2. obtineret, held against the enemy.

3. impetu conabantur, were just trying by a rush (imperfect). 4. perfecti operis, of the finished task: = at having finished the task. The genitive is very often used, where we might expect a different case, when two nouns are closely connected, as here. 5. sustinuit, held in check.

7. sic armatus, armed as he was.

Io. comitio: the comitium was the place of patrician gatherings. It was an elevated part of the Forum. 12. pro, in proportion to.

quantum, as much as.

2. The Deed of Mucius Scævola.

1. 14. obsidio erat, the siege continued. —frumenti limits inopia. 2. expugnaturum [esse] se, that he should conquer, depending on spem habebat. In the future of indirect discourse, with the participle in urus, the infinitive esse is more commonly omitted. 5. ne deprehensus retraheretur, lest he should be seized and dragged back ("lest being seized," &c.).

7. senatum, governed by adiit as a transitive verb, as often with compounds of ad, trans, and circum (§ 52, 1. d).

8. si possim, if I should be able: the present subjunctive with si is generally to be rendered with should.

10. ferro, steel, poetic for gladio, sword.

2. 2. daretur, was [in the act of] being given.

(p. 153.) 1. adirent: observe that this subjunctive depends on cum, two lines before.

3. vadentem, as he went, agreeing with eum (understood), object following cum . . . retraxissent: when the king's attendants had seized (comprehensum), and dragged him back (“him having been seized").

3. I. vocant, understand me. —hostis is in apposition with ego, subject of volui.

2. est, understand mihi: I have ("there is to me") no less courage for death than I had for killing.

3. fortia, translate by an adverb, bravely. Romanum, a Roman

virtue.

4. petentium, of those seeking (or aiming at). The genitive petentium limits ordo, to be translated series or succession.

5. accingere (pass. imperat.), brace yourself up for this conflict if it pleases you. — in singulas horas = from hour to hour.

6. capite tuo, for your life: the stake or prize of the conflict being taken is the abl. of price. dimices, habeas, pres. subj., following ut, so that you may, &c.

7. juventus, in appos. with nos (understood), subject of indi

cimus.

8. nullam timueris (the perf. subj., used for the imperative in prohibitions: see Lesson 16, 1. c.): fear no army, &c.

4. 2. nisi jaceret, unless he should instantly declare plainly the threats of plots against him, which he threw out by dark hints (ambages). The noun (minas) is here, as commonly in Latin, in the relative clause.

3. en tibi, look you! vile, worthless.

8. in te

yourself, &c.

ausus, you who have dared hostile deeds against

9. macte virtute, a common phrase of encouragement, like persevere in valor or merit. — macte is a vocative (=magis aucte), though here used in indirect discourse.

from me by kindness what you could not by threats.

5. ceciderit, fut. perfect, to be translated by the simple future,

as it shall fall to each first [in his turn].

6. Mucium, object of secuti sunt.

7. Scævolæ, dative (see p. 88). — clade, loss.

9. agro, ablative following ex in excessit.

3. The Escape of Clalia.

1. 2. una ex obsidibus, for una obsidum: this form is more common than the genitive after numerals (§ 50, 2. e. R.1).

6. quod ubi, when this, &c. (see Note, p. 131).

8. alias

...

facere, made the others of no great account. 10. præ se ferre, asserted or declared. pro rupto, as broken. II. sic... remissurum, so (on the other hand), if surrendered, he would restore her unharmed to her friends (suos).

2. 1. constitit, remained firm. ex foedere, according to the treaty.

6. probabile, etc, it was approved by the general feeling (consensu) of the hostages themselves, that [the persons of] that age should be released, &c.

SELECTION I. I. sonus is limited by ferri, and subject of reddebatur. - longius e proximo, at a distance, close by.

2. inhabitantibus (dative), translate by (strictly on the part of). — vigiliam, object of sequebatur. In English, the passive construction would be more natural: watching was followed by, &c. causis, than the cause of it (the fear). -solitudine, to solitude. The Latin often uses the ablative to denote the penalty.—tota, i. e. entirely.—proscribebatur: the imperfect means not it was advertised, but the advertisement was kept up. · seu vellet, in

case any one should wish.

