Si te propositi nondum pudet atque eadem est mens, Ut bona summa putes, aliena vivere quadra; Si potes illa pati, quæ nec Sarmentus iniquas Nulla crepido vacat? nusquam pons et tegetis pars ་ At another's board.' Quadra some. times signified a trencher,' sometimes 'a flat cake or large biscuit; which, when divided into quarters, was used as a trencher.' Hor. I Ep. xvii. 49. Adorea liba subjiciunt epulis: consumptis aliis, ut vertere morsus in Cereale solum penuria adegit edendi, et violare manu malisque audacibus orbem fatalis crusti, patulis nec parcere quadris: "Heus! etiam mensas consumimus?" inquit Iulus; Virg. Æ. vii. 109 &c. iii. 257. PR. cf. i. 137. Virg. Mor. 48 sq. sectæ quadra placente; Mart. III. lxxvii. 3. VI. lxxv. 1. 1X. xci. 18. XII. xxxii. 18. R. 3. Si potes ista pati, si nil perferre recusas; Mart. XI. xxiii. 15. uugía or ἀφόρητα ἐλευθέρῳ ἀνδρὶ ἐν αὐταῖς ἤδη ταῖς συνουσίαις γιγνόμενα Luc. 13. πολλὰ πονεῖν καὶ ὑπομένειν ὑπὲρ τῆς τοσαύτης εὐδαιμονίας 16. R. Sarmentus was a Tuscan slave who had run away from his mistress: he fell in the way of Mæcenas, and, happening to please him by his coarse humour, was taken into his train, and afterwards admitted into the household of Augustus, with whom he became a favourite. the decline of life he was reduced by his dissipation and extravagance to a state of destitution. Hor. I S. v. 51 sqq. VS. G. ὁ δὲ Ζάρμεντος τῶν Καίσαρος παιγνίων παιδάριον, 2 δ ηλικίας In N 'Paμało nahovory Plut. Ant. t. i. p. 943 D. R. 'Uneven;' where all the guests were not treated alike. BRO. 4. Cæsaris-vilis; vile as he was'even at an emperor's table.' LU. Apicius Galba was a notorious buffoon in the days of Tiberius and Augustus. VS. He is often mentioned by Martial : LU. I. xlii. 16. X. ci. PR. Quint. vi. 3. R. 5. Jurato is used as the past participle of a deponent verb. LU. Injurato plus credet mihi, quam jurato tibi; Plaut. Amph. I. i. jurato mihi crede; Cic. Att. xiii. 28. prooem. Act. i. in Verr. PR. 6. I know of nothing sooner satisfied than the belly.' Natura paucis est contenta: parvo fames constat, magno fastidium; Sen. LU. dives opis natura suæ, si tu modo recte dispensare velis; Hor. I S. ii. 73 sq. PR. Sen. Ep. 17. 114. 119 &c. R. discite quam parvo liceat producere vitam, et quantum natura petat; Luc. iv. 377. "But would men think with how small allowance Untroubled nature doth herself suffice, Such superfuity they would despise As with sad care impeach their native joys;" Spenser. G. 7. But even supposing a man to want this little that is absolutely needed.' LU. 8. Crepido is a raised foot-way,' or 'a niche,' LU. iii. 296. PR. or a quay.' Curt. iv. 5. GR. 10 Tam jejuna fames, quum pol sit honestius, illic Et tremere et sordes farris mordere canini? Primo fige loco, quod tu discumbere jussus "Una simus" ait. Votorum summa! Quid ultra Quæris? Habet Trebius, propter quod rumpere somnum 20 Debeat et ligulas dimittere, sollicitus, ne Tota salutatrix jam turba peregerit orbem Sideribus dubiis aut illo tempore, quo se R. 10. Jejuna fumes; Ov. M. viii. 791. Pol'i' faith;' as edepol, ecastor, mecastor, hercle, mehercle; R. which were oaths by the heroes Pollux, Castor, and Hercules. Illic in the niche or on the bridge.' GRÆ. 11. Shiver and shake;' not altogether with the cold, but as a trick to excite compassion. Hence perhaps tremens Judæa; vi. 543. GR. A filthy piece of brown barley bread, which was chucked out for the dogs.' cf. ix. 122. PR. Mart. X. v. 5. R. 12. Bear it in mind:' nostras intra te fige querelas; ix. 94. animis hæc mea figite dicta; Virg. Æ. iii. 250. R. When invited to take a place at table.' Convenere toris jussi discumbere pictis; Virg. Æ. i. 708. M. 13. Entire: GRE. partem solido demere de die; Hor. I Od. i. 20. Veterum of long standing:' for services of so many days and months and years.' GRÆ. 14. All you get by friendship with the great.' M. i. 33. iv. 20. 