of literary men, the great end to which their labours should conspire; the multiplication of the sources of human enjoyment, and the extension of man's dominion over nature.

Stewart. Of the Human Mind, pt. ii. s. 2. Introd. They teach the people, that the debauchers of virgins, almost in the arms of their parents, may be safe inmates in their houses, and even fit guardians of the honour of those husbands who succeed legally to the office which the young literators had pre-occupied, without asking leave of law or conscience.-Burke. Let. to a Member of the Nat. Assembly.

They systematically corrupt a very corruptible race, (for some time a growing nuisance amongst you) a set of pert, petulant, literators, to whom, instead of their proper, but severe, unostentatious duties, they assign the brilliant part of men of wit and pleasure, of gay, young, military sparks, and danglers at toilets.-Id. Ib.

Our descendants may possibly contemplate with equal ridicule and surprise, the preposterous partiality which the present age has shown to the frippery and the tinsel of French literature.-Eustace. Italy, vol. ii. c. 10.

To strive or contend; to carry on a strife of contest, (sc. by suit at law;) to dispute at law or in courts of law.

Of which letigious famelies

Heer mapped be the lines,
Euen till the heire of these two heires
Both stockes in one combines.

Warner. Albion's England, b. vi. c. 32
Ah! how perverse and froward is mankinde!
Faction in Courts does us to rage excite :
The rich in cities we litigious find,

And in the field th' ambitious make us fight. Davenant. Gondibert, b. i. e. 1 The cast litigant sits not down with one cross verdict bu recommences his suit.-Decay of Christian Piety.

LITHERNESS.

LITHERLY.

And,

For he [the god of love] may do all that he devise may And lithy folk to destroyen vice. Id. The Cuckow & Nightingale. "Nay, therof care you not," quod Nicholas : A clerk had litherly beset his wile, But if he coude a carpenter begile.

Id. The Milleres Tale, v. 3300. And euery stede Whiche shulde stonde vpon the feithe, And to this cause an eare leithe Astonyed is of the quarele.-Gower. Con. A. Prol. And lewde lither losill that liste not to ryse maye lye styll in his bedde.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 509.

And that some man after the maner of Christ had leyther feede of fishe, then fine brothe.-Barnes. Workes, p. 374. But my learning is of an other degree, To taunt theim like tiddrous, lewde as thei bee.

Skelton. Selaunder & False Detractions, &c. She instilleth in the inhabitants a drowsie lithernesse to withdraw them from the insearching of hir hourded and hidden jewels-Holinshed. Description of Ireland, c. 4.

The Earle of March sent for the forenamed Thomas, and told him that he had mistaken his marks, in prophesieng of anie such notable tempest as he had spoken of the night before, considering it prooved as lithe a daie, without appearance of anie tempest to insue.

Id. History of Scotland. Alexander.

His dewelap as lythe as lasse of Kent.

Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. Februarie. Two Talbots winged through the lither skie, In thy despight shall scape mortalitie.

Shakespeare. 1 Pt. Hen. VI. Act iv. sc. 7. He [the dwarf] was waspish, arch, and lither lie, But well Lord Cranstoun served he.

Scoll. Lay of the Last Minstrel, c. 2. LITHOMANCY. Fr. Lithomantie; Gr. Atoos, a stone, and μavтeverdaι, to prophecy, or predict. As strange must be the lithomancy, or divination, from this stone, whereby Helenus the prophet foretold the destruction of Troy.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 3.

LITHO TOMY. Į Gr. Λιθοτομία, from, λίθος, LITHO TOMIST. Ja stone, and Teμve, to cut. This party being troubled with a very great stone in his bladder, and having had it searched by divers lithotomists, before he came to the Spaw, did, by very copiously drinking these waters, find, by a second search made by those artists, that this stone was much diminished the past year. Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 198. Fr. Litiger; It. Litigare; Sp. Litigar; Lat. Litigare, from lis, litis, strife; which Vossius thinks formed from elis, and that from the Gr.

LITIGATE, v.
LITIGANT.
LITIGATION.
LITIGIOUS.
LITIGIOUSNESS.

