call in a fairer and less interested guide? Doubtless it will: and therefore the poet, with the utmost propriety, adds (from line 419 to 450) as a necessary part of his instructive monitions, some directions concerning the choice of a prudent and sincere friend, whose unbiassed sense might at all times correct the prejudices, indiscretions, and oversights, of the author. And to impress this necessary care with greater force, on the individual whom he addresses, he closes the whole with shewing the dreadful consequences of being imposed upon in so nice an affair; representing, in all the strength of colouring, the picture of a bad poet, infatuated, to a degree of madness, by a fond conceit of his own works, and exposed thereby (so important had been the service of timely advice) to the contempt and scorn of the public.

420. Assentatores jubet ad lucrum ire poeta, &c. Supply sic, or ita, before assentatores. Faithful friends, as has already been stated in the preceding note, are necessary in order to apprise poets of their errors. Such friends, however, are difficult to be obtained by rich and powerful bards. Horace very justly compares a wealthy poet to a public crier: the latter brings crowds together to buy up what is exposed for sale, the former is sure to collect around him a set of base and venal flatterers. And if he is one who gives good entertainments, and whose purse is open to the needy and unfortunate, then farewell to any means, on his part, of telling a true friend from a false one.-422. Unctum qui recte ponere possit. "Who can entertain a guest well," i. e. who can give a good entertainment. Ponere refers literally to the disposing of the guests on the couches in the banqueting-room. Unctum is equivalent here to convivam, and alludes to the custom of perfuming before lying down to an enter tainment.-423. Et spondere levi pro paupere. And become security for a poor man, who has little credit of his own." As regards the force of levi, compare the explanation of Döring: Levi: levioris fidei apud creditorem, quia pauper, quod pignori det, non habet.” "Vexatious." Equivalent to misere vexantibus,—-425. Beatus. Our wealthy

--Atris. bard."

"

426 Donaris. For donaveris. The poet advises the elder Piso never to read his verses to a person on whom he has bestowed any present, or who expects to receive one from him. A venal friend cannot be a good critic; he will not speak his mind freely to his patron, but, like a corrupt judge, will betray truth and justice for the sake of interest.—429. Super his. Equivalent to insuper, or praeterea. Compare the Greek form of expression, pòs TOUTOS.-Etiam stillabit amicis ex oculis rorem. "He will even cause the dew to fall drop by drop from his friendly eyes." Rorem is here put for lacrymas by a pleasing figure. Compare Ovid, Met. 14, 708, where the joint expression occurs, “madidas lacrymarum rore coronas."——431. Ut quae conductae plorant in funere. "As the mourning-women, whe being hired, lament at funerals," i. e. who are hired to lament at funerals. These were the praeficae, who were hired to sing the funeral-song, or the praises of the deceased, and to ment his departure. (Compare Kirchm. de Fun. Rom. 2. 6.) The etymology of their name is given as follows by Festus: "Praeficae dicuntur mulieres ad lamentandum mortuum (ductae, quae dant caeteris medum plangendi quasi in hoc ipsum praefectae."—432. Doleibus ex animo. "Than those who grieve from their hearts," i. e. who sincerely grieve.—Sic derisor vero plus laudatore movetur. “So the flatterer, who laughs at us in his sleeve, is to all appearance more wrought upon than he who praises in sincerity."

436. Et torquere mero. "And to put to the rack with wine." A bold and beautiful expression. Wine racks the heart and draws forth all its hidden feelings, as the torture racks the frame of the sufferer, and forces from him the secrets of his breast.-437. Animi sub vulpe latentes. "Minds lying hid beneath the fox's skin." Alluding to deceitful and crafty flatterers.438. Quintilio. Quintilius Varus, to whom Horace addressed the 18th ode of the first book, and whose death he laments in the 24th ode of the same. pare Explanatory Notes, Serm. 1.9. 41.--439. Negares. Supply si.-441. Male tornatos

-Sodes. Com

Versus.

