Write in Latin.

1. At another time I might think1 so.

2. Without friendship no man's life could be truly called happy.

3. [If he were] intending-to-return2 home, he would not delay so long in business.*

4. A life remote from the society of men and the protection of laws would justly be reckoned wild' and dreary.3

5. Without help of the Gauls, Cæsar could not have overcome the Germans.

6. In extreme poverty1o old age cannot be a light [burden]. 2 Future participle.

1 Present subj.
4 negotior (gerund).

8 tristis.

3 moror.1

32. Comparative Particles.

§ 61, 1. (particles of comparison introducing conditional clauses); also the Remark, comparing § 59, 3. b (condition contrary to fact).

Examples.

1. Sed quid his testibus utor, quasi res dubia aut obscura sit?

2. Me juvat, velut si ipse in parte laboris ac periculi fuerim, ad finem belli Punici pervenisse.

3. Parvi primo ortu jacent, tanquam omnino sine animo sint.

4. Quasi vero haec similia sint!

5. Perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia legitima comprehensa sint!

you.

6. Quasi vero ego ad illum venire debuerim !

Write in Latin.

1. He walks as if he were lame.1

2. You speak to me as if you thought I were deceiving2

3. You spoke to me yesterday as if you thought I was deceiving you.

4. He spends [his] money as if he reckoned himself a rich [man].

5. He looks as if he had lived a year in-the-country.

6. He spoke of the monuments and antiquities as if he had lived a year at Rome.

3 loquor 3

4 largior

33. Temporal Clauses.

5 existimo.

§ 62, 2. with Note (absolute and relative time); also a, b (construction of ubi, postquam, etc., and of cum temporal), and e (cum causal and concessive).

a. Cum followed by the present or perfect subjunctive is almost always CAUSAL or CONCESSIVE, and is to be translated since, while, or although.

b. Cum followed by the imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive is more commonly TEMPORAL. In this case, it is sometimes to be translated when; but is often best rendered by a participle, present or perfect, in English.

Examples.

1. Cum ad villam veni, hoc ipsum nihil agere me delectat. 2. Cum fortuna reflavit, affligimur.

3. Ubi id Verres audivit, Diodorum ad se vocavit.

4. Pompeius ut equitatum suum pulsum vidit, acie excessit. 5. Simul ac primum Verri occasio visa est, consulem deseruit.

6. Postquam id difficilius visum est, neque facultas1 perficiendi dabatur, ad Pompeium transierunt.

7. Ita mulier, dum pauca mancipia retinere vult, fortunas omnes perdidit.

8. Dixerat hoc ille, cum puer rediit.

9. Cum ego illum vidi, jam consilium mutaverat.

10. Cum ver esse coeperat, Verres dabat se labori atque itineribus.

1 and no opportunity.

11. Jam ver adpetebat, cum Hannibal ex hibernis movet. 12. Argumentum tempestatis nautae putant, cum multae transvolant stellae.

13. Epaminondas cum vicisset Lacedaemonios apud Mantineam, atque ipse gravi vulnere exanimari se videret, quaesivit salvusne esset clipeus.

14. Res cum haec scribebam2 erat in extremum adducta discrimen.

15. Cum vita sine amicis insidiarum et metus plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias parare.

16. Homines, cum3 multis rebus infirmiores sint, hac re maxime bestiis praestant, quod loqui possunt.

17. Phocion fuit perpetuo pauper, cum ditissimus esse posset.

18. Cum multae res in philosophia nequaquam satis adhuc explicatae sint, tum perdifficilis et perobscura* quaestio est de natura deorum.

19. Cum sit in nobis consilium, ratio, prudentia, necesse est deum haec ipsa habere majora.

2 See § 58, 8.

8 while.

4 See § 17, 5. d.

Write in Latin.

1. When you come (fut. perf.), I shall go away.'

2. I was asleep2 when the doctor came.

3. I had scarcely3 read your letter, when Lentulus approached.*

4. When he had said this, he went away.

5. This he had said, when news-was-brought that the enemy were in sight."

6. When summer had begun,' he used-to-make his quarters at Syracuse.

7. When I reached home, my father had already gone.9 8. While he was speaking thus, his father arrived.10

9. When I come home at night," I take-comfort12 indoing nothing.

14

10. As soon as he saw his father coming, he ran-away.1 II. Since the time is-near,15 it becomes us all to be ready. 12. While I do not believe him to be a robber, yet I distrust him.

13. Will you not believe, when the thing is so plain ?16

18

14. I congratulate1 you that you have recovered1o your property at-last.20

21

§ 64, 1. with a (Final Clauses, with ut, ne, quo); § 65, 1. with a, b (Consecutive Clauses, with ut, quominus, quin).

a. The clause of Purpose is often to be translated by THAT, or in order that, with may or might (English Potential); but oftener by the Infinitive with TO: as, veni ut viderem, I came to see (that I might see).

b. The clause of Result is expressed in English sometimes by the Infinitive with TO, SO-AS-TO, or an equivalent: as, tam longe abfui ut non viderem, I was so far away that I did not see (too far away to see).

c. After verbs of hindering, quominus is most commonly rendered by FROM with the verbal noun in -ING: as, turba impedivit quominus viderem, the crowd hindered me from seeing.

d. But if the verb of hindering is negatived by NOT, or some equivalent, quin is used instead of quominus: as, turba non impedivit quin viderem, the crowd did not hinder me from seeing.

e. Purpose is NEVER to be expressed in Latin by the simple infinitive, as it often is in English. For the ways in which it may be expressed, see § 64, 2.

NOTE. Observe that in Latin these two constructions are precisely alike in the affirmative, but that in the negative one takes ne, and the other ut non. Thus, custoditus est ne effugeret, he was guarded so that he MIGHT not escape; but custoditus est ut non effugeret, he was guarded so that he DID not escape.

Examples.

1. Capuam proficiscar, quo facilius de Pompeii rebus cognoscam.

2. Ager non semel aratur, sed novatur et iteratur, quo meliores fetus possit et grandiores edere.

3. Haec ideo ad te scribebam,1 ne me oblitum esse mandatorum tuorum putares.

4. Quamobrem discede, atque hunc mihi2 timorem eripe: si est verus, ne opprimar; sin falsus, ut tandem aliquando timere desinam.

5. Helvetii legatos ad Caesarem miserunt qui pacem peterent.

6. Sunt multi qui eripiunt aliis2 quod aliis largiantur. 7. Verba reperta sunt quae indicarent voluntatem.

8. Arria gladium dedit marito quo se interficeret.

9. Helvetii diem dicunt, qua die ad ripam Rhodani omnes conveniant.

10. Natura oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit et sepsit, quas primum perlucidas fecit, ut per eas cerni posset, firmas autem, ut continerentur; sed lubricos oculos fecit et mobiles, ut et declinarent si quid noceret, et aspectum quo vellent facile converterent.

II. Non dubito quin hoc nuntio gaudeas.

12. In virtute multi sunt adscensus; ut is gloriā maxime excellat, qui virtute plurimum praestet.

13. Exspectari diutius non oportuit, quin ad castra iretur. 14. Caesar cognovit, per Afranium stare' quominus dimicaretur.

15. Non recusabo quominus omnes mea scripta legant.

I. Aeneas, that he might win1 the hearts of the Aborigines, called both the nations Latins.

2. Romulus, lest the greatness of the city should be void,2 opened a certain place [as] an asylum.