Quis nescit, Volusi Bithynice, qualia demens Ægyptus portenta colat? Crocodilon adorat Pars hæc illa pavet saturam serpentibus ibin. Effigies sacri nitet aurea cercopitheci, 5 Dimidio magicæ resonant ubi Memnone chordæ 1. Egyptiorum morem quis ignorat? quorum imbutæ mentes pravitatis erroribus quamvis carnificinam prius subierint, quam ibim aut aspidem aut felem aut canem aut crocodilum violent; quorum etiam si imprudentes quidpiam fecerint, panam nullam recusent ; Cic. Τ. Q. v. 27. Antiphanes, Anaxandrides, andTimocles have ridiculed these same superstitions: Ath. vii. 13. R. Volusius was not an uncommon name. R. Plutarch wrote a little book gos Bilvvinòv wigi Qixías Suid. This perhaps is the same person. VL. Bithynia, (Strabo xii. LU.) on the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus, was colonized by a Thracian tribe; previously to which the country was called Bebrycia, Her. i. 28, notes. 2. Omne fere genus bestiarum consecrarunt Egyptii; Cic. N. D. iii. 39. Strabo xvii. Diodor. ii. 4. Her. ii. 65-76. PR. Philo J. de Decal. LU. omnigenúm deûm monstra; Virg. Æ. viii. 698. portentificas animalium figuras; Lact. de Or. Err. ii. 14. horrificos quos prodigialia cogunt credere monstra deos; Prud. c. Symm. i. Egyptia illa non numina sed portenta; M. Fel. Oct. p. 236. vis τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἔλθῃς, τότε δὴ τότε ὄψει πολλὰ τὰ σεμνὰ καὶ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἄξια τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, κριοπρόσωπον μὲν τὸν Δία κυνοπρόσω ωπον δὲ τὸν βέλτιστον Ἑρμῆν, καὶ τὸν Πᾶνα ὅλον τράγον, καὶ ἔβιν τινὰ, καὶ κρικόδειλον ἕτερον, καὶ πίθηκον, κ. τ. λ. Luc. de Sacrif. 14 sq. India worshipped similar monsters: nor was the worship of animals unknown at Rome; where the sacred rites of Egypt had gained a footing. Luc. viii. 832 sqq. cf. also Lucian de Astrol. 5--7. Cic. N. D. i. 36. JB, Panth. Egypt. iv. 4. and prol. p. 19-23. 83-87. R. Among the ancient authors who have written on the crocodile,' may be mentioned, P. Mela i. LU. El. H. A. x. 21 sq. 24. xii. 38. Her. ii. 68 sqq. Plin. viii. 25 s 38. xxviii. 3 s 6. Diodor. ii. 4. Sen. N. Q. iv. 2. PR. Max. Tyr. Diss. xxxix. p. 456. R. 3. Hec. τοῖσι μὲν δὴ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἱροί εἰσι οἱ κροκόδειλοι τοῖσι δ ̓ οὔ, ἀλλ ̓ ἅτε πολεμίους περιέπουσι. οἱ δὲ περί τε Θήβας καὶ τὴν Μοίριος λίμνην οἰκίοντες. καὶ κάρτα ἤγηνται αὐτοὺς εἶναι ἱρούς. . . οἱ δὲ περὶ Ελεφαντίνην πόλιν εἰκέοντες, καὶ ἐσθίουσι αὐτοὺς, οὐκ ἡγεόμενοι ἱροὺς εἶναι Her. ii. 69. PR. Regards with religious awe:' SCH. fear being the chief ingredient in superstition. R. Ipsi qui irridentur Ægyptii nullam beluam, nisi ob aliquam utilitatem quam ex ea cuperent, consecraverunt; velut ibes maximam vim serpentium conficiunt ; quum sint aves excelsæ, cruribus rigidis, corneo proceroque rostro: avertunt pestem ab Egypto, quum volucres angues ex vastitate Libya vento Africo invectas interficiunt atque consumunt; ex quo fit, ut illæ nec morsu vive noceant nec odore mortuæ ; Cic. N. D. i. 36. VS. cf. Ov. Ib. Plin. x. 28 s 40. 30. viii. 27. Diodor. i. SCH. Id. ii. 4. Her. ii. 75 sq. Plut. Is. and Os. fin. PR. P. Mela iii. 8. Solin. 34. JB, Panth. Eg. v. 5. Æl. H. A. x. 21. 