Epis, of the same signification.

Judicial acts are all those writings and matters which the instance of one or both of the parties litigant.

Ayliffe. Parergon

They view'd the ground of Rome's litigious hall:
Once oxen low'd, where now the lawyers bawl.

Dryden. Virgil. Eneis, b. viii
Dar'st thou still litigate thy desperate cause,
Spite of these numerous awful witnesses,
And doubt the deposition of the skies.

Young. Complaint, Night 9 Nothing quells a spirit of litigation like despair of success therefore nothing so completely puts an end to law-suits, a a rigid adherence to known rules of adjudication.

Paley. Moral Philosophy, b. vi. c.

But if two presentations be offered to the bishop upon th same avoidance, the church is then said to become litigious and, if nothing farther be done, the bishop may suspend th admission of either, and suffer a lapse to incur.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 10

Here it would be dangerous to have the passion of lit giousness; this supposes a violent desire of obtaining justice a strong aversion, a hurry of mind, and an obstinacy in pur suing revenge.-Montesquieu. Spirit of Laws, b. vi. c. 2.

LITTER, v. Fr. Lictière; It. Lettiera, let LITTER, n. Stiga; Sp. Litera; from th Lat. Lectus, a bed or couch. A litter on whic persons are carried. Litter for horses, a bed, (sc. of straw, and hence applied to the straw.

To litter, to strew a bed; to scatter straw; t be brought to bed, (sc.) to be in the straw.

A litter of pigs, the number thus brough forth and so, of kittens, &c.

A litter, a scattering, (sc.) of straw, and ther generally, a scattering; a sluttish or sloveni scattering.

To litter, to make such strewing or scattering They shall brynge all your brethren for an offerynge vn the Lorde, oute of all people, vpon horses, charettes, ar horse lytters.-Bible, 1551. Isaiah, c. 46.

And he [Laban] brought lytter and prouander for t camels.-Id. Genesis, c. 24.

In littour laid, they led him unkouth wayes.

Vncertaine Auctors. Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Deat Mene. I wold they were barbarians, as they are, Though in Rome litter'd: not Romans, as they are not Though calued i' th' porch o' th' Capitole.

Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act iii. sc.

From hence
Rid is the country justice, whose non-sence
Corrupted had the language of the inne,
Where he and his horse litter'd.

Habington. Castara, pt. ii. To Mr. E.

I haue ore-heard a plot of death vpon him
There is a litter ready, lay him in't
And driue toward Douer friend.

Shakespeare. Lear, Act iii. sc.

I doe heere walke before thee, like a sow, that hath o' whelm'd all her litter, but one. Id. 2 Pt. Hen. IV. Act i. sc.

Where they found
The room with volumes litter'd round.
When a wood
Of litters thick besiege the donor's gate.

Swift. Cadenus & Vaness

Dryden. Juvenal, Sat.

Profusion, unrestrain'd, with all that's base
In character, has litter'd all the land,
And bred, within the mem'ry of no few,
A priesthood, such as Baal's was of old,

A people, such as never was till now.-Cowper, Task. b.
Then to their roots

The light soil gently move, and strew around
Old leaves or litter'd straw, to screen from heat
The tender infants.
Dodsley. Agriculture, c.

On beds and litters o'er the margin laid
The dying lift their hollow eyes, and crave
Some pitying hand to hurl them in the wave.
Mickle. The Lusiad, b.

In the sow, the bitch, the rabbit, the cat, the rat, which have numerous litters, the paps are numerous, and are dissed along the whole length of the belly; in the cow and are they are few.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 14. LITTLE, adj. LITTLE, n. LITTLENESS.

The diminutive of Lite, in A. S. Lyt, lyte; Goth. Leitel; A. S. Lytel; Dut. Luttel; Ger. Litzel; Sw. Lyten. Skinner thinks from lith, a member, a part, quia, (sc.) pars est minor toto, because part is less or smaller than the whole. The diminutive termination el, is considered by Tooke to be (dle) the A. S. Dal, a deal or part.

A little, a small part, or portion, or degree; a all matter.

