Quo tener Hedymeles operas dedit: hunc tenet, hoc se 385 Quædam de numero Lamiarum ac nominis alti Sperare et fidibus promittere. Quid faceret plus 385. The Lamian family' was mentioned, iv. 154. LU. ་ High' i. e. noble ;' viii. 40. 131. R. Ov. F. iv. 305. H. cf. 607. 386. "With the usual offerings, meal and wine." G. ix. 122. PR. note on οὐλαί· Her. i. 160. Janus and Vesta were very ancient Roman deities. LU. quum in omnibus rebus vim habeant maximam prima et extrema, principem in sacrificando Janum esse voluerunt: Vestæ vis ad aras et focos pertinet; itaque in ea dea, que est rerum custos intimarum, omnis et precatio et sacrificatio extrema est; Cic. N. D. ii. 67. cf. Dion. H. ii. PR. As to Janus cf. 393. Ov. F. i. 172 sqq. Macr. S. i. 9. and on Vesta, Paus. v. 14. R. Call. H. in Cer. 129. SP. 86. Mart. IV. i. 6. VIII. lxxxii. 7. IX. iv. 8. xli. i. R. Pollio was an eminent musician: M. vii. 179. Mart. IV. lxi. 9. R. 389. Tristibus not only means if the doctors shook their heads and gave over their patient;' M. but also that the physicians would show more feeling than the unnatural mother.' R. 390. This description of the mode of consulting the arusper (ii. 121.) is very minute and accurate. Pliny says that the stated forms of prayer were observed with the most scrupulous exactness, and that a monitor (probably a minor priest) stood by the suppliant to prevent the slightest aberration. xxviii. 2. V. Max. i.l. Tertullian finely contrasts the practices of the Christians with those of their pagan adversaries: illuc suspicientes Christiani, manibus expansis, quia innocuis; capite nudo, quia non erubescimus; denique sine monitore, quia de pectore oramus! It was the custom first to touch the altar, Sil. iii. 82. standing before it with the head veiled, to prevent interruption from any ill omen; Mart. XII. lxxvii. 1 sq. Virg. Æ. iii. 405 sqq. Plut. Q. R. 2. 10. 13. Macr. S. i. 8. iii. 6. then to wheel round to the right in a circle, and also to fall down and perform adoration by kissing the hand. Suet. Vit. 2. PR. G. R. 391. A harp' for a harper.' LU. 392. Went through;' peregit; v. 122. R. or put up.' VS. Plin. xviii. 4. GRO. "And trembled, and turn'd pale, as he explored The entrails, breathless for the fatal word." G. cf. Plin. xxviii. 2. Liv. Cic. Div. i. 16. ii. 29. 32. PR. pecudum reclusis pectoribus inhians, spirantia consulit exta; Virg. Æ. iv. 63 sq. R. Dic mihi nunc, quæso, dic, antiquissime Divum, Sed cantet potius, quam totam pervolet urbem Quid Seres, quid Thraces agant: secreta novercæ Et pueri: quis amet, quis diripiatur adulter. 405 Dicet, quis viduam prægnantem fecerit et quo Mense, quibus verbis concumbat quæque, modis quot. 393. Here the poet indignantly apostrophizes the god. VS. cf. ii. 126–132. R. 394. Father' was a title of reverence used towards deities in general, but to Janus in particular. BR. Macr. S. i. 9. PR. HY, Exc. V. on Virg. Æ. vii. cf. xiii. 81. Virg. Æ. i. 155. V. Flacc. i. 11. Petron. 41. R. 'There must be many idle hours in heaven.' Juvenal here, as elsewhere, ridicules the popular mythology; DO. and, at the same time, the Epicurean notion of the quiescent leisure of the gods; Lucr. vi. 57. Hor. I S. v. 101 sqq. Sen. Ben. iv. 4. D. Laert. x. 77. but insinuates that they had better not meddle at all with human affairs, than concern themselves about such indecent follies as were now referred to them. R. 397. The soothsayer will find his legs swell, from being kept standing so constantly. Varicosus denotes having the veins swollen.' Hippocr. Aph. vi. 21. DO. Pers. v. 189. PR. Plaut. Epid. V. ii. 5. GRO. Cels. vii. 8. 