24. R. 4. Simiæ caudis inter se distinguuntur; Plin. viii. 54. The ape' has no tail, the baboon' a short one, the monkey' a long one: κέρκος ' a tail, πίθηκος “ an ape. PR. M. Monkeys' were worshipped at Memnonium in Arabia: Solin. BRI. The simia cynocephalus (Plin. viii. 21 s 30.) was held sacred in Egypt. P. GR. Is this the hamadryas or dogfaced baboon,' which is found in the torrid regions of Africa, and of which the tail is nearly as long as the body? 5. In the temple of Serapis at Thebes, Plin. xxxvi. 7 s 11. was a colossal figure of Memnon, of black marble and in a sitting posture. rò äy¤àμæ xátnraí rs xai ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ἀνίσχοντος ἡλίου βοᾷ, καὶ τὸν ἦχον μάλιστα εἰκάσει τις κιθάρας ἢ Augas paysions xogdñs' Pausan. i. 42. This was said to yield a sound, like that of a harp, when the rays of the rising sun fell upon it. It was also said that the sound was cheerful in the morning, and melancholy at sunset, resembling a plain Atque vetus Thebe centum jacet obruta portis. tive human voice. Callist. Stat. i. p. 891. ix. p. 901. According to some the statue was broken in halves by an earthquake; Strab. xvii. p. 1170 sq. others set it down as one of the frantic impieties of Cambyses. Memnon, the son of Aurora and Tithomus, is symbolical of the sun. Philostr. Icon. i. 7. in Her. 4. V. Ap. vi. 3 sq, Tac. A. ii. 61. Luc. Tox. 27. Virg. Æ. i. exc. xix. xxvi. and Apoll. III. xii. 4. (HY.) VS. LU. JD. RH. JB. R. The upper part of this statue has been covered by the sand for many ages: it is that part which yet remains on its pedestal, which performs the wonders mentioned by so many travellers, who have perpetuated their credulity on the spot by inscribing their names on the stone. One man, indeed, of high respectability, bears a kind of testimony to the common report of a sound proceeding, not from the harp of Memnon (for there never was any such thing), but from the statue. Strabo says he heard a sound; but whether it came from the colossus itself, or the base, or from some one of the numerous standers by, he could not tell. "Indeed," adds he, "one would be inclined to suppose almost any thing, rather than to believe stones, however disposed, capable of producing a sound.' Germanicus too, according to Tacitus, was indulged with the same favour. If he listened with patience to the nonsense first read to him by the priests, he was not unworthy of it. Even Savary, who saw nothing but prodigies in Egypt, treats this foolish affair as an artifice of the priests. The sound probably proceeded (as De Pauw thinks) from an excavation near the plinth, the sides of which might be struck, at a concerted moment, with a bar of sonorous metal. The fiction however does very well in poetry: "As Memnon's marble harp, renown'd of old By fabling Nilus, to the quivering touch Of Titan's ray, with each repulsive string Consenting, sounded through the warbling air Unbidden strains;" Pleas. of Imag. On discovering his mistake respecting the harp, Akenside altered the passage thus: "As Memnon's marble form, renown'd of old By fabling Nilus, at the potent touch Of morning utter'd from its inmost frame Unbidden music." G. c. AEMILIVS HORA PRIMA SEMIS AVDIVI VOCEM MEMNONIS. cf. Inser. Lat. N. 517-524. OR. 6. Thebes boasted of being founded by Bacchus or Busiris. Diod. ii. init. By its hundred gates,' it is distinguished from the Boeotian Thebes, which had but seven. xiii. 27. LU. Plin. xxxvi. 