74. R. Hunc i. e. cibum. LU. Takes into the account.' LU. vi. 179. Mart. X. xxx. 26. XII. xlviii. 13. lxxxiv. 4. Suet. Tib. 53. Phæd. I. xxii. 8. R. Rex a noble patron.' LU. 130. M. i. 136. PR. 16. Te mensis adhibet; Hor. IV Od. v. 32. R. 17. He invites you merely as a stopgap, being disappointed of one that was originally to have been of the party.' LU. ἀλλ ̓ ἤν τις ἄλλος ἐπεισέλθῃ καλέστερος, ἐς τουπίσω σὺ, καὶ οὕτως ἐς τὴν ἀτιμοτάτην yavíar ižwoliis xatánsıtai μágtus póvos τῶν παραφερομένων. Luc. 26. R. 18. An unceremonious mode of invitation: hodie apud me sis volo; Ter. Heaut. 1. i. 110. PR. Votorum summa; cf. 2. 19. Trebius is the parasite with whom Juvenal is remonstrating. PR. 39. 43. 99. 128. 134. 156. ix. 35. R. A compensation for broken slumbers.' This is of course said ironically. cf. 76 sqq. Mart. III. xxxvi. FA. iii. 127 sqq. M. 20. Ligula means not only a latchet or shoestring,' but any tie used to fasten any part of the dress,laces, points, garters, braces, &c.' M. It may be either derived from ligare; VS. or a diminutive of lingua; Festus. PR. To go loose and slip-shod.' G. 21. Cf. i. 96. 117. 127. 132. PR. iv. 62. Shall have gone its rounds to salute its various patrons.' λan diadeoμń· Luc. 10. Nigr. 22. discursus? i. 86. R. Shall have completed its circle at the levee, so as to leave no room for you.' LU. or 22." MACB. What is the night? LADY M. Almost at odds with morning, which is which;" Shakspeare Macb. III. iv. M. Jamque sub Eoa dubios Atlantidis ignes albet ager; V. Flacc. ii. 72 sq. et jam curriculo nigram Nox roscida metam stringebat, nec se thalamis Tithonia conjux protulerat stabatque nitens in limine primo ; oum minus abnuerit noctem desisse viator, quam cœpisse diem; Sil. v. 24 sqq. R. Frigida circumagant pigri sarraca Bootæ. 23. At the latter part of the night, immediately preceding the break of day;' BRI. GR. when only the most northern constellations are seen revolving.' Boötes and the two Bears never sink below our horizon, and therefore were fabled to be the only stars that never dipped in the ocean. μεσονυκτίοις ποὺ ὡραις, στρέφεται ὅτ' ἄρκτος ἤδη κατὰ χεῖρα τὴν Βοώτου Anac. ii. 1 sqq. ἄμος δὲ στρέφεται μεσονύκτιον ἐς δύσιν ἄρκτος Ωρίωνα κατ ̓ αὐτόν· Theoc. xxiv. 11 sq. which passages favour those who interpret this line to mean even at midnight.' VS. LU. cum jam fectant Icarii sidera tarda boves; Prop. II. xxxiii. 