Little, adj.-small, diminutive; (met.) trifling, considerable, mean. Litling, (Chaucer,)—very Latte, (Tyrwhitt.)

A listelle harenesse hathe chaunged some what his colour.
R. Gloucester, p. 481.
The kyngdom of Westsex, he sais, it was not litelle.
R. Brunne, p. 8.
Ect what seest thou a litil mote in the yghe of thi brothir,
and seest not a beem in thin owne yghe?

(sc.) to breathe; in a state of animation, of existence; to be or have being, to exist, (here

To gain or procure, to use, employ, manage, or conduct the means of life; or that which supports or maintains life.

To be in a state of action or motion, of growth or increase, animal or vegetable.

Life, the noun, is opposed to death: it also is applied

I upon my frontiers here

Keep residence; if all I can will serve

A trying by a love of littlenesse
I make abridgements, and to draw to lesse,
Even that nothing, which at first we were.

Donne. Letter to the Countess of Salisbury, (1614.)

I confess, I love littleness almost in all things, a little venient estate, a little cheerful house, a little company, a very little feast.-Cowley. Ess. Of Greatness. From such wise and prudent men (conceited of their little toms, and doting upon their own fancies) God did conthose heavenly mysteries; which they would have despised and derided.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 41.

These [evils] fate ordains, and heav'ns high will hath sent
In humble littleness submit content.
But those thy folly brings in time prevent.

Somervile, Fab. 8.

beings.

Life is much used-prefixed.

The Scottes seide, that that lond nolde not y now be
To hem bothe to lyue bi, as heo mygte y se.
R. Gloucester, p. 41.
And gef he mygte libbe lenger, he nolde drede nogt.
Id. p. 123.

That ende heo founden al bare. heo bi leuede there
And swonke and tilede here lyflode and al maistres were.
Heo fonden hem sustynance y now and lyueden thus
forth.

The Brytones in tho South half, and heo in the North.
Id. Ib.

"Myn heye Godes," quoth this mayde, [Gornorille,] "to wytnesse I take echon,

That y loue more in myn herte thi leue bodi one,
Than myn soule and my lyf, that in my bodi ys."
Id. p. 30.

For he seide, "thou ne louest me nougt as thi sostren doth,

Ac despisest me in myn olde liue.-Id. p. 31.

That to the Kyng Egbriht alle were thei gyuen
For ther heritage ther to die or lyuen.-R. Brunne, p. 27.
He brouht hir Inglond, & sithen lyued tuo gere.
Id. p. 20.

Foure & tuenty gere was he kyng, & thorgh no folie
Neuer in his lyue a fote of londe he les.-Id. p. 27
About the xxi yere [of Henry I.] there was a great coun-
lyuynge of Preestes to be done by the Kinges officers.
Id. p. 107. Note.

So that if the liturgies of all ancient churches throughout the world be compared amongst themselves, it may easily be perceived that they had one originall mold, and that the ke prayers of the people of God in churches throughly et led, did neuer vse to be voluntarie dictates, proceeding any man's extemporall wit.

Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 25. A. Yes the time is taken up with a tedious number of argical tautologies and impertinences.

Milton. Animad. upon Remonstrants' Defence. Surely he will own her in the use of the words he comanded, and make her passage easy from her liturgies here, thase above, where they rest not day and night, saying, , Holy, Holy, Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, at is to come.-Comber. Hist. of Liturgies, c. 9. s. 4. The like may be said of Saint James, if he (as the Roman arth doth in its liturgicks suppose) were an apostle.

Barrow. Of the Pope's Supremacy. Liturgies, or preconcerted forms of public devotion, being Der enjoined in scripture nor forbidden, there can be no 2d reason for either receiving or rejecting them, but that dexpediency.-Paley. Moral Philosophy, b. v. c. 5. At all liturgie pray'r and praise it storms, As man's inventions, spirit-quenching forms.

Byrom. Expostulation with a Sectarist.

The Te Deum, Benedictus. Magnificat, Jubilate, Nunc Taittis, and the rest of the liturgic hymns, were supposed be contaminated by their long and ancient connection Fit the Roman missal.