9 s 14, 2. Her. ii. PR. Diod. i. 45. Oñßai Aiyúrτιαι ἑκατόμπυλοι Hom. Il. 1 383. (ΚΡ.) P. Mela i. 9. Tac. A. ii. 60. Strab. xvii. p. 816. R. 7. Caruleos i. e. pisces fish of the sea;' as opposed to the fish of the Nile. GR. JS. We have no authority, however, for supposing that the former were worshipped in Egypt. P. For piscem one ms. has pisces, which is better: voμícovor nai πάντων ἰχθύων τὴν καλεύμενον λεπιδωτὸν, ἱρὸν εἶναι, καὶ τὴν ἔγχελυν· ἱροὺς δὲ τούτους τοῦ Νείλου φασὶ εἶναι Her. ii. 72. BRO, conjectured æluros: cf Gel. xx. 8. Hyg. Astr. ii. 28. (MUN.) ¿rayiaraı oi alíλουροι ἀποθανόντες ἐς ἱρὰς στέγας, ἔνθα θάπτονται ταριχευθέντες ἐν Βουβάστι πόλι Her. ii. 67. T. Ath. Strab. xvii. p. 812. Plut. Is. Os. p. 376. Diod. i sq. JB, Panth. Æg. III. iii. 3 sqq. PR. R. This emendation is also approved of by LN. SR. PL. WB. OR. 8. Cf. vi. 534, note. Lact. de F. Sap. v. 20. LU. Diod. ii. 4. PR. xuvãy móλIS, Αἰγυπτία πόλις, ἐν ᾗ πόλει ὁ ̓Ανουβις riparar Steph. de Urb. R. Diana' i. e. the goddess of hunting and hounds.' Yet this deity was worshipped under the name of Bubastis; Her. ii. 156. 59. LU. But either (1) our author may mean There are whole towns which worship a dog, in which there is not a single worshipper of Diana:' or (2) he may consider that Bubastis, the symbol of the new moon, was not the same with the Diana of the Romans: or (3) the sacred rites of this goddess, which Herodotus describes, might have fallen into disuse, as we do not find them ever spoken of; and Strabo merely names the city, but does not mention having visited the temple. JB. 9. Cf. Plin. xix. 6 s 32. (HA.) Diod. 10 O sanctas gentes, quibus hæc nascuntur in hortis Hunc abicit, sæva dignum veraque Charybdi, ii. 4. Plut. Is. Os. LU. Gell. xx. 7. PR. On the other hand see Numbers xi. 5. Her. ii. 125. G. 11. Cf. Diod. ii. 4. LU. Her. ii. 42. Strab. xvii. p. 559. Luc. de Astr. 7. The Theban Jupiter, or Ammon, was represented by the ram. JB, Panth. Æg. i. 3. ii. 2. R. 12. Cf. Her. ii 46. Mavonoi Tòv Пava τιμῶσι καὶ τὸν τράγον Steph. R. See PT, on Levit. xvi. 8. 13. Cf. Diod. ii. 4. PR. Tib. I. viii. 54. (BK. HY.) Fulgent. ii. 4. iii. 6. (MUN.) Flor. I. x. 5. (DU.) R. [Livy xxiii, 34, 1; xxiv, 31, c; 40, 8; (CR.) xxvii. 4, 10. ED.] A savage Charybdis' (Hom. Od. M 73 sqq. 101 sqq. 235 sqq. R. v. 102. PR.) and a real one; not a mere creature of the fancy, such as he has been romancing about.' áxará↓ivros Her. iv. 191. 18. Cogitemus in medio terrarum orbe, in Sicilia atque Italia homines hujus monstri Cyclopas et Læstrygonas, qui cor 14. Cf. Hom. Od. 1 106-125. 180— poribus humanis vescerentur; Plin. vii. 2. 542. K 80-132. LU. 15. To some of those at table.' VS. Alcinous, king of Phæacia. LU. cf. v. 151, note. 16. Inter coenandum aut acroamata et histriones aut etiam triviales e circo ludios interponebat ac frequentissime aretalogos; Suet. Aug. 74. (ER.) i. e. 'parasitic philosophers,' who discourse on the nature of virtue at the banquets of the great; from agsǹ and aśyu. circulatores philosophos; Sen. Ep. 29. cf. Ath. vi. 9. CAS. Aus. ii. 5. (JS.) FA. A romancer.' Vopisc. Aur. 42. (SA.) F. A bragga docio captain,' D. like that in Plautus, M. G. dgxnyos de aurois (i. e. to Ctesias and Iambulus, in whose histories are many fables) καὶ διδάσκαλος τῆς τοιαύτης βωμο λοχίας ὁ τῶν Ὁμήρου Οδυσσεὺς τοῖς περὶ τὸν ̓Αλκίνοον διηγούμενος ἀνέμων τε δουλείαν καὶ μονοφθάλμους καὶ ὠμοφάγους καὶ ἀγρίους τινὰς ἀνθρώπους. ἔτι δὲ πολυκέφαλα ζῶα καὶ τὰς ὑπὸ φαρμάκων τῶν ἑταίρων μεταβολὰς, οἷα πολλὰ ἐκεῖνος πρὸς ἰδιώτας Tous Dalazas irigarsúraro Luc. de V. Hist. i. 3. A Rodomaut.' R. 17. Abicit for