Nos facimus, Fortuna, Deam cœloque locamus. 366. Plin. ii. 7. PR. Hor. I Od. xxxv. "There's a divinity that shapes our ends, Rough-hew them how we will;" Shaksp. Ham. V. ii. cf. Eccl. x. 10. M. Lactant. iii. 29. Ov. M. xv. 818. (H.) R. "Sovente avvien che'l saggio e'l forte Fabbro a se stesso è di beate sorte ;" Tasso; "They make their fortunes, who are stout and wise; Wit rules the heavens, discretion guides the skies;" Fairfax; ""Tis said a wise man all mishaps withstands; For though by storms we borne to mischiefs are, Yet grace and prudence bayle our careful bands; Each man, they say, his fate hath in his hands, And what he marres, or makes to leese, or save, Of good or ill, is ev'n self doe, self have;" Higgins, Mirr. of Magist. G. SATIRE XI. ARGUMENT. This Satire consists principally of an invitation to Persicus, the poet's friend, to spend the day with him; but it is made the vehicle of much valuable information, and much amusing description. It begins with a severe invective against a person of the equestrian order, (here called Rutilus,) who had wasted his property in riot and confusion; and from whose reduced and miserable state Juvenal takes occasion to draw many admirable maxims for the due regulation of life. 1-55. These introduce, with sufficient propriety, the little picture of his own domestic economy; 56 sqq. which is followed by a most pleasing view of the simplicity of ancient manners, 60 sqq. 77-119. artfully contrasted with the extravagance and luxury of the current times. 120 sqq. He enters at length into the particulars of his purposed entertainment; the viands are the produce of his own little farm and garden: 64 sqq. the furniture is of the most homely kind: 129 sqq. the servants are two raw country lads born on the estate: 142 sqq. the wines, home-made : 159-161. and he concludes with a spirited description of the scandalous excesses practised at the tables of the great; 162 sqq. as a substitute for which, our host promises Persicus the treat of hearing the immortal poetry of Homer and Virgil; 177–180. and with an earnest recommendation to his friend, to enjoy the present with content, and to await the future with calmness and moderation. 184-208. G. R. This is apparently one of Juvenal's last works. It has all the characteristics of age; the laudator temporis acti is ever foremost in the scene; and it is pleasant to think that time had mellowed and improved the social feelings of the author. Not but what there is here much to be seen of those strong and elevated passions which distinguish his earlier writings; yet softer and more amiable sentiments have their turn; and the talkative old man appears as a warm friend, a generous landlord, and a most kind and affectionate master of a family. His guest does not appear in such an amiable light. He is a morose and suspicious character; sufficiently unhappy, it seems, in his domestic concerns; but fretful and fidgetty about many things, which Juvenal seems to think, he had much better dismiss from his thoughts. G. ATTICUS eximie si cœnat, lautus habetur; Multos porro vides, quos sæpe elusus ad ipsum 1. Any rich nobleman.' VS. T. Pomponius, the friend of Cicero, was surnamed Atticus, having acquired an Attic polish from a long residence in Athens. GR. PR. C. Nep. cf. iv. 13 sq. viii. 182. R. 2. A poor man.' VS. The principle is duo si faciant idem, non est idem. GR. cf. xiv. 18. Rutilus was a surname of the Marcian, Virginian, and Nautian clans. R. Compare the fable of the Frog and the Ox. 3. Cf. iii. 152. R. "An Apicius:" G. cf. iv. 23, note. FA. 4. Every dinner party, every bagnio, every conversazione, or knot of newsmongers.' Plin. xvi. 44 s 86. T. V. Max. II. ii. 6. Gell. xiii. 13. PR. cf. vii. 233, note. M. viii. 168. V. Pat. ii. 33. (VO.) Suet. Ner. 37. (ER.) Plin. Ep. I. xiii. 2. II. ix. 5. R. understand loquuntur. VS. 5. Rutilus was reduced by his extravagance to seek a livelihood in the amphitheatre. cf. ii. 143 sqq. viii. 192 sqq. PR. [Livy xxviii, 21, h. ED.] 7. The tribune (i.e. the emperor) ought to have interfered to put a stop to such a disgraceful practice.' LU. cf. ii. 165. Tac. An. i. 2. iii. 56. (LI. ER.) R. iii. 313, note. 8. The gladiators wrote out the rules given by their trainer, and also the words of command, in order to learn them by heart. Suet. Cæs. 26. V. Max. II. iii. 2. FA. LI. vi. 249, note. cf. Arist. R. 1111 sq. 9. There are many spendthrifts, over head and ears in debt, whom the oftendisappointed creditor is sure to meet at market.' VS. FA. Hor. I S. ii. 7 sqq. I Ep. xv. 26 sqq. R. 10. The Romans used to market for themselves, and were attended by servants to carry home their purchases: R. see the opening of Ter. And. and cf. Arist. R. 1065 sq. 11. Ων ὁ θεὸς ἡ κοιλία. Phil. iii. 19. LU. cf. xii. 50 sq. Gell. vii. 16. Zwκράτης ἔλεγεν τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων διαφέ ρειν, καθόσον οἱ μὲν ζῶσιν, ἵν ̓ ἐσθίωσιν, αὐτὸς Siobissiva Ath. iv. 15. Macr. ii. 8. R. 12. Egregius is the comparative adverb. Lucretius uses a similar form; nam nihil egregius, quam res secernere apertas a dubiis; iv. 469. Priscian, iii. SCH. 13. The metaphor is taken from a building on the point of falling, with cracks and fissures in its walls, through which the day-light pours.' LU. i di τοῖχος ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ διωρώρυκτο· καὶ ὡς τὸ πρῶτον διεφάνη, κ. τ. λ. Xen. An. VII. viii. 8. 