Warton. History of English Poetry, vol. iii. s. 27.

Home for to wend to childe & to wife,
To visitte ther londes, to solace ther life.-Id. p. 4.
And haven leve to lye. al hure lyf-tyme.

Piers Plouhman, p. 3. Whiche answeride & seide to him, it is writen not oonly in breed lyveth a man, but in eche word that cometh of Goddis mouth.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 4.

He answered & sayd; it is writte, man shal not lyue by bread onely, but by eury worde that proceedeth oute of the mouth of God.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Blessid be God and the fadir of oure Lord Jesus Crist which bi his greet merci bigat us agen into lyuynge hope bi the agenrysing of Jesus Crist fro deeth.-Wiclif. Ĭ Pet. c. 1.

Blessed be God the father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which thorow his abundant mercy begat vs againe vnto a liuelye hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christe frō deathe. Bible, 1551. Ib. Thei that soughten the lyfe of the ben deed. Wiclif. Matthew, c. 2. For they are deade which sought the childes life. Bible, 1551. Ib.

She was a worthy woman all hire live.

Chaucer. Canterbury Tales, Prol. v. 461. "But God wot, quod the senatour also, "So vertuous a liver in all my lif

Ne saw I neuer."-Id. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 5444.

Breaking thy veines and thy life-stringes wt like pain & grief.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 77.

The iuyce of it [Loue in Idlenesse] on sleeping eye-lids laid,

Will make or man or woman madly dote
Vpon the next liue creature that it sees.

Shakespeare. Midsummer Night's Dream, Act ii. sc. 2.
Behold me then, me for him, life for life,
I offer, on me let thine anger fall;
Account me Man.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iii.

Id. Ib. b. viii.

Who stooping op'n'd my left side, and took From thence a rib, with cordial spirits warm, And life-blood streaming fresh. foot all the most sacred and life-blood Laws, Statutes, and [These devout prelates] set at nought and trample under Acts of Parliament.-Id. Of Reformation in England, b. ii.

And to the brain, the soul's bed-chamber, went,
And gnaw'd the life-cords there.

Donne. The Progress of the Soul.
Like lyfeful heat to numned senses brought,
And life to feele that long for death had sought.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 11.
Nigh his wits end then woxe th' amazed knight,
And thought his labour lost, and travell vayne
Against this lifelesse shadow so to fight.
Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 11.

The living hart where laie ingraven the care of countre deere,

To countrie liueless is restor'd and lies ingrauen here.

Holinshed. Chron. of Ireland. Epit. on the Earl of Ormond, an. 1546.

I meane liuelie creatures shut vp in the hard stones, and lving there without respiration or breathing, as frogs, todes, &c.-Id. Description of England, b. iii. c. 9.

My lord, saith he, was never worthy man
So nobly bred, and of so high descent,
Of so fair livelihood, and so large reut.

Drayton. The Owle. Although he were somewhat grosse bellied, yet by reason of a certaine liueliness which was in him, he couered that fault.-Holinshed. The Conquest of Ireland, c. 9. Hadst thou not told me, I should surely say, He toucht no meat of all this live-long day.

Bp. Hall, b. iii. Sat. 7. Why was not I a liver in the woods, Or citizen of Thetis' crystal floods.

Drummond, pt. i. Son. 26. [Cethegus] at that time bare all the sway and rule at Rome, because he spake and did all that pleased the common people, being a vicious liver, and dissolutely given. North. Plutarch, p. 424.

For us, let him enjoy all that God sends,
Plenty of flesh, of livings, and of friends.

Corbet. Iter Boreale.

It is the air the whole animal world breathes and liveth

by; not only the animals inhabiting the earth and air, but

those of the waters too. Without it most animals live scarce half a minute, and others, that are the most accustomed to the want of it, live not without it many days.

Derham. Physico-Theology, b. i. c. 1.

Our lives, says he, [Seneca,] are spent either in doing nothing to the purpose, or in doing nothing that we ought to do.-Spectator, No. 93.