17. 31. Paul. Eg. vi. 82. Avicenn. often. Cicero, (Quint. XI. iii. 143. Macr. S. ii. 5. Sidon. Ep. v. 5.) Marius, (Cic. T. Q. ii. 15. Plut. V. Mar. pr. Plin. xi. 45 s 104.) and many others suffered from this cause. R. Ov. A. A. iii. 304. H. welcome ere it comes; And wide unclasp 400. With generals in full uniform.' M. The paludamentum was the military robe of commanders when they went to put themselves at the head of their troops. LU. · 401. Looking them right in the face,' i. e. boldly;' x. 189. BY, on Hor. I Od. iii. 18. R. Strictis exposed from the dress being tightly laced round the body.' BRI Lucian. Am. 41. Mart. XIV. Ixvi. cxxxiv. 1. Cat. lxiv. 65. R. Ov. A. A. iii. 274. H. 402. Id quod in aurem rex reginæ dixerit; sciunt, quod Juno fabulata cum Jove; quæ neque futura neque facta sunt, tamen sciunt ; Plaut. Trin. I. ii. 168 sqq. CAN. Theoph. Ch. 8. Theocr. XV. 64. Mart. IX. xxxvi. R. 403. Seres. Ammian. xxiii. fin. PR. See note on ii. 66. Thraces the people of Romania.' PR. The clandestine amours.' PR. 404. Her young step-son.' LUJ. What gallant is in high request, so as to be the bone of contention among the ladies.' Mart. VII. Ixxv. 1. Sen. Br. V. 7. de Ira, iii. 23. RB. GRE. Stat. Th. v. 722. V. S. iii. 129. R. 406. Juvenal seems to have had Instantem regi Armenio Parthoque cometen Quocumque in trivio, cuicumque est obvia, narrat. 415 Exorata solet. Nam si latratibus alti Rumpuntur somni; "Fustes huc ocius" inquit before his eyes, Ov. Am. II. viii. 27 sq. R. Whether she talks Latin or Greek.' 191. GRÆ. 195. PR. 407. Mutantem regna cometen; Luc. i. 529 &c. LU. magnum terris adstare cometem; Id. VS. cometas, Græci vocant, nostra crinitas; horrentes crine sanguineo et comarum modo in vertice hispidas; &c. Plin. ii. 25 sq. stella crinita, quæ summis potestatibus exitium portendere vulgo putatur, &c. Suet. Ner. 36. Cl. 46. Cic. N. D. ii. 5 s. 14. Sen. N. Q. vii. Plut. de Pl. Phil. iii. 2. PR. Tac. A. xiv. 22. xv. 47. Virg. G. i. 488. V. Flac. v. 367. 370 sq. R. Sil. viii. 638. Armenia, the kingdom of Tigranes the ally of Mithridates, and Parthia, Pers. v. 4. were countries in the vicinity of Mount Taurus. PR. Trajan undertook an expedition against the Parthians and Armenians; and, about the same time, an earthquake occurred at Antioch and the vicinity, in which monntains subsided and rivers burst out. D. Cass. lxviii. 24 sqq. Xiph. Ixviii. 17-23. LI. LU. But if this satire was written before Trajan's reign, we should rather understand our author to be speaking of what occurred in Vespasian's reign ne in metu quidem ac periculo mortis extremo abstinuit jocis: nam quum inter prodigia cetera mausoleum Cæsarum derepente patuisset et stella in cælo crinita apparuisset; alterum ad Juliam Calvinam, e gente Augusti, pertinere dicebat, alterum ad Parthorum regem, qui capillatus esset; Suet. 23. (Both the Armenians and the Parthians wore their hair very long. HN.) After all, perhaps, Juvenal is but amusing himself with the ignorance of this tittle-tattle-monger, whom he introduces confounding what she had heard and fabricating what she had not. R. G. cf. Theoph. Ch. 8. CAS. 408. Fame,' what is generally and confidently reported; ' rumour,' what can be traced to no authority, but originates in mischief and is propagated by credulity. Quint. I. O. v. 2. R. 409. Excipit catches by lying in wait,' (Liv. ii. 4. xl. 7.) R. intercepts,' G. putting the question μ as to every one who arrives from abroad. LU. [Livy xxii, 12, 7. ED.] Ire is applied to the