Thy badly-polished verses." We have already touched upon this point in the Various Readings. The matter in dispute is, whether the tornus was ever used in working on metals; since, if this be not so, tornatos will clash with incudi. Fea's authority, on this subject, is entitled to great attention, and in the following remarks he would seem to have come to a very positive conclusion in favour of the common reading. "Gesnerus et Wetzel respondent (Bentleio): etsi non constet, veteres torno metalla elaborasse ; id tamen omnino credendum, argumento ab aliis materiis ducto. Recte id quidem: at nos addimus, certo id Romae constare passim ex antiquis monumentis, quae e terra identidem profert in apricum aetas, sire in auro, sive in argento, sive in aere, orichalco, aut ferro, torno expolitis. Praeter caetera instrumenta, quae videmus passim, praecipue ex argento, et aere, anno praelerito MDCCCX prae manibus habui parvum craterem argenteum hujusmodi, forte aevi Horatiani, affabre elaboratum, ac paene recentem e manu artificis; cum inscriptione inferne punctis eminentibus expressa : M. NOVI. P. IIS :: S." &c. The critic then goes on to refer to Vitruvius, 10. 12. and Symmachus 1. ep. 4. in support of the position that the tornus was used in the case of metals.

444. Sine rivali. The man who does what others are not willing to imitate, may well be said to be without a rival.-445. Vir bonus et prudens versus reprehendet inertes, &c. It particularly suited Horace's purpose to paint the severe and rigid judge of composition. Pope's plan admitted softer colours in his draught of a true critic: (Essay on Criticism).

"But where's the man who counsel can bestow,

Still pleas'd to teach, and yet not proud to know?

Unbiass'd or by favour, or by spite,

Not dully prepossess'd, nor blindly right;

Though learn'd, well-bred; and though well-bred, sincere;

Modestly bold, and humanly severe;

Who to a friend his faults can freely show,

And gladly praise the merit of a foe?

Blest with a taste exact, yet unconfin'd;

A knowledge both of books and human kind ;
Gen'rous converse; a soul exempt from pride;
And love to praise with reason on his side ?"

446. Incomtis allinet atrum, &c. "To those that are badly wrought he will affix a black mark, by drawing his pen across them."-447. Calamo. Compare Explanatory Notes, Serm. 2. 3. 7.-450. Aristarchus. A celebrated grammarian of antiquity, famed for his critical power, and for his impartiality as a judge of literary merit: Hence every severe critic was styled an Aristarchus. Compare Lempriere's Class. Dict. Anthon's ed.—451. Hae nugae seria ducent in mala, &c. These trifles will involve in serious mischief the man who has once been made the sport of the flatterer, and has met with a cold reception from the world."

453. Ut mala quem scabies, &c. The order of construction is as follows: Qui sapiunt eum, timent tetigisse fugiuntque vesanum poelam, ut illum quem mala scabies, &c.Mala scabies. "A leprosy."- -Morbus regius. "The jaundice." So called because the patient must live delicately and like a king or wealthy person. Thus, Celsus, 3. 24. remarks: "Per omne vero tempus utendum est exercitatione, frictione; si hiems est, balneo; si aestas, frigidis natationibus: lecto etiam, et conclavi cultiore, lusu, joco, ludis, lascivia, per quae mens exhilaretur : ob quae regius morbus dictus videtur." Varro, as cited by Pliny (H. N. 22. 24.), makes the name to have arisen from the circumstance of mulsum, or honied wine, forming a part of the patient's diet; this drink being confined to the tables of the rich.—456. Agitant. "Worry him."--457. Sublimis. "With head erect."--459. Longum. "In lengthened tone." -462. Prudens. "Of his own accord."- -465. Empedocles. This story about Empedocles is rejected as fictitious by Strabo and other writers. For some account of the indi

vidual himself, compare Lempriere's Class. Dict. Anthon's ed.-Frigidus. “In cold blood," i. e. deliberately. Horace, by playing on the words ardentem frigidus, would show, remarks Francis, that he did not believe the story, and told it as one of the traditions which poets may use without being obliged to vouch for the truth of them. The pleasantry continues when he says, it is murder to hinder a poet from killing himself.