Thus the balance of the animal world is throughout all ages kept even, and by a curious harmony, and just proportion between the increase of all animals, and the length of their lives, the world is through all ages well, but not over-stored. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. iv. c. 10. Thus in bold numbers did th' adventurous Muse To sing the lifeless parts of Nature choose.

Blackmore. The Creation, b vii. Money, the life-blood of the nation, Corrupts and stagnates in the veins, Unless a proper circulation

Its motion and its heat maintains.

Swift. The Run upon the Bankers, (1720.)

He [Crassus] was able, by means of his riches alone, to counterbalance during his life-time the power of Pompey as well as that of Cæsar, who afterwards became master of the world.-Hume, pt. i. Ess. 7.

Statues finished the lifeless spot with mimic representations of the excluded sons of men.

Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iv. c. 7. But swift behind these wintry daies of woe A spring of joy arose in liveliest glow.

Mickle. Luciad, b. vii. Mr. Locke has already observed, that intuitive is clearer and more certain than demonstrative knowledge; and this in as far as they differ is unquestionably true; that which is immediately before the senses, impresses us always with the most lively conviction.

Beddoes. Observations on Mathematical Evidence.

Every person knows how faint the conception is which we form of any thing, with our eyes open, in comparison of what we can form with our eyes shut: and that in proportion as we can suspend the exercise of all our other senses, the liveliness of our conception increases.

Stewart. Of the Human Mind, pt. i. c. 5. s. 5.

LIVER, n. A. S. Lufer; Dut. Lever; Ger. Leb-er; Sw. Lef-wer; from the A. S. Lyf-ian; Dut. Lev-en; Ger. Leb-en; Sw. Lef-wa, to live: because of so great importance to life or animal vitality, (Skinner and Kilian.) And see Ihre and Wachter.

Have I nat of a capon but the liver.

Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7421. Next followeth the liver, which lyeth on the right side. In that which is called the head of the liver, much variety and difference there is.-Holland. Plinie, b. xi. c. 25.

Demon, my friend, once liver-sicke of love, Thus learn'd I by the signes his grief remove. Bp. Hall, b. ii. Sat. 7. The ruthless falchion op'd his tender side, The panting liver pours a flood of gore, That drowns his bosom till he pants no more. Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xx. The liver is fastened in the body by two ligaments; the first, which is large and strong, comes from the covering of the diaphragm, and penetrates the substance of the liver; the second is the umbilical vein which, after birth, degenerates into a ligament.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 11.

LIVERY, n. Fr. Livrée; It. Livrea; Sp. LIVERY, V. Librea; Low Lat. Liberatio; (see in Spelman ;) from the Fr. Livrer, to deliver: to the origin of this word (says Junius) these words of Chaucer allude: that is the conisance of my livery, to all my servants delivered." And see the quotation from Spenser. Livery formerly denoted,

The clothes, and food also, delivered and distributed by masters to their servants; now, to the clothes or marks upon the clothes, by which the servants of one master may be distinguished from those of another. More generally, the clothing, garb, or dress. To livery,

To clothe or deck in livery; to clothe or deck. The liverymen of London are those freemen who are entitled to wear the livery of their respective companies.

To London for to com, whan parlement suld be,
Als custom was wonne & tak ther his liuere.

An Haberdasher, and a Carpenter,

A Webbe, a Deyer, and a Tapiser,
Were all yclothed in o livere,
Of a solempne and grete fraternite.

R. Brunne, p. 146.

Chaucer. Prologue, v. 365. The Spring, the Sommer, The childing Autumne, angry Winter change Their wonted liueries.

Shakespeare. Midsummer Night's Dream, Act ii. sc. 2.

So dear to Heaven is saintly Chastity,
That, when a soul is found sincerely so,

A thousand liveried angels lackey her.-Milton. Comus. We doing it to one who bears his name, and weares his livery, (for the poor man's rags are badges of his relation unto God) he thereby judges, that we have little goodwill, little respect, little compassion toward himself.

Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 31. The garden, which before he had not seen, In Spring's new livery clad of white and green. Dryden. Palamon & Arcite. Our youth, all livery'd o'er with foreign gold, Before her dance.

