ἐλεύθερός ἐστιν ὁ ζῶν ὡς βούλεται· Arr. Epict. i. 2. 4. PR. Juv. ii. 77, note. 84. Next follows the minor premiss: this the Stoic denies. SCH.

85. Cf. Juv. v. 37, note. V. Max. v. 8. Flor. i. 9. PR.

86. Vinegar was used as a remedy in cases where persons were hard of hearing; Cels. vi. 7. K. The Stoics were very acute in argument and in detecting fallacies. Cic. Fin. iii. 3. PR.

87. 'I admit your proposition; your assumption I deny.' LU. tu mihi qui imperitas, aliis servis miser, atque duceris, ut nervis alienis mobile lignum. quisnam igitur liber? sapiens, sibi qui imperiosus; Hor. II S. vii. 81 sqq. improbos non ita dicunt esse servos ut mancipia quæ sunt dominorum facta nexu, aut aliquo jure civili: sed, si servitus sit, sicut est, obedientia fracti animi et abjecti, et arbitrio carentis suo, quis neget omnes leves, omnes cupidos, omnes denique improbos esse servos? an ille mihi liber videatur, cui mulier imperat, leges imponit, vetat quod videtur, &c. Cic. Par. 5. PR. Hor. II Od. ii. 18.

88. Vindicta was the wand which the prætor laid on the head of the manumitted slave, when he declared him free. VS. AD. cf. Liv. ii. 5. PR. Ov. A. A. iii. 615 sq. K. Hor. II S. vii. 76. M. The blow, which the slave received at manumission, might represent the last indignity he was to receive; the laying on of the prætor's wand was similar to the mode in which the king, at the present day, confers knighthood.

Mens my own master.' LU. Ter. Ph. IV. i. 21. K.

90. Masurius Sabinus was an eminent lawyer in the reign of Tiberius, by whom

he was knighted. VS. T. He was very clever, very honest, and very poor. Gell. xiv. 19. Ath. xiv. PR. Among other works, he left behind him three books on the Civil Law. K. In his old age, he was supported by the liberality of his former pupils. As he was passionately devoted to music; it would seem that he fiddled away his clients. G.

Rubrica; Juv. xiv. 192, note. PR. dicant cur condita sit lex bis sex in tabulis, et cur rubrica minetur? Prud. v. G.

91. The metaphor may be taken from dogs, whose anger is shown by the wrinkling of their nostrils. LU. xoλà morì jivi xánrar Theoc. i. 18. vetu 'st adagium; 'fames et mora bilem in nasum concient;' Plaut. Amph. IV. iii. 40 sq. PR. The Hebrew anger' is derived from N ' he blew through the nostrils.' M. Sanna; i. 62. LU.

92. Γραώδεις μύθους· 1 Tim. iv. 7. fabellas aniles; Hor. II S. vi. 77 sq. M.

From your breast.' Ov. M. ix. 201 sqq. K. The lungs were considered the seat of pride. CAS.

93. Stulti omnes servi, and insaniunt omnes præter sapientem, were Stoical tenets. PR. The prætor cannot make a man wise; therefore he cannot make him free.' M.

"The nicer shades of duty." G. cf. Arist. Eth. ii. 6. 9. quid deceat, quid non; quovirtus, quo ferat error; Hor. A.P. 308. PR. ὅτι ἴσα τὰ ἁμαρτήματα id, quod non licet, si nec majus nec minus umquam fieri potest, quoniam in eo est peccatum, si non licuit, quod semper unum et idem est; quæ ex eo peccata nascuntur, æqualia sint oportet; Cic. Par. 3. K.

94. And to make over to him such

experience as may carry him safely down the rapid stream of life.' DN.

95. The Sambuca was a triangular harp, of four strings originally, invented by Ibycus of Rhegium. Ath. iv. 23. xiv. 8 sq. but it was probably much more ancient. Daniel iii. 5. Vitr. vi. Spart. Hadr. PR. Macr. S. ii. 10. (Polyb. v. 37. GRO.) cf. Hor. I Ep. xviii. 59. II Ep. ii. 143 sq. K. cf. Juv. iii. 63, note. Calones were porters employed in the camp to carry wood (xãλov) and water. LU.naλopógo Ath. invidet usum lignorum tibi calo; Hor. I Ep. xiv. 41 sq. PR. The name was afterwards applied to other porters: cohors culta servorum, lectica formosis imposita calonibus; Sen. Ep. 110. K.

The epithet alto is emphatic. LU. avoos & uangos, was a Greek proverb. ΡΜ. οἱ ἄγαν μεγάλοι βραδείς: Arist. Physiog. PR. ingens; 190. åving rexaidinárnxus Theoc. xv. 17. cf. Cat. lxvii. 47. lxxxvi. 4. K.

96. Ne sutor ultra crepidam: [Plin. xxxv. 10. V. Max. VIII. xii. extr. Ammian. xxviii. 1.] cf. Cic. T. Q. i. King Ptolemy, when he was giving his opinion very freely on the art of playing the lyre, was told by Stratonicus the musician that λñergov and exñrgo were not exactly synonymous: Ath. viii. 10. PR.

'Whines' it is properly the noise which a dog or a fox makes. LU. PR. Cat. lxxxiii. 4. Ter. Ad. IV. ii. 17. K. 98. The common law of our nature,' as opposed to the rubric of Masurius;' 90. PR.

99. Should hold as forbidden.' CAS. 100. Do you attempt to compound medicines, who do not understand the use of the balance ?' LU. statera the steelyard.' VS. Petr. 35. 67. Suet. Vesp. 25. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 11. K. abrotonum

agro non audet, nisi qui didicit, dare : quod medicorum est, promittunt medici; Hor. II Ep. i. 114 sqq. PR.