23 sq. serus versare boves et plaustra Beotes; III. iv. 35. sive est Arctophylax sive est piger ille Bootes; Ov. F. iii. 405. Μ. ii. 172. x. 446 sqq. Tr. 1. iii. 47 sq. Mart. VIII. xxi. 3 sq.jam Phabum urgere monebat non idem eoi color ætheris, albaque nondum lux rubet et flammas propioribus eripit astris, et jam Pleias hebet, fessi jam plaustra Bootæ in faciem puri redeunt languentia cæli, majoresque latent stellæ, calidumque refugit Lucifer ipse diem; Luc. ii. 719 sqq. 236 sq. iv. 521 sqq. V. Flacc. vii. 456 sq. Sen. Med. 314 sqq. Tro. 440 sqq. H. F. 125 sqq. Jam nocte suprema ante novos ortus, ubi sola superstite plaustro Arctos ad Oceanum fugientibus invidet astris; Stat. Th. iii. 683 sqq. Virg. G. ii. 381. Α. i. 744. The fourteen stars near the north pole were at first called triones i. e. teriones oxen' (from terere), and apata wains' (iii. 255. Quint. viii. 3.) from some fancied resemblance; afterwards 'Exixn and xuvorovga the greater and lesser Bear' agros μiyaan and Ming, names probably invented by the Arcadians from agros meaning both ' a bear' and the north.' And hence, as well as from the similarity of the words Arcas and Arctos, arose the fable of Arcas and his mother Callisto being changed into bears and translated to heaven. The constellation which seemed to follow and guide these was at first called Bourns the ox-driver,' and afterwards 'Agx ropuha the bearward.' retophylax, vulgo qui dicitur esse Bootes, quod quasi temone adjunctum præ se quatit Arctum; Cic. N. Ď. ii. 42. Cold' either from the chilliness of the air before day-break, or from being in the northern heavens: and 'slow' either from the effects of cold, pigra hibernæ frigora noctis; Tib. I. ii. 29. or from the ordinary pace of herdsmen, tardi venere bubulci; Virg. E. x. 19. or as nearer the centre of motion. R. VS. LU. PR. M. Ἔωθέν τε ὑπὸ κώδωνι ἐξαναστὰς, ἀποσεισάμενος τοῦ ὕπνου τὸ ἥδιστον, συμπερι θεὶς ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ἔτι τὸν χθιζὸν πηλὸν ἔχων ἐπὶ τοῖν σκελοῖν· Luc. 24. σὺ δ' ἄθλιος, τὰ μὲν παραδραμὼν, τὰ δὲ βάδην ἄναντα πολλὰ καὶ κάταντα (τοιαύτη γάρ. ὡς οἶσθα, ἡ Πόλις) περιελθὼν ίδρωκάς τε καὶ VIUOTIS 26. πολὺ δὲ τούτων οἱ προσο ιόντες αὐτοὶ καὶ θεραπεύοντες γελοιότεροι νυκτὸς μὲν ἐξανιστάμενοι μέσης, περιθέοντες δὲ ἐν κύκλῳ τὴν πόλιν καὶ πρὸς τῶν οἰκετῶν ἀποκλειόμενοι, κύνες καὶ κόλακες καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀκούειν ὑπομένοντες· γέρας δὲ τῆς πικρᾶς ταύτης αὐτοῖς περιόδου τὸ φορτικὸν ἐκεῖνο δεῖπνον καὶ πολλῶν αἴτιον συμφορῶν· Id. Nigr. 22. R. 24. Tonsuræ tempus inter aquinoctium vernum et solstitium, quum sudare inceperunt oves; a quo sudore recens lana tonsa sucida appellata est. Tonsas recentes eodem die perungunt vino et oleo: non nemo admixta cera alba et adipe suillo; Varr. R. R. II. xi. 6. This wine was not even good enough for such a purpose: GR. or it was too thick for the wool to imbibe it. LU. cf. Plin. xxix. 2. τῶν ἄλλων ἥδιστόν τε καὶ παλαιότατον οἶνον πινόντων, μόνος σὺ πονηρόν τινα καὶ xaxùv wivus Luc. 26. Mart. I. xxi. II. xlii. III. lx. IV. lxxxvi. VI. xi. R. That these are not merely poetical exaggerations is evident from the following passage: "I supped lately with a person with whom I am by no means intimate, who, in his own opinion, treated us with much splendid frugality; but according to mine, in a sordid yet expensive manner. Some very elegant dishes were served up to himself and a few more of us; while those which were placed before the rest of the company were extremely cheap and mean. There were in small bottles, three different sorts of wine; not that the guests might take their choice, but that they might not have an option in their power. The best was for himself and his friends of the first rank; the next for those of a lower order; and the third for his own and his guests' freedmen. One who sat near me took notice of this cir 25 Lana pati: de conviva Corybanta videbis. Calcatamque tenet bellis socialibus uvam, cumstance, and asked me how I approved of it? Not at all, I replied. Pray then, said he, what is your method on such occasions? When I make an invitation, I replied, all are served alike: I invite them with a design to entertain, not to affront them; and those I think worthy of a place at my table, I certainly think worthy of every thing it affords:" Plin. Ep. ii. 6. G. PR. 25. The bad wine will presently disorder you' VS. ' and you will become as frantic as one of the priests of Cybele.' PR. 26. iii. 288. xv. 51 sq. • Wranglings from the prelude.' R. Prolusio is properly the flourishing of their weapons by fencers before they engage.' M. Cf. Prop. III. viii. 1 sqq. V. Flacc. v. 581. R. natis in usum lætitiæ scyphis pugnare, Thracum est: tollite barbarum morem, verecundumque Bacchum sanguineis prohibete rixis; Hor. I Od. xxvii. 1 sqq. PR. 27. Saucius; therefore' in retaliation and self-defence.' Red with the blood of your broken head.' VS. 28. The freedmen' were sometimes admitted to the lower end of great men's tables. PR. Pers. vi. 23. R. · Corps' denotes not only the numbers, M. but the pugnacious spirit of these insolent knaves. · · 29. A cheap earthen pitcher,' made at Saguntum (now Murviedro' i. e. the Old Walls') in Spain. LU. BRI. AN. cf. xiv. 271. Saguntino pocula ficta luto; Mart. IV. xlvi. 15. VIII. vi. 2. XIV. cviii. Plin. xxxv. 12 s 46. The town is celebrated in history for its obstinate and desperate resistance when besieged by Hannibal. Liv. xxi. 6 sqq. PR. R. From this place a common sort of wine was also imported. VS. 30. When consuls wore long hair,' which was many ages back. BRO. cf. iv. 103. PR. vi. 105. at least as long ago as 454 A.U. R. Racked off from the wood' into winejars, which were stopped down with wax, plaster, or pitch, and marked with the name of its country, and the consul's name by way of date: vina bibes, iterum Tauro diffusa; Hor. I Ep. v. 4. T. FA. Cf. Cic. Brut. 83. Ov. F. v. 517. Plin. xiv. 14. 21. Colum. xii. 18. Hor. I Od. xx. 1 sqq. II. iii. 8. III. viii. 10 sqq. xxi. 1 sqq. xxviii. 8. Pers. v. 148. R. PR. 31. This is sometimes called the Marsian war. App. B. C. i. Eutr. v. Plut. Sull. Oros. v. 18. PR. 660–662 A.U. cadum Marsi memorem duelli; Hor. III Od. xiv. 18. We need not take the expression too literally; all that we are to understand is, very fine old wine.' Not but what the ancients did keep their wine to an immense age. Pliny for instance mentions a wine 200 years old! adhuc vina ducentis fere annis jam in speciem redacta mellis asperi; atque hæc natura vini in vetustate est; Plin. xiv. 4. He thought it never better than when it was twenty years old: xiv. 14. Hor. I Od. ix. 7. IV. xi. 1. Vell. Pat. ii. 7. R. G. Others refer this wine to an earlier date 633 A.U. in the consulship of Lucilius Opimius; (see Flor. iii. 17 sq.) when the vintage was peculiarly excellent. LU. Keeps to himself.' R. Hall has imitated this passage with much humour: "What though he quaff pure amber in his bowl Of March-brew'd wheat; he slakes thy thirsting soul With palish oat frothing in Boston clay, Or in a shallow cruize; nor must that stay Within thy reach, for fear of thy craz'd brain, But call and crave, and have thy cruize again!" G. 32. He would not spare a glass of it Cras bibet Albanis aliquid de montibus aut de Quale coronati Thrasea Helvidiusque bibebant to save the life of the best friend he has.' 33. He had a variety of excellent wines.' The produce of the Alban hills, near the city; Plin. xiv. 2. 