Pope. Epilogue to the Satires. At once the clouds assume Their gayest liveries; these with silvery beams Fring'd lovely, splendid those in liquid gold.

Mallet. The Excursion, c. 1.

LIVERY, i.e. Delivery, (qv.) See the quo- exceading good.—Bible, 1551. Gen. c. 1.

And God behelde al that he had made, and loo, they wer

tation from Blackstone.

Therefore inclyning to his goodly reason,
Agreeing well both with the place and season,
She gladly did of that same babe accept,
As of her owne by liverey and seisin.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 4. And to the end the Romanes might know that the Gaules were not well pleased for the injury they had received; to have an honest colour to begin wars with the Romanes, he sent an Herald before to Rome to demand livery of the man that had offended him, that he might punish him accordingly.-North. Plutarch, p. 120.

What livery is, wee by common use in England knew well enough, namely, that it is allowance of horse-meate, as they commonly use the word in stabling, as to keepe horses at livery:-the which word I guesse, is derived of livering or delivering forth their nightly foode. So in great houses the livery is said to be served up for all night, that is, their evenings allowance for drinke. And livery is also called, the upper weede which a serving man weareth, so called (as I suppose) for that it was delivered and taken from him at pleasure.-Spenser. On Ireland.

I am denyde to sue my liuerie here,
And yet my letters patents giue me leaue.

Shakespeare. Rich. II. Act i. sc. 2.

Our little Cupid hath sued livery
And is no more in his minority.

Donne. Eclogue, Dec. 26, 1613. This livery of seisin is no other than the pure feodal investiture, or delivery of corporeal possession of the land or tenement, which was held absolutely necessary to complete the donation.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 20.

When the male heir arrived at the age of twenty-one, or the heir female to that of sixteen, they might sue out their livery, or ousterlemain, that is, the delivery of their lands out of their guardian's hands.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 5.

LIVID. LIVIDNESS. LIVIDITY.

}

When loc a wonder strange!

Of every beast and bird, and insects small
Came seavens, and pairs, and enter'd in, as taught
Their order.

}

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. xi.

LOAD, v. A. S. Hlad-an; Dut. and Ger LOAD, n. Lad-en; Sw. Ladda, onerare ᏞᎪᎠᎬᎡ. from the Goth. Lag-yan, A. S Lecg-an, ponere, to lay; "the participle lag-ed, o lag'd, (dismissing the sound of the g,) becomes la (a broad) or load; and though weight is subaud and therefore implied in the word load, yet weigh is not load, until cuivis impositum," (Tooke.) Se LADE.

To lay or put on, to impose (a weight o burden); to put in, to take in, that which is t be borne or carried, (sc.) the cargo, the freight the charge; to burthen; to oppress.

Of stre first ther was laied many a lode.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2919 But whan he might suche a lode

To towne with his asse carie.-Gower. Con. A. b. v. I haue lien streaking me like a lubber, when the sunn did shine, and now I striue all in vaine to lode the cart whe it raineth.-Gascoigne. To Lord Gray of Willon.

The army which besieged it (consisting of Catti, Vsip and Matiaci) was alreadie departed away loaden with spoile Savile. Tacitus. Historie, p. 15

Thus my lorde continued at Asher vntill Candlema against which feast the king caused to be sent to my i three or foure cart lodes of stuffe, as bedding, &c. Slow. Hen. VIII. an. 1521 The Frenchman did it out of covetousness, that so tw Fuller. Worthies. Cornwal

Fr. Livide, lividité; It. Livido, loaders might bring double grist to his mill. lividezza; Lat. Lividus, (of unknown etymology,) the same, says Vossius, as plumbeus, leaden. Fr. Lividité,

Lividity, the colour appearing upon a stroake, black and blue; a dead, earthy, leaden hew, (Cotgrave.)

It was a pestilent feuer but as it seemeth not seated in the veynes or humors for that there followed no carbuncle, no purple or liuide spots, or the like, the masse of the bodie being not tainted.-Bacon. Hen. VII. p. 9.