15 Numquam animo pretiis obstantibus. Interius si Refert ergo, quis hæc eadem paret: in Rutilo nam Sacculus. Ε colo descendit ΓΝΩΘΙ ΣΕΑΥΤΟΝ, "To prepare Yet one treat more, though but in earthen ware!" G. The epithet gulosus properly belongs to the epicure. VS. 20. There is much poignancy in the circumstance of exchanging plate for luxuries to be eaten out of earthen dishes. Especially as at Rome fictilibus cœnare pudet; i. 168. The gluttony of these spendthrifts must have been excessive, to overcome the prevailing prejudice in so delicate a point. G. GR. "Then to the fencer's (vi. 82.) mess they come, of course, And mount the scaffold as a last resource." G. This mess was a coarse and greasy kind of dish, which the gladiators ate, while in training, to improve both their wind and their limbs. A sort of macaroni. HO. Though their new food may not be prime in its quality, yet it is not deficient in quantity, which is a great point. cf. ii. 53. Tac. H. ii. 88. Prop. IV. viii. 25. (BK.) R. 22. Ventidius; vii. 199. or Tac. An. xii. 54. PR. Pers. iv. 25 sq. SCH. but see CAS. R. 23. Cf. Xen. An. VII. vii. 21. 24. Atlas; viii. 32. M. xiii. 48. LU. 25. There is as wide a difference between the coffers (x. 25. LU. xiv. 259 sq. R.) of the rich and the poor man's money-bag, as between Atlas and the lesser mountains of Mauritania.' 27. This precept has been assigned to various authors, viz. Socrates, Chilo, Thales, Cleobulus, Bias, Pythagoras, &c. D. Laert. i. Cic. ad Q. Fr. iii. 6. T. Q. i. 22, 52. (HA.) Plat. Alc. i. t. v. p. 56. 65. Sen. Ep. 82. VS. SCH. R. oraculorum societatem dedere mortales Chiloni Lacedæmonio, tria ejus præcepta Delphis consecrando aureis literis; Plin. vii. 32. Pers. iv. 52. PR. It is very sound theology to say, that, to have the veil of pride and self-love taken away, so that we know ourselves aright, is the gift of God and the foundation of all true and saving knowledge. cf. Jerem. xvii. 9 sq. M. The comic poets, to whom nothing was sacred, have of course made free with this: xarà róλa' äg' boriv où xaλãs εἰρημένον τὸ γνῶθι σεαυτὸν, χρησι Figendum et memori tractandum pectore, sive μúrigov yàg v Tò grābs Toùs äλλove Menand. To this Le Sage alludes with his usual felicity; "Loin de m'exhorter à ne tromper personne, mes parens devoient me recommander de ne me laisser duper;" Gil Blas. G. 28. Figendum; v. 12. R. 29. Conjugium; rùv xarà cavrò iλa LU. nube pari; Ov. Her. ix. 32. GR. 30. Thersites with all his impudence, had not the audacity to put in a claim to the armour of Achilles; FL. which even Ulysses, with all his wisdom, made himself ridiculous by wearing:' T. as the daw by dressing in the peacock's borrowed plumes. M. cf. viii. 17, note. vii. 115. x. 84 sq. We should probably read poscat. R. Loricam, made by Vulcan: Ov. M. xiii. LU. 31. Thersites; viii. 269. T. According to Q. Cal. and Lycoph. 999. (TZ. PTR.) he is said to have been slain with a blow of the fist by Achilles. FL. 33. Cf. Pers. iv. 23. 52. LU. 34. Curtius Montanus; iv. 107. FE. Matho; i. 32. vii. 129. FE. Bucca; mere talk.' Mart. I. xlii. 13. Petr. 43. cf. iii. 35. R. 35. Sumite materiam vestris, qui scribitis, æquam viribus; et versate diu, quid ferre recusent, quid valeant humeri; Hor. A. P. 39 sq. 36. The poet may allude to the fish which Octavius bought: see note on iv. 15. GR. 37. A surmullet.' v. 92 sqq. PR. The price of a gudgeon.' LU. Plin. ix. 57. (HA.) Ath. vi. 44. vii. 83. (SIV.) In like manner, there are said to be asini, ovis, and boves, in crumena; Plaut. As. III. ii. 44. Truc. III. i. 10. Pers. II. v. 16. R. 40. Hence a man of this character was called gurges, GR. vorago patrimonii, or barathrum macelli, R. 41. Argenti gravis; ix. 141. R. 43."The last poor shift, off comes the knightly ring." G. cf. Mart. II. lvii. 7 sq. VIII. v. 2. Apul. Ap. p. 322, 21. constitutum erat, ne cui jus annulorum esset, nisi cui, ingenuo ipsi, patri, avoque paterno, sestertia cccc census fuisset; Plin. xxxiii. 2 s 7. R. i. 28, note. Testudinum putamina secare in laminas lectosque et repositoria his vestire Carvilius Pollio instituit, prodigi et sagacis ad luxuriæ instrumenta ingenii; Plin. ix. 10 s 13. (HA.) PR. ix. 6. R. 44. The sooner they die, the better. FA. Their aim is a short life and a merry one, and their maxim "Let us eat |