6. LU. Mart. XIII. cix. PR. only inferior to Falernian. Dionys. i. 12. Hor. IV Od. xi. 1 sq. Galen in Ath. i. 20. R. Addison tells us in his Italian travels, that Alba still preserves its credit for wine," which would probably be as good now as it was anciently, did they preserve it to so great an age." G. 34. A Campanian wine, which Pliny preferred to the preceding; it was the favourite with Augustus; Plin. xiv. 6. 8. xxii. 1. xxiii. 2. Mart. VI. lxxxvi. IX. iii. X. lxxiv. XIII. cxii. cf. x. 27. Strab. v. p. 229. Ath. i. 48. The modern name of Setia is Sezze.' PR. R. This passage also is well imitated by Hall: If Virro list revive his heartless graine With some French grape or pure Canariane; While pleasing Bourdeaux falls unto his lot, Some sowerish Rochelle cuts thy thirsting throat." G. See note on 30. R. 35. The mouldiness.' M. 36. On days of particular rejoicing the Romans wore garlands at their carousals in imitation of the Asiatic Greeks. BRI. Their chaplets were at first of ivy, then of parsley, then of myrtle, afterwards of roses. FA. Hor. II Od. vii. 7 sq. 23 sqq. Tib. I. vii. 52. Hor. I Od. xxxvi. 15 sq. IV Od. xi. 3 sqq. R. II Od. vii. 7 sq. 23 sqq. M. I Od. xxxviii. Pætus Thrasea and his son-in-law Helvidius Priscus, from their hatred of tyrauny, used to keep the birthdays of the great liberators of Rome. The former was put to death and the latter banished by Nero. Galba recalled him from exile; which would be one motive for our author's partiality to that prince. By Vespasian he was prosecuted on a charge of sedition, but acquitted. Thrasea was the son-in-law of that Pætus, whose wife Arria is so justly celebrated for her heroic constancy in the well-known epigram: Casta suo gladium &c. These names are not inserted so much to mark the excellence of the wine as the poet's abhorrence of Domitian; to whom these two patriots were so peculiarly obnoxious, that he put one person to death for calling Thrasea a man of sanctity, and another for writing the life of Helvidius. VS. Tac. A. xvi. Suet. Ner. 37. Dom. 10. PR. This is one of those impassioned bursts into which our poet is so frequently betrayed unpremeditatedly by his enthusiastic love of liberty: i. 16 sq. iv. 150 sqq. viii. 260. xiv. 41 sqq. 254 sq. RI. 37. L. Junius Brutus, the expeller of the Tarquins, M. Jun. Brutus, the chief conspirator with Cassius against Cæsar, and D. Jun. Brutus, who, in the attempt to uphold the cause of liberty against Antony, perished on the field of battle. PR. From the practice of keeping the birthdays' of the illustrious dead, may have originated the custom of celebrating the memories of martyrs; but it was the anniversary of their deaths which was observed, as being the date of their being born into a better world. HN. ME. Mart. VIII. xxxviii. 11 sqq. R. 38. If the poet intended electrum' an alloy of gold with one-fifth of silver,' the periphrasis is incorrect. BRI. GR. Plin. ix. 40. xxxiii. 4 s 23. Virg. Æ. viii. 402. cf. xiv. 307. It is amber' that was fabled to be produced by the tears shed (on the banks of Eridanus) for the loss of Phaethon, by his sisters the daughters of Sol ("Hλos), who were transformed into poplars or alders. Ov. M. ii. 340 sqq. |