fierce attack of an enemy; Virg. Æ. ix. 424. Ov. F. v. 713. R. Niphates, Hor. II Od. ix. 20. Virg. G. iii. 30. is properly a mountain of Armenia, part of the Tauric chain, from which the Tigris takes its rise. Plin. v. 27. The geographers do not notice any river of this name: that which the poets mention (Luc. iii. 245. Sil. xiii. 765.) is perhaps merely the Tigris in the early part of its course. R. G. 411. Sink down.' cf. Tac. A. ii. 47, 3. R. Plin. ii. 69 sq. PR. 412. The places where three ways met,' places of public resort.' M. 414. To have her poor neighbours taken up and cut to pieces.' LU. 415. After listening to their prayers and entreaties;' had it not been for which, she would have had them flogged to death. LU. In this and the following lines Juvenal is probably alluding to some recent and well-known transaction. R. From her sound slumbers' we may infer that she was not an invalid, so as to be seriously disturbed by the barking of the dog.' 417. The owner of the dog.' LU. Deinde canem. Gravis occursu, teterrima vultu 418. Nec visu facilis; Virg. Æ. iii. 621. VS. Balnea; see note on i. 49. M. i. 143. Before the dynasty of the emperors, the time for a bath was the ninth hour, and the tenth hour was supper-time. Afterwards, however, the time of bathing was, in summer, changed to the eighth hour. xi. 204 sqq. Tac. A. xiv. 2. LI. Exerc. Pl. 648, SA. Spart. Hadr. 22. Lampr. Sev. 24. Plin. Ep. iii. 1. 8. Vitr. v. 10. Artemid. Oneir. i. 66. Mart. III. xxxvi. IV. viii. VII. 1. X. xlviii. 1 sqq. lxx. 13. XI. liii. R. 420. There was a small room connected with the bath, where they excited perspiration by violent exercise previously to bathing. R. 421. The dumb bells.' Sen. Ep. 57. LU. supra balneum habito: cum fortiores exereentur et manus plumbo graves jactant, gemitus audio, audio crepitum illisæ manus humeris, quæ, prout plana pervenit aut concava, ita sonum mutat; Id. 56. sunt exercitationes et faciles et breves, quæ corpus sine mora laxent [lassent ?]; cursus et cum pondere aliquo manus motæ et saltus, &c. Id. 15. PR. LI. λñgas poλußdívas χειροπληθείς. Luc. de Gymn. ὁ δὲ μολυβ Σαίνας χερμαδίους ἀράγδην ἔχων ἐχειροβόλι: Id. Lexiph. 5. Mart. VII. Ixvi. 6. XIV. xlix. Sen. Ep. 58. Arist. de Anim, Inc. 3. Probl. v. 8. Paus. Eliac. i. 26 sq. Mercur. de Art. Gymn. ii. 12. R. 422. So sly as to know how far he might venture without offence.' LU. The anointer (iii. 76. Ter. Eun. III. v. 29 sqq. Claud. in Eutr. i. 106 sq. R.) has rubbed in the oil on every part of her body.' 423. And produces a sound by applying it to her flesh smartly with his hollow hand.' FA. See Seneca quoted above. PR. uncti verbere vapulat magistri; Mart. VII. lxvi. 8. R. Exclamare intimates that if the lady had proper feelings of delicacy, she herself would have cried out,' when the fellow presumed to take such liberties. VS. 424. All this while she has been keeping a party waiting, who were engaged to sup at her house.' LU. 425. Glowing from her exercise at the bath.' LU. cf. Mart. III. li. VII. xxxiv. XI. xlviii. Plut. Cat. Maj. 22. Xiph. Hadr. Spartian. R. 426. Mart. VII. Ixvi. 9 sqq. R. Thirsting for whole flagons.' They used to drink off a large quantity of wine at one draught, that it might operate as an emetic. 429. Cic. for Deiot. 7. vomunt, ut edant; edunt ut vomant; Sen. Helv. 9. extr. LÚ. Cels, i. 3. Ath. xv. 1. Mart. V. lxxix. 