467. Idem facit occidenti. “Does the same thing with one that kills him,” i. e. does the same as kill him. Occidenti is put by a Graecism for cum occidente, or, more elegantly, ac occidens. Compare the Greek form of expression, rò autò moleĩ Tộ Kreivovri.--468. Ne smel hoc fecit. "Neither is it the first time that he has acted thus." i. e. he has done this before and will do it again."-469. Homo. "A reasonable being," i. e. a person of sane mind.470. Cur versus factilet. "Why he is all the time making verses." -Utram minxerit in patrios cineres. "Whether he has defiled his father's ashes." The dead and their graves were ever held sacred and inviolable among all nations; especially those of near relations. The meaning then (of the whole clause will be this: Whether he has been visited with madness from heaven for some great enormity, or not, one thing at least is eertain, that he is quite beside himself and perfectly insane.-471. An triste bidental moverit incestus. "Or with unhallowed hands has disturbed some sad bidental." The bidental was a place that had been struck with lightning, and afterwards expiated by the erection of an altar, and the sacrifice of sheep, hostiis bidentibus; from which last circumstance it took its The removal or disturbance of this sacred monument was deemed sacrilege, and the very attempt a supposed judgment from heaven, as a punishment for some heavy crime. -472. Certe furit, ac velut ursus, &e. Compare the version of Colman :

name.

"Whate'er the cause, he raves; and like a bear,
Burst from his cage, and loose in open air,

Learn'd and unlearn'd the madman puts to flight
They quick to fly, he bitter to recite !

What hapless soul he seizes, he holds fast;
Rants, and repeats, and reads him dead at last;
Hangs on him, ne'er to quit, will ceaseless speech,
Till gorg'd and full of blood, a very leech!"

INDEX

NOMINUM PROPRIORUM.

ibid 211. heros ab Achille secundus ibid. 193.
Ajacem ibid. 187. movit forma Tecmessae
Carm. ii. 4. 5.

Ajax (Oileus). Ajacis impia rates Epod.
10. 14. Ajacem celerem sequi Carm. i. 15. 19.
Albanus Albani (sc. vini) plenus cadus
Carm. iv. 11. 2. Albanum Serm. ii. 8. 16.
Albanam uvam Serm. ii. 4. 72. Albano in
monte Epist. ii. 1. 27. Albanis agris Epist. i.
7. 10. Albanos lacus Carm. iv. 1. 19.
nas secures C. S. 54.
iii. 23. 11.

Alba-

Albanis herbis Carm.

Albinovanus (Celsus). ad eum Epist. i. 8.
Albinus. Albini filius Epist. ad Pis. 327.
Albius Tibullus. ad eum Carm. i. 33. et
Epist. i. 4.

27.

Ancus Marcius Carm. iv. 7. 15. Epist. i. 6.

Andromeda clarus Andromedae pater
Carm. iii. 29. 17.

Anio praeceps Carm. i. 7. 13.
Antenor Epist. i. 2. 9.

Anticyra Anticyram Serm. ii. 3. 83. et 166.
Anticyris tribus insanabile caput Epist, ad
Pis. 300.

Antilochus. Antilochum amabilem Cara.

i. 9. 14.

Antiochus. Antiochum ingentem Carm. -
6.36.

Antiphates. Antiphatem Epist. ad Pis. 145.
Antium gratum Carm. i. 35. 1.
Antonius ( Triumvir). Antoni amicus Serm.

Albius. Serm. i. 4. 28. Albi filius Serm. i. i. 5. 33.

4. 109.

Albunea. Albuneae resonantis domus Carm.
i. 7. 12.

Antonius Musa Epist. i. 15. 3.
Antonius (lulus). ad eum Carm. iv. 11.
Anrur impositum saxis late candentibas

Albutius. Albutî Canidia Serm. ii. 1. 48. Serm. i. 5. 26.
saevitia in servos Serm. ii. 2. 67.

Alcaeus sonans plenius plectro aureo dura
mala navis fugae et belli Carm. ii. 13. 27.
temperat Musam Archilochi pede Epist. i.
19. 29. Alcaei minaces Camenae Carm. iv.
9.7.

Alcides. Alciden Carm. i. 12. 25.
Alcinous. Alcinoi in cute curanda plus ae-
quo operata juventus Epist. i. 2. 28.
Alcon Serm. ii. 8. 15.