May the clouds frown, and livid poisons breathe,
And stain heaven's azure with the shade of death.
Pitt. Job, c. 3.
Cut you through this livid or black escar, and put in a pea

in the middle of it.-Wiseman. Surgery, b. vi. c. 1.

The signs of a tendency to such a state [the atrabilarian] are darkness or lividity of the countenance, dryness of the skin, &c.-Arbuthnot. "On Aliments, c. 6. s. 28.

He [Benedetto] imitated his uncle's extravagantly dark shades, caught the roundness of his flesh, but with a agreeable lividness, and possessed at least as much grace and

dignity.—Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iii. c. 1.

LIXIVIAL.

LIXIVIATE. LIXI'VIATED.

Deiphobus to seize his helmet flies,
And from his temples rends the glittering prize;
Valiant as Mars, Meriones drew near,
And on his loaded arm discharg'd his spear.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xii

For look the world around

A pair so wretched is not to be found
Our life's a load; encumbred with a charge,
We long to set th' imprison'd soul at large.

Dryden. Palamon & Arcite

Every vice is a loader; but that's a ten.

Id. Juvenal, Sat. G. Arg And all that freedom's highest aim can reach Is but to lay proportion'd loads on each.

LOAF.

Goldsmith. The Travelle

Ger. Laib, leib; Sw. Lef; A. S. Hla (a broad,) the past part. of hlif-ian, to raise; i Mæso-Goth. Hlaibs, the past part. of hleib-yan, t dis-raise, to lift up; after the bread or brayed grai has been wetted, (by which it becomes dough. then follows the leaven, by which it becomes loa (i. e. raised.) (See Tooke, ii. 157.) The Gel Laib, leib, shows its immediate descent from th Maso-Goth., and the Sw. Lef from the A. S Loaf is,

See ELIXATE. Statuo, (says Vossius,) voce lix aquam vocari, indeque cinerem dici lixivium qui aquâ est percolatus, quomodo cibus dicitur elixus, qui in aquâ est coctus. See LIE, n.

The lixivial, of which the two former are produced, sometimes shoot on the sides of the glass, like the brushy end of the plant called equisetum.

Grew. Cosmo. Sacra, b. i. c. 3. s. 29. Helmont has ingeniously conjectured, that these lixivial salts do not pre-exist in their alcalizate form in the bodies that afford them, but are productions of the fire. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 599. The fixed nitre is of an alcalizate nature and participates the qualities belonging generally to lixiviate salts. Id. Ib. p. 370. LIZARD. Fr. Lézard; It. Luzardo, lucerta; Sp. Lazarto; Lat. Lacerta; so called because its limbs resemble the arms (lacertos) of man.

And these are also vncleane to you amonge the thingis that crepe vpon ye erth: the hedge hogge stellio, the licerte, the snayle, & the moule.-Bible, 1551. Leuiticus, c. 11. Their softest touch, as smart as lyzards' stings. Shakespeare. 2 Pt. Hen. VI. Act iii. sc. 2. As lizards shunning light, a darke retreat Have found in combs, and undermin'd the seat. Dryden. Virgil, Georg. 4. LO. The imperative of look. So (adds Tooke) the common people say corruptly, "Lo' you there La' you there." Look-see, behold, observe, mark.

now."

A raised mass of bread, of sugar, &c.

In his tyme was gret deorthe:
xii. d. an half peny loof was worthe.

R. Gloucester, p. 589. Ap

And some tyme bothe A loof other alf a loof, other a lompe of chese. Piers Plouhman, p. 15 Thanne Jhesus was led of a spirit into desert, to temptid of the feend. And whaune he hadde fastid four daies, and fourti nights, aftirwarde he hungride. And th tempter came nigh & seide to him, yf thou art Godis son seye that these stones be maad loaves.-Wiclif. Matt. c. 4 Your captaine is braue, and vows reformation. The shall be in England, seven half-penny loaues sold for a pen Shakespeare. 2 Pt. Hen. VI. Act iv. sc. Why Shylock wants a meal, the cause is found; He thinks a loaf will rise to fifty pound. Pope. Moral Essays, Epist.