16 sqq. VII. lxvi. 10. Parrh. Ep. 36. R. Suet. Aug. 77. ER. Id. Vit. 13. CAS. xiii. 216. iv. 67. Mart. XII. lxxxiii. M. Tenditur is filled.' GR. v. 80, note. The urnu was a wine measure holding somewhat more than three gallons and a half. GR. 427. It was put at her feet,' because it was too large to be set on the table. R. Ducitur ante cibum, rabidam facturus orexim. Illa tamen gravior, quæ, quum discumbere cœpit, 435 Laudat Virgilium, perituræ ignoscit Elissæ, Committit vates et comparat; inde Maronem 'A second pint.' Mart. VI. lxxix. LU. At one time, to drink wine was considered a heinous offence in a woman. The Italian women were generally abstemious; the women of Greece were the reverse. 300 sqq. Ath. x. 11. Plin. xiv. 13. R. asīs Euróvras xai rỹ Qogsíy Tagswoμívovs) ἓν γάρ τι καὶ τοῦτο τῶν ἄλλων καλλωπιστ μάτων αὐταῖς δοκεῖ, ἦν λέγηται, ὡς τεταιδευμέναι τέ εἰσι καὶ φιλόσοφοι, καὶ ποιοῦσιν ᾄσματα οὐ πολὺ τῆς Σαπφοῦς ἀποδέοντα· xai dià dù rauta motwroùs xai avrai περιάγονται ῥήτορας καὶ γραμματικοὺς καὶ φιλοσόφους. ἀκροῶνται δ' αὐτῶν πηνίκα 428. Is tossed off. VS. xii. 9. Hor. I Od. xvii. 22. IV Od. xii. 14. trahitura μsražù xooμoúμsvas xai ràs nóμas wigiand Axir are the same. R. A ravenous appetite:' LU. rabies edendi; Virg. Æ. ix. 63 sq. R. 429. • After rinsing her stomach, the wine returns and falls in a cascade on the foor. PR. non minus pervigilant, non minus potant, et oleo et mero viros provocant; atque invitis ingesta visceribus per os reddunt et vinum omne vomitu remetiuntur; Sen. Helv. 9. G. Lucian. Tim. 45. R. 430. Rivers gush over the marble pavement of the saloon.' LU. xi. 173. natabant pavimenta mero, madebant parietes; Cic. Phil. ii. 41. heres mero tinguet pavimentum superbum pontificum potiore canis; Hor. II Od. xiv.26 sqq. R. see Hâfiz in Sir W. Jones's Pers. Gram. p. 37. 431. Pelvis; iii. 277. 432. Serpents are said to be very fond of wine. Plin. vii. x. 72 s 93. xxii. 23. Arist. H. A. viii. 8. E, prov. III. x. 98. LU. R. 433. "The husband turns his head, Sick to the soul, from this disgusting scene, And struggles to suppress his rising spleen." G. 434. In this passage Messalina is glanced at, who, after the assassination of Nero her fifth husband, followed up the study of rhetoric so as to be able to declaim with great fluency: VS. but see note on 448. Αἱ δὴ οὖν γυναῖκες (καὶ γὰρ αὖ καὶ τόδι ὑπὸ τῶν γυναικῶν σπουδάζεται, τὸ εἶναί τινας αὐταῖς πεπαιδευμένους, μισθοῦ ὑποτε· πλεκόμεναι, (483.) ἡ παρὰ τὸ δεῖπνον· ἄλ λοτε γὰρ οὐκ ἄγουσι σχολήν· πολλάκις δὲ καὶ μεταξὺ τοῦ φιλοσόφου τὸ διεξιόντος, ἡ ἄβρα προσελθοῦσα ὤρεξε παρὰ τοῦ μοιχοῦ γραμμάτιον οἱ δὲ περὶ σωφροσύνης ἐκεῖνοι λόγοι ἱστᾶσι περιμένοντες, ἔστ ̓ ἂν ἐκείνη ἀντιγράψασα τῷ μοιχῷ ἐπαναδράμῃ πρὸς rǹv angoas Luc. . r. i. mol, our 36. cf. 233 sqq. and Moliere in les Femmes savantes.' R. To take their places at table.' LU. Pers. i. 30 sq. PR. At their entertainments, and especially between the courses, it was the fashion, in imitation of the Greeks, to discuss literary topics. 448 sqq. xi. 177 sqq. Petr. 55. 59. R. WO, on Plat. Symp. iv. 1. 435. Vindicates the poet for his having made Dido (called Elissa; Æ. iv. 335. Ov. Her. vii. 193. H.) fall by her own hand.' Or justifies the queen for having destroyed herself, considering all the circumstances of the case.' August. Conf. i. 13 sq. Suet. Ner. 31. Auson. Epig. cxviii. PR. HY, Exc. I. on Virg. . iv. R. Claudian tells his royal patroness Serena, who was another of these blue-stocking dames, Pierius labor et veterum tibi carmina vatum ludus erant: quos Smyrna dedit, quos Mantua, libros percurrens, damnas Helenam nec parcis Elissæ; L. Ser. Reg. 146-148. 436. Committere; 378. R. i. 163. M. Adjusts her scales, And accurately weighs, which bard prevails.” G. Among |