245 Arpinas alius Volscorum in monte solebat Plebeiæ Deciorum animæ, plebeia fuerunt dignation at the fallen state of his coun- 245. Marius, though born of poor parents, was seven times consul, and, besides his victory over the Cimbri, he conquered the Teutones in Italy and Jugurtha in Africa. V. Max. i. 2. SCH. Plut. V. Mar. Liv. Ixviii. PR. Plin. xxxiii. 11. R. Flor. iii. 3. LU. 247. He rose from the ranks, and had sometimes had the centurion's switch broken about his head. xiv. 193. LU. Liv. Ivii. epit. Tac. An. i. 23. Plin. xiv. 1. PR. v. 154, note. M. vi. 479. R. The officer should have struck him across the back only; but too scrupulous an adherence to the rules of the service is not to be expected in those who are armed with a little brief authority. HK. [cf. Liv. ed. DR. t. vii. p. xv. ED.] 248. The axe,' with which they cut their stakes, had the iron on the opposite side of the head, pointed, for the purpose of demolishing walls. LI. 249. The Cimbri extended over the modern Jutland, Sleswick, and Holsatia. PR. AN. R. 250 If solus is to be taken literally, it means in his defeat of the Teutones and Ambrones. R. 251. To the slaughtered Cimbri:' διὰ δυοῖν. Ρ. 252. Cimbri præ Italis ingentes. Et Teutonum rex captus insigne spectaculum triumphi fuit: quippe vir proceritatis ex- B 393. M. 253. Q. Lutatius Catulus his colleague, though noble, ii. 146. obtained but secondary glory.' FA. SCH. A double triumph was decreed to Marius, but to please the soldiery he waved his right to the 'second' in favour of Catulus; Cic. T. Q. v. 19. R. whom, some time afterwards, he barbarously put to death. G. 254. The father, son, and grandson all bore the name of P. Decius Mus; and devoted themselves for their country, the first in the war with the Latins, the second in that with the Gauls, the third in that with Pyrrhus. Liv. viii. 9 sqq. x. 28 sqq. Cic. T. Q. i. 37. Fin. ii. 19. Macr. iii. 9. V. Max. v. 6. VS. PR. M. R. 255. The legions' were Roman,' the auxiliaries'foreign mercenaries,' the Latin youth' Italian allies, who received rations of corn but no pay. Varr. Fest. LI. R. 257. The form of this devotion, which is very solemn and awful, is found in Liv. viii. 9. R. It was anciently supposed that if a leader would consent to this sacrifice of himself, the misfortunes which impended over the combatants would all, by that pious and patriotic act, be transferred to the enemy. PR. 'Mother Earth.' Plin. ii. 63. PR. 259. Ocrisia, the mother of Servius Tullius, was born a slave; V. Max. LU. 260 Et fasces meruit regum ultimus ille bonorum. Occulta ad Patres produxit crimina servus Malo pater tibi sit Thersites, dummodo tu sis 270 acidæ similis Vulcaniaque arma capessas, and was brought to Rome with other captives from Corniculum. Livy tries to make out that she was a princess: i. 39. (regium certe genus et penates maret iniquos! Hor. II Od. iv. 15 sq. G.) Dionys. iv. 1. PR. M. R. The regal robe was a white gown with a broad border and stripes of purple. It was afterwards worn by consuls, augurs, and knights; but by the latter only in solemn processions. Plin. viii. 48 s 74. ix. 39 s 63. Virg. Æ. vii. 188. 612. (SV. HY.) Dionys. ii. 70. iii. 61. v. 47. vi. 13. Liv. 1. 41. A. PR. R. The diadem' of the ancient kings was not a golden crown, but a white bandeau. Suet. Cæs. 79. V. Flac. vi. 700. (BU.) SP, Num. diss. v. p. 456-472. 622. 679-685. R. 260. He was succeeded by Tarquin the haughty. VS. 261. Wanted to loosen.' LU. cf. note 10, on Her. i. 123. 262. T. and Ti. Brutus were put to death, by their father's sentence, for this nefarious conspiracy against the new-born liberties of their country. VS. Flor. i. 9. LU. Liv. ii. 3—5. Plut. Virg. Æ. vi. 818 sqq. PR. 264. Horatius Cocles kept the troops of Porsena at bay, while the bridge was broken down behind him; and as soon as this was completely done, he plunged into the Tiber, and rejoined his comrades. VS. Flor. i. 10. Liv. ii. 9. Aur. Vict. PR. Mucius Scævola having assassinated the paymaster of the Tuscan forces in stead of Porsena himself, burnt his own hand as a penalty for his mistake and as a proof of his fortitude. Liv. ii. 12. Aur. Vict. PR. 265. Clalia, who had been given as a hostage to the Tuscans, made her escape and swam on horseback across the Tiber, which then divided the Tuscan and Roman territories. VS. Liv. ii. 13. Aur. Vict. PR. Sil. x. 498. R. 266. A slave of the Aquilii (who were among the conspirators to restore the Tarquins) discovered the plot to the consuls. LU. præmium indici pecunia ex ærario, libertas, et civitas data. ille primum dicitur vindicta liberatus, et vindictæ nomen ab eo tractum: Vindicius enim vocatur; Liv. ii. 5. PR. 267. As the matrons mourned Brutus for a whole year, Liv. ii. 7. so it was equally incumbent on them to mourn for Vindicius; through whom they had been saved from falling a second time into the clutches of relentless and lustful tyranny. LU. R. 268. The first execution under the reign of Law and Liberty. BRI. FA. Malefactors were originally scourged to death and then beheaded. In after times, as an act of mercy, they were beheaded before they sunk under the stripes of the rod. HY. In our own country the punishment for high treason has, in practice, been divested of its original barbarity. 