Certo compescere puncto (I think) means to bring the tongue to a state of quiescence, between the cheeks of the cavity through which it vibrates, by slipping the weight to a certain point on the graduated arm.' Thus compescere lucum, i. e. lucum suis finibus cohibere ; Festus; and in like manner, compescere populos, impetus, dolores, iras, mores dissolutos, styli luxuriantiam, linguam, &c. cf. F. and note on i. 6.

102. Navim agere ignarus navis timet; Hor. II Ep. i. 114. PR.

Poscat implies presumption. K. Peronatus: Juv. xiv. 186, note. PR. The epithet is emphatic, for sailors wear thin and pliant shoes to give them a firmer footing both on deck and among the rigging.

103. Luciferi' even of the morning star,' and consequently of the stars in general.' Ov. Tr. I. x. 13. K. CAS. A knowledge of which was essential to navigation in those days, before the invention of the mariner's compass: Virg. Æ. iii. 512 sqq. PR. and even at pre

sent.

In one of our trips from Southampton to Guernsey, during a fine starlight night, a naval officer, who was one of the passengers on deck, observed that we were making fast for the Portland lights. The steersman was puzzled, as, according to the compass, the course of the vessel was quite correct. The captain was called up; and, seeing at once, that the lights a-head were those on the Portland rocks, contrary to the indication of the compass, he observed the stars and immediately ascertained that there was something wrong. He ordered the quarter-deck to be instantly cleared: on their removing a large green parrot in

cast their slough. CAS. Ov. M. ix. 266. vii. 237. Virg. G. iii. 425 sq. Æ. ii. 471 sq. or (2) an allusion to the fable of the Fox in a Lion's skin. Hor. II S. i. 62 sq. iii. 186. I Ep. xvi. 44 sq. K. or (3) to Blacks who can never be washed white. PR. cf. Juv. xiii. 239, note.

Fronte; cf. iv. 14. M. Juv. ii. 8. 117. Numquam te fallant animi sub vulpe latentes; Hor. A. P. 437. PR. Claud. xviii. 145. v. 484. Pind. Ol. xi. 20 sqq. Theoc. i. 48. v. 112 sq. ảλwan zizuv Arist. V. 1233. P. 1090. K. Vapido; cf. 77. M.

118. Supra, i. e. in 113. LU. Repeto I pronounced you free, conditionally; on failure of these conditions, I revoke my concession.' LU.

The metaphor is taken from animals or birds, which are allowed a certain degree of liberty, but at the same time secured by a string. If they abuse their liberty, they are pulled in. PR. cf. Juv. xii. 5, note. M. "I would have thee gone; And yet no further than a wanton's bird; Who lets it hop a little from her hand, Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves, And with a silk thread plucks it back again;" Shaksp. Rom. and Jul. II. i. G.

119. Whatever the prætor may have done, philosophy has done nothing for you.' M. Persius (who had the passage in the Enchiridion of Epictetus before him, ἡ φιλοσοφία φησὶν, ὅτι οὐδὲ τὸν δάκτυλον ἐκτείνειν εἰκῆ προσήκει) labours to prove that there is no medium between absolute wisdom and absolute folly; from which notable position it follows (among other consequences) that the fool cannot perform the most trivial act without blundering egregiously. G. T. PR. M. auri navem evertat gubernator an palec, in re aliquantulum, in gubernatoris inseitia nihil interest. lapsa est libido in muliere ignota, dolur ad pauciores

pertinet, quam si petulans fuisset in aliqua generosa ac nobili virgine; peccavit vero nihilo minus, siquidem est peccare tamquam transsilire lineas; quam longe progrediare, quum semel transsilieris, ad augendam culpam nihil attinet; Sen. Ep. 66. This doctrine is attacked in Cic. Fin. iii. 27. for Mur. 30. Hor. I S. iii. 96 sqq. I Ep. xvi. 55 sq. K.

120. Yet what so trifling ?" G. ' and apparently so easy? but it is beyond the power of the gods to grant.' Litabis; cf. ii. 75, note. PR.

121. Short' is applied in our own language to weight.

6

122. Hæc i. e. folly and right.' K. Cetera a Grecism, rà äλλa. LU. Fossor; cf. Juv. xi. 80. M.

123. Histrio, si paulo se movit extra numerum, aut si versus pronunciatus est syllaba una brevior aut longior, exsibilatur et exploditur: in vita, quæ omni gestu moderatior, omni versu aptior esse debet, ut in syllaba, te peccare dices? poetam non audio in nugis, in vitæ societate audiam civem, digitis peccata dimetientem sua? &c. Cic. Par. 3. CAS. Virg. E. vi. 27. Prop. II. xviii. 16. cf. Mart. XI. lxxxv. 3 sq. Ov. Am. II. iv. 29.

K.

'Of Bathyllus dancing the Satyr.' cf. Virg. E. v. 73. Hor. A. P. 221. ÎI Ep.

ii. 125. PR. I S. v. 63.

Movere to dance.' Hor. A. P. 232. PR. I S. ix. 24. III Od. vi. 21. Ov. A. A. iii. 350. K.

Bathullus; cf. Juv. vi. 63, note. Ath. i. 17. PR.

124. Dama maintains his conclusion, notwithstanding the overthrow of his premisses. "liber, liber sum!" Hor. II S. vii. 92. PR.

Unde datum sentis? Hor. II S. ii. 31. (BY.) K.

Tot subdite rebus; cf. Hor. II S. vii. 75 sqq. K. iii. 28, note. M.