3. quia gives the reason of percontatus.

simulacra.

audita is taken with

4. ubique, i. e. everywhere else. —stabat: the imperfect describes the appearance of the phantom.

5. capiti, over the head.-catenis: translate as accusative, rattled the chains, noticing the difference of idiom. — idem, governed by innuentem. — quod prius, i. e. innuerat. — nec, and not; as it is very often, much oftener than nor. - desertus, i. e. after he was thus abandoned. — signum, in apposition with herbas, etc., as a mark

6. quae corpus reliquerat, i. e. which had been left by the body (its decay). — exesa, i. e. by rust. conditis manibus, the ghost being laid. — caruit, was relieved, i. e of the disturbance which is implied by the whole of the preceding.

SELECTION II. I. otiandi depends on causā. — quod cum, and when this (§ 45, 6). — Canio, dative following licere, that Canius might use them.

2. qui esset = inasmuch as he was. got ready.

apparatum, sc. est, was

3. tantumne, such a quantity: the ne only continues the question. — gravate, i. e. agebat, a kind of idiom. — quid multa, i. e. dicam another common idiom which should be noticed as such. -impetrat, i. e. his request. - instructos, agreeing with hortos. nomina facit, makes out the bill (so used on account of the name in the account-book).

eos

4. scalmum nullum, i. e. not so much as a thole-pin.· nullos, none of them, a regular Latin idiom. nullae, sc. feriae. — quod, so far as (adverbial accusative.)

SELECTION III. — I. constat, is made out from (lit. stands together). — hoc. persuasum est, are persuaded of this. Notice

the idiom, which is regular.

་

quam eandem, etc., the same whom

they call.

SELECTION IV.- -I. ea, antecedent of quae, coming last, as usual in Latin. - serendi depends on scientia.

5. se refers to terga. - latitudines, plural (as often in Latin) because he is thinking of many cases or examples. fissione, etc.; the early time when the ground had to be broken, and of course cattle were more necessary. aureo, i. e. the golden age. carier: formerly the infinitive passive ended as here (an extract from an old poet) in er. manu, connected with vinctum. — vesci, subj. of haberetur.

- fabri

6. longum est: we should say in English it would take too long (see Gr. § 60, 2. c). — pro sale, instead of salt, i. e. merely to keep it from spoiling (ne putesceret). — pecude depends on fecundius. 7. Pronoea, Providence, in our modern sense; an idea of the Stoics, one of whom is here speaking, hence nostra. Epicurea (pred.), an Epicurean; fem. on account of the gender of Pronoea. The idea is that Providence seems to be an Epicurean in providing so many good things for the appetite.

8. stirpibus, bushes, that have stems.-herbis, plants, grasses and the like without woody stems.

9. licet, you may, taken with lustrare. - plurimarum, etc., very many things of use (lit. the usefulness of many things).

SELECTION V.- essent, the subject is the implied antecedent of qui, men who. — quoddam, a. This word is used because the thing, though only referred to indefinitely, is however definitely known. esse deos, that there are gods.

SELECTION VI. I. senile, characteristic of old men.

prae

dicet, from praedico, āre. aetatem, Gr. § 52, 1. b. quam belongs with suavitatem: the relative is often displaced in this way by a preposition connected with it. - dux ille, Agamemnon, the chief of the Trojan expedition.

2. equidem: the force of this word is concessive. The idea is, "though I cannot make the same boast that Cyrus (I wish I could), still this I can say, &c." The Latin particles have just this kind of force, and we cannot begin too soon to notice them. - quidem, again concessive (see preceding note). Translate, though I have not, &c., still (sed tamen). -ego: notice that it is emphatic, I for my part. Do not get the habit, because in English the personal pronouns are expressed, whether emphatic or not, of disregarding their emphasis when expressed in Latin.

NOTE. For the principal parts of verbs (when not given in full), and for the inflection of some proper names, see Vocabulary No. II. For Numerals, see pages 21, 22. The figures in parenthesis refer to the Table of Synonymes.