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GREAT BRITAIN'S OBLIGATION TO THE STUARTS. 157

ably canting rhapsody had wished to pervert and disturb the not over nicely adjusted balance of the king's mind, they could not have presented him with a better instrument to exalt his pride, and fan the fire of his more than feminine vanity. Listen to this.

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"Then not to suffer this to fall to the ground, but rather "to take it up, and continue it in that state, wherein the "famous Predecessor of Your Highness did leave it; nay, to go forward with the confidence and resolution of a Man in "maintaining the truth of Christ, and propagating it far and "near, is that which hath so bound and firmly knit the "hearts of all Your Majesty's loyal and religious people "unto You, that Your very name is precious among them as "that sanctified Person, who, under God, is the immediate "Author of their true happiness."

Just fancy the effect of this flunkeyism upon the mind of the vain pedant.

"Steeny, man! yon language is just gran', it maist makes "one's fleesh cruntle to hearken to. Gaed sicken a whauger "to that man o' sin, Satan, as wunna be healit. Steeny! "dinna flash your bit dagger about i' that fashion, my Lord Archbeesop's no fond o' caud steel. Domène derege "nos."

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Sanctified person under God, a man whose habits were disgusting, and very questionable in their moral bearing, a coward in mind and body, and a weak son of such a mother; and then the Martyr and his self-willed fry, the graceless pleasure-loving Kings Charles and James, eaten up with a corroding selfish egotism, all men of narrow bigoted mind, shuffling, trimming, and procrastinating; and these are the tribe of him whose name figures after "Venus" in the written revelations of the most high and mighty God!

By the way, there is a curious document that by good rights ought to have been prefixed to the Royal Bible and Prayer Book of King James, but it would appear that owing to gross carelessness, or even worse dereliction of duty on the part of some flunkey state servant, either lay or clerical, the draft prepared for printing and circulation found

its way into the royal larder instead of the publisher's hands; hence its omission from the books in question. The style of this missing proclamation was to the following effect.

We James, By the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, have, from the hands of our right Reverend and well beloved Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all England, received a fair proof copy of our newly printed work the holy scriptures, and having, with the valued advice and assistance of our most honourable and very learned Privy Councillor, the Duke of Buckingham, perused the same with painstaking diligence at our royal leisure, we are very graciously pleased herewith to signify our warmest approbation of the truly sublime sentiments therein expressed, and we have notified the fact to our said beloved brother the Archbishop, that it is our gracious pleasure to accept the benefit of salvation for our Royal person, and we do further signify hereby our sovereign desire publicly to receive the benefits of the atonement conveyed in the most holy Eucharist of Christ's body and blood the first Sunday in every month.

And we do furthur, by these presents, give public notice, that it is our Royal will and pleasure to extend the knowledge of the glorious truths contained in the canon of these sacred scriptures, by placing them under our most gracious patronage. Therefore it has been duly notified to our Lords Commissioners of the Royal star chamber, and Privy Council that we desire them to urge our faithful and dutiful subjects, by all constitutional means, to receive with becoming reverence the Sacraments of our holy church from this time forwards, and this to be enforced under such pains and penalties as our Lords Commissioners may warrant the infliction of, on those self-conceited, vain, and disloyal men who persist in their self-willed resistance of our most gracious and loving consideration for their spiritual and temporal welfare.

To this would be attached the signatures of the King and his Chancellor's seal, together with the Duke of Buckingham's distinguished mark, followed up with a mildly worded

ROYAL PATRONAGE OF CHRISTIANITY.

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sanguinary threat from the commissioners levelled at puritan objections.

With respect to the title of "Defender of the Faith," adopted by Christian monarchs, it is a curious fact that deserves to be more widely circulated, and its significance better appreciated than is just now the case, that it is the second in the list of sixteen titles that appertained to the Grand Llama in Thibet some few centuries prior to the establishment of Christianity.

The great seal of the Dhurma Rajah, or Sovereign Pontiff of Bhotan, chief priest of the entire sect of the Dookpa or scarlet mitred and clothed Buddhists, was translated for Dr. Campbell, in 1849, by one Aden Tcheba Llama.* The following is the substance of that erudite pundit's interpretation of the Grand Llama's titles, as impressed upon his great seal of state :

No. 1. I am Spiritual and Temporal chief of the Realm. Defender of the Faith.

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Chief of all the Boodhs.

Head Expounder of the Shastras.
Caster out of Devils.

The most learned in the holy laws.

An Avater of God.

Absolver of Sins.

Above all the Llamas of the Dookpa Creed.
The best of all Religions, the Dookpa.

The Punisher of Unbelievers.

Unequalled in Expounding the Shasters.
Unequalled in Holiness and Wisdom.

The Head and Fountain of all Religion
Knowledge.

The Enemy of all False Avaters.

Vide, Dr. J. D. Hooker's "Journal of Himalayan Travels."

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CHAPTER VII.

FEUDAL INSTITUTIONS.

"By their works ye shall know them," said Jesus of Nazareth; men do not gather good fruit of thorns and briars, and, on the other hand, if the fruit presented to us be uneatable rubbish, we may fairly condemn the tree that produced it as being bad.

I purpose inspecting the Church system in its archi

tectural works.

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Mr. Pugin says very truly

"It will readily be admitted, that the great test of "architectural beauty is the fitness of the design to the purpose for which it is intended, and that the style of a "building should correspond with its use, that the spectator "may at once perceive the purpose for which it was " erected."

Again :

"There can be but little doubt, that the religious ideas "and ceremonies of different people, had by far the greatest "influence on the formation of their various styles of archi"tecture. The more closely we compare the temples of the "Pagan nations with their religious rites and mythologies, "the more shall we be satisfied with the truth of this "assertion."

Very good, Sir Pugin, what must we think when we find the very same symbols of the Deity in Christian churches, in the shape of molten and graven images, that obtained in heathen temples?

ECCLESIASTICAL ORNAMENTATION.

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The incarnation of Deity in humanity has been attended, in Eastern and copying systems, with the performance of certain mysterious rites that beggar all description. The scenes, the abominations, the symbols of worship, attending the inculcation of certain peculiar doctrines of incarnation and purifying atonement, are impossible to describe; but it is astounding when we find the form of animals and human members, symbolizing the passions and lust of the animal men of this earth, figuring in European churches, as they do in Oriental and Egyptian places of worship. It is even more wonderful to find Mr. Pugin, and other rational men calling themselves Christians, defending the appropriateness of these beastly exhibitions in a place consecrated to the worship of that power of holiness whom no man hath seen at any time, and who dwells in a light of immortality to which no mere man can approach and live.

It is admitted on all hands, that some reformation in the European church system was necessary when Luther raised his lion's roar against the glaring corruptions of the rotting temple; but we must not be hood-winked by partial admissions. The whole truth must come out, namely, that the entire Church was a festering corpse, poisoning the air, and better buried out of sight.

Mr. Pugin contends that Christian architects were men of original ideas, thus:—

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They borrowed their ideas from no heathen rites, nor sought for decorations from the idolatrous emblems of a "strange people. The foundation and progress of the "Christian faith, and the sacraments and ceremonies of the "Church, formed an ample and noble field for the exercise "of their talents."

This is rather dogmatic in tone, and like all dogmatic assertions seems based upon intuitive conviction. However we shall see this writer eat his own words very soon. He does not like the Bible apparently, for he remarks :

"The promiscuous use of the Holy Scriptures, and "various heretical works imported from Germany, had pro

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