Alexander. Alexandri fortis vultum Epist.
ii. 1. 241. Alexandro regi Magno gratus fuit
Choerilus ibid. 232.

Alexandrea supplex Carm. iv. 14. 35.
Alfenus vafer Serm. i. 3. 130.
Algidus. Algidum C. S. 69. Algido gelido
Carm. i. 21. 6. nivali Carm. iii. 23. 9. nigrae

feraci frondis Carm. iv. 4. 58.

20.

Alphius foenerator Epod. 2. 67.
Alpinus turgidus Serm. i. 10. 36.
Alyattes. Alyattei regnum Carm. iii. 16. 41.
Amazonius. Amazonia securi Carm. iv. 4.

Amor sui caecus Carm. i. 18. 14. Amori
dare ludum Carm. iii. 12. 1. Amores Carm.
iv. 13. 9. lascivos Carm. iv. 13. 19. ii. 11. 7.
spirabat Carm. iv. 13. 19.

Amphion Thebanae conditor arcis Epist.
ad Pis. 394. fraternis putatur moribus cessis-
se Epist. i. 18. 43. movit lapides canendo
Carm. iii. 11. 2. Amphionis et Zethi Gratia

dissiluit Epist. i. 18. 41.

Amyntas Cous Epod. 12. 18.

Anacreon si quid olim lusit, non delevit ae-
tas Carm. iv. 9. 9. Anacreonta Teium Epod.
14. 10.

Anchises clarus Anchisae Venerisque san-
guis C. S. 50. Anchisen Carm. iv. 15. 31.

Anytus. Anyti reum Serm. ii. 4.3.
Apella Judaeus Serm. i. 5. 100.
Apelles. ab eo Alexander pingi voluit Epist.
ii. 1. 239.

Apenninus celsus Epod. 16. 29.

Apollo Epist. i. 16. 59. augur Carm. i. 2. 32
certus 7. 28. cantor Epist. ad Pis. 407. Palati-
nus Epist. i. 3. 17. mitis placidusque telo con
dito C. S. 34. Delius et Patareus Carm. ii. 4.
64. magnus Serm. ii. 5. 60. suscitat cithara ta-
centem Musam Carm. ii. 10. 20, sic me ser-
vavit Serm. i. 8. 78. viduus pharetra risit
Carm. i. 10. 12. Apollinis intonsi capilli
Epod. 15. 9. natalis Delos Carm. i. 21.12
Apollinem dedicatum Carm. i. 31. 1. Apol-
line Delphos insignes Carm. i. 7. 3. Dis
dignum Epist. ii. 1. 216. ad eum Carm.i.
21. 31. Carm. 4. 6.-Apollinaris laures Carm.
iv. 2.9.

Appia nimis est gravis tardis Serm. i. 5. 6.
Appiam Epod. 4. 14.

Appius Claudius Caecus censor Serm. i
6. 21. Appî via Epist. i. 6. 26. Epist. i. 18.
20.

Appulia Serm. i. 5. 77. Appuliae altricis
extra limen Carm. iii. 4. 10. siticulosae Epod.
3. 16.

4.

Appulicus. Appulicum mare Carm. iii. 2

Appulus Carm. iii. 5. 9. impiger Carm. E
16. 26. Appula gens Serm. ii. 1. 38. Appali
pernicis uxor Epod. 2. 42. Dauni Carm
14. 26. Appulo in Vulture Carm. i 4.9.
Appulis lapis Carm. i. 33, 7.

Aquinates. Aquinatem fucum Epist. i. 10.
27.

thesauri Carm. iii. 24. 2. gazae Carm. i. 29. 1.
Arabes. Arabum divitiae Epist. 7. 36.
domus plenae Carm. ii. 12. 24, Arabas Carm.
i. 35. 40. extremos Epist. i. 6.6

Arbuscula explosa Serm. i. 10. 77.
Arcadia. Arcadiae pecus et nigri colles

Carm. iv. 12. 12,

Archiacus. Archiaci lecti Epist. i. 5. 1.
Archilochus. Archilochi Musam pede tem-