abjicit. M. The other compounds of jacio are often subjected to a similar change, for sake of the metre. Gell. iv. 17. Quint. I. iv. 11. (SPA.) Formia (now Mola' in Terra di Lavoro) antiquæ Læstrygonum sedes; Id. iii. 5. cf. ix. 64. PR. Call. H. Dian. 67. (SP.) Hor. III Od. xvi. 34. xvii. 1–9. (MI.) Tib. IV. i. 59. and Virg. Æ. vii. exc. i. . i. 201. iii. 582 sqq. (HY.) R. 19. Scylla, a sea-monster, fabled to reside among the formidable rocks opposite Charybdis, in the straits of Messina. quid loquar, ut Scyllam Nisi, quam fama secuta est, candida succinctam latrantibus inguina monstris, Dulichias verâsse rates, et gurgite in alto, ah! timidos nautas canibus lacerâsse marinis,—narraverit? Virg. E. vi. 74 sqq. Ov. M. xiii. sq. PR. Hom. Od. M 73–100. R. These clashing rocks' were at the opening of the Thracian Bosporus into the Euxine. Plin. iv. 13 ' 27. FA. Κυάνιαι agrees with πέτραι understood ; they were so called from the deep blue colour of the sea : Schol. on Apoll. Rh. ii. 318. They are said to have become stationary after the passage of the Argo : ib. 309 sqq. The origin of the fable has been variously accounted for. cf. Strab. iii. p. 149. vii. p. 319. Pliny; and Apollod. I. ix. 22. (HY.) Homer places these rocks in the Sicilian sea: Od. M 55 sqq. R. They are now called ' Pavo 20 Cyaneas, plenos et tempestatibus utres Crediderim, aut tenui percussum verbere Circes Solus enim hoc Ithacus nullo sub teste canebat. rane,' by the barbarians Iarcazes.' GR. notes on Her. iv. 85. Luc. ii. 715 sqq. Ov. Her. xii. 121 sqq. 20. Æolus gave Ulysses some skins full of adverse winds. While the king slept, some of his companions were induced by curiosity to peep into the bags; the consequence was that the foul winds escaped and raised a tremendous storm. LU. Hom. Od. K 1-75. PR. Virg. Æ. i. exc. 1. (HY.) R. 21. Crediderim. This credulous incredulity of the Phæacians reminds one of the good dame, who interrupted the marvellous narrative of her son, who was just returned from a West-Indian voyage, with "No! that I cannot believe. There may be mountains of sugar and rivers of rum : but you shall never persuade me that there are flying fish!" Circe, sister of Eetes king of Colchis, had a palace on the coast of Italy, cf. v. 140, note. Hom. Od. K 135–468. Ov. M. xiv. 10 sqq. Virg. E. viii. 70. Plin. xxv. 2. Plut. de Hom. PR. LU. By a stroke of her wand (jáßdy λnyvia) she changed twenty-two of the crew of Ulysses into swine; but afterwards by enchantments restored them to their original shape. A fable, which points out the brutalizing effects of intoxication and sensual pleasures. Virg. Æ. vii. exc. 1. (HY.) R. 22. Elpenor, though not spoken of as one of those metamorphosed, is mentioned in Hom. Od. K 552 sqq. A 51-80. R. Ov. Ib. 487 sq. 23. Non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Pani; Virg. Æ. i. 567. GR. 24. Nondum. The Phæacians being notoriously dissipated and luxurious characters. Hor. I Ep. xv. 24. R. Q. Junius Rusticus, Hadrian's colleague in the third year of that emperor's reign, A. U. 872. SA. or, rather, App. Junius Sabinus, consul with Domitian, A. U. 836. PTH. cf. xiii. 16, note. R. Poets are constrained by necessity to mention but one consul. Čat. cxxxiii. 1. OR. To the examples of sy nizesis in note on vi. 82. add Hor. I S. vii. 30. tenuia in Virg. and Lucr. iii. 449 &c. SA. Sil. iv. 147. vi. 19. iii. 495. 16. 450. iv. 602. ii. 681. 