269. Thersites was bold of tongue and slow of hand, and alike deformed in body and mind. Hom. II. B 212 sqq. LU. 270. Achilles was the son of Peleus and grandson of Eacus.' LU. He was first of the Greeks in bravery and in beauty. Hom. II. B 674. 769. R. Gell. ii. 11. PR. Vulcan, at the request of Thetis, made these arms for her son. Ov. M. xiii. 288 sqq. LU. Hom. Il. ≥ 369 sqq. PR. Quam te Thersitæ similem producat Achilles. Et tamen, ut longe repetas longeque revolvas Nomen, ab infami gentem deducis asylo. Majorum primus quisquis fuit ille tuorum, 275 Aut pastor fuit aut illud, quod dicere nolo. 275. Romulus and Remus were shepherds. Eutr. i. 1. Romanum populum a pastoribus esse ortum, quis non dicit? Varr. R. R. ii. 1. PR. cf. ii. 127. R. 'Or some one no better than he should be.' tales reges Romani habuere, quorum etiam nominibus erubescant: aut pastores Aboriginum, aut haruspices Sabinorum, aut exules Corinthiorum, aut servos vernasque Tuscorum; &c. Just. xxxviii. PR. The drift of this whole satire is to show that true worth depends on what a man is, and not on what his ancestors have been. "Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow; The rest is all but leather or prunella;" Pope, Essay on Man iv. 203 sq. M. SATIRE IX. ARGUMENT. This Satire relates to that most execrable practice in which the ancients, to their eternal shame, so universally indulged. Juvenal's purpose was to impress the minds of others with the same loathing which he himself felt for this disgusting vice. The Satire consists of a dialogue between the Poet and one Nævolus, an enfranchised slave; a poor wretch, who, from a kind of jester or dabbler in small wit for a meal, had become what is called a man of pleasure; and thence, by a regular gradation, a dependent of a wealthy debauchee, who made him subservient to his unnatural passions; and in return, starved, insulted, hated, despised, and discarded him! 27—90. This miserable object Juvenal rallies, with infinite spirit, on his disconsolate appearance; 1-26. and by an affected ignorance of the cause, engages him to enter into a detailed account of his infamous life. 27 sqq. This piece has many beautiful and many moral passages, exclusive of the grand and important lesson which it is our duty to gather from it; that a life of sin is a life of slavery; 102 sqq. that those who embrace it for the sake of profit, are deluded in their expectations from day to day, till in age they sigh to be emancipated from that state of misery which they voluntarily adopted, and from which, while they view it with eyes of anguish and despair, they have no longer strength or resolution to fly: 123 sqq. "Therefore," in the words of Divine Wisdom, "they shall eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices ;" Prov. i. 31. G. R. M. SCIRE velim, quare toties mihi, Nævole, tristis Pollio, qui triplicem usuram præstare paratus Omnia nunc contra: vultus gravis, horrida siccæ 1. This outcast of society is often mentioned by Martial; III. Ixxi. xcv. IV. lxxxiv. R. 2. Clouded with sorrow.' Quint. x. 3. Hor. Ep. xiii. 5. Sen. Marc. I. Ov. Her. xxi. 165. (H.) R. The vanquished Marsyas.' Ov. M. vi. 400. (BU.) LU. Apul. Fl. 3. PR. Hyg. F. 165. (MUN.) Solin. p. 84. and 784. (SA.) Diod. iii. 58. (WS.) Apoll. I. iv. 2. (HY.) Ath. xiv. 7. (SW.) Compare Hor. I S. vi. 120 sq. R. There stood in the Forum a very celebrated statue of this presumptuous musician, so that the comparison must have been sufficiently obvious. G. note on Herod. vii. 26. 4. Ravola was some impure wretch, of whom the less we know, the better. M. While driveling over Rhodope's charms.' By Rhodope is meant some courtezan of the day, so named after Rhodope the Thracian, who was Esop's fellow-servant in the house of Iadmon the Samian, GR. and afterwards acquired an immense fortune in Egypt by her abandoned life. Plin. xxxvi. 12. Herod. ii. 134 sq. Strab. xvii. Plin. xxxvi. 12. Æl. V. H. xiii. 33. (PER.) Luc. Salt. 2. R. 5. He need not fear! We reserve our knuckles for the peccadillos of our slaves.' VS. 'Sweet cakes.' Hor. I S. i. 25. RU. · 6. A spendthrift, who cuts no better figure in xi. 43. G. 7. Thrice the legal interest.' RU. 8. Goes the round of the Forum, but can find none that are fools enough to trust him.' He was, in fact, an utterly ruined man. PR. 10. I knew thee once, a SIR among the slaves.' Out of petulant familiarity or fondness, the Romans gave the slaves, born in their houses, (who were generally spoiled by indulgence,) the name of equites. Milton (in his Defensio) alludes to this caprice of the ancients, calling Salmasius" mancipium equestre, eques ergastularius, &c." G. R. 11. Urbani sales; Cic. ad Div. ix. 15. R. And sharp at fashionable repartee.' G. Pomarium was a vacant space (behind, i. e.) within the walls, VS. which was not allowed to be either inhabited or tilled, LU. lest it should interfere with the defence of the town. M. Liv. i. 44. Gell. xiii. 14. Varr. L. L. iv. 32. R. 12. Thy locks are like a tangled thicket." G. hirto horrescit setis dorso; Sil. i. 421 sq. R. horret capillis, ut marinus, asperis, echinus aut currens aper ; Hor. Ep. v. 27 sq. Dry;' Mart. X. lxxii. 11. opposed to madida, moist with scented oils.' avai Zixivva Theoc. xiv. 4. R. 14. An adhesive plaster' (in which |