353. ix. 123. xii. 467. i. 529. ii. 172. vi. 226. vii. 503. x. 181. xv. 173. 621. R. Virg. Æ. i. 722.ii. 16. 442. v. 432. viii. 194. E. iii. 96. Fasc. Poet. p. 2. ، 28. Super, vrig, beyond.' cf. Liv. i. 2, 3. xxxi. 47, 3. (DU.) R. Coptus was a city of the Thebaid, on a canal of the Nile: Strab. xvii. p. 815. xvi. p. 781. PR. cf. vi. 527. It was common to the Arabians and Egyptians, and twelve miles distant from Tentyra. As it was the great emporium for the merchandise of India, it had a constant communication by caravans with the Arabian gulf, transmitting its imports down the Nile to Alexandria. It was destroyed by Diocletian. Its name is now Chana;' the modern Koft, which is on the river, being merely the port of the ancient city. Plin. v. 9. vi. 23 s 26. x. 33 s 49. Zonar, ii. extr. R. Nos vulgi scelus et cunctis graviora cothurnis. 30 Nam scelus a Pyrrha, quamquam omnia syrmata volvas, Inter finitimos vetus atque antiqua simultas, Odit uterque locus, quum solos credat habendos 29. Vulgi common to a whole people:' LU. (cf. populus, 31.) whereas Tragedy confines itself to the atrocities of an individual. vi. 634 sqq. PR. 30. From the deiuge.' LU. i. 81, note. PR. Syrmata; viii. 229. here put for the tragedies' themselves. LU. Mart. IV. xlix. 8. XII. xcvi. 4. R. 32. Feritas, engiórns Arist. Eth. vii. 1. οἷοις φασὶ χαίρειν ἐνίους τῶν ἀπηγριωμένων περὶ τὸν Πόντον, τοὺς μὲν ὠμοῖς, τοὺς δὲ κρέασιν ἀνθρώπων, x. T. 2. avrai pèv engi δεις ib. 5. 33. Inter finitimos Coptos et Tentyra; the towns being put for their inhabitants. SA. The names do not occur elsewhere in the plural. R. ef. 116, note. Simultus is mutual ill-will.' V. 34. For the sanguinary character of religious feuds, see Dio xlii. 34. Athan. c. Gent. Οξύρυγχῖται καθ' ἡμᾶς, τῶν Κυνοπολιτῶν τὸν ὀξύρυγχον ἰχθὺν ἐσθιόντων, κύνας συλλαβόντες καὶ θύσαντες, ὡς ἱερεῖον κατέφαγον ἐκ δὲ τούτου καταστάντες εἰς πόλεμον. ἀλλήλους διέθηκαν κακῶς, καὶ ὕστερον ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων κολαζόμενοι διετέθεσαν Plut. Is. Os. Opp. t. ii. p. 380. Æl. H. A. xi. 26. R. 35. Gens hominum est huic belluæ (the crocodile) adversa in ipso Nilo, Tentyritæ ab insula, in qua habitat, appellata: itaque uni ei insulæ crocodili non adnatant; olfactuque ejus generis hominum, ut Psyl lorum serpentes, fugantur; Plin. viii. 25 $ 38. xxviii. 3 § 6. Trugis Steph. Byz. Sen. N. Q. iv. 2. Æl. H. A. x. 21. 24. Strab. xvii. On the other hand, the Coptites (Æl. H. A. x. 24.), the Ombites (ib. 21.), the Arsinoites (Strab. xvii. p. 558.), and others, religiously adored the crocodile, and considered it an honour to have their children devoured by that animal. Again, the Tentyrites worshipped the hawk; which, out of spite to them, the other people crucified. Al Tentyris Plin. v. 9 s 11. (HA.) is now 'Denderah.' R. 36. This diversity in religious sentiments is said to have resulted from the policy of the ancient kings, who, by establishing various objects of religious worship, prevented cordial coalition among the people, and consequent conspiracies against the regal power. Diod. ii. 4. PR. 39. Alterius populi; from 73 sqq. we may conjecture that the Tentyrites were the party assailed. ACH. R. Rapienda; cf. Sil. i. 570. Ov. Ep. xix. 74. (Η.) R. 42. The Egyptians cibos palam et extra sua tecta capiunt: Mela i. 9. R. 43. Cf. viii. 158. R. 44. "For savage as the country is, it vies In luxury (if I may trust my eyes) With dissolute Canopus." G. cf. i, 26, note. LU. |