e m

cent a month turnover. A cotton-mill erator in one year hires ninety-six en to keep twelve positions filled. A nachine industry in New York State red 18,000 men to keep 900 men at ork."

IVER JOHNSON

any it

s that

& prt

teadily

THE TOUGHEST TOWN IN THE VALLEY

BY JAMES RACE

The prize-winning letters in The utlook's third contest, which called for ng atories of "Mine Own People," were pubpershed in last week's issue of The Outlook.

'his is one of the letters which failed to in a prize, but which certainly deserves Senen ublication.-THE EDITORS.

businHE little city-12,000 inhabitantsimprora

where I happened to be summoned nce to work seventeen or eighteen years ago mantvas called "the toughest town in the etal falley." It had more than sixty saloons, end a saloon morale. Its politics were es proad, influenced by notoriously contemptitof tle political habits. There were mean R. Erides, jealousies, clique habits, insus, of larity, and a hundred other more or less t si nentionable things.

a si My job was newspapering. I could be th 1ne of the crowd, or I could seem to set serv lyself above my environment, scorning

-an attitude of some very good and eheputable people. I soon had no regular Don b. I became a free lance. The Outlook elped me live occasionally. Other agazines, newspapers, trade journals, nd even book work were sources of an ften slender income. I was, however, adependent. No man could come to me nd say he could take away my job if

mpts t

loye

erenc

na

Upon called a notorious politician by his

be th

stab

lved

ctions, or if I described the conditions nat existed.

This, then, I could and did do. I gave, oughly speaking, two or three hours a Lay to public work. I called public of work anything that would help raise the the morale of the community. In the course etrof this work I headed off-for a little sting while-in some measure a great water parower grabbing scheme. In another si aeasure I was active in stopping stealibleng from State timber lands. In a ides hird measure I helped good candidates gainst mere tools or worse.

odo

or c

Sometimes it seemed as though the Oork wasn't worth doing. Why should at bother when the very people whose onsciences I awakened in public maters hated me for it? Why should I emand that the city dump-cart job go the lowest bidder? Why should I are if the local schoolboy fraternities there notorious holes, where beer and, dorse, carousing went on? They laughed

Seri

my enthusiasm; but shortly the fraternities went out of business, and I see those boys, men grown now, doing good business, stalwart men of the munity.

com

I'm no preacher, not a missionary, don't even go to church; but both my Sons found their own church, and joined it the same day, 11 and 13 years of age. Their mother left a church to go with them into the new one, because the conditions in her church were insufferable

Protect your store

Daring attempts at robbery and violence occur with alarming frequency.

Don't be caught helpless in an emergency. Get an Iver Johnson-the only automatically safe revolver. Bump it, jolt it, thump it, or "Hammer the Hammer." It cannot discharge accidentally.

Piano-wire heat-treated springs, instead of the ordinary flat springs, which have a tendency to snap, keep the Iver Johnson alive and ready for the moment when it is needed for self-defence.

Quick, accurate, sure in action.

All calibres in hammer and hammerless models. Regular, Perfect Rubber, and Western Walnut grips. If your dealer hasn't in stock the particular model you want, write us. Iver Johnson's Arms & Cycle Works, 193 River St., Fitchburg, Mass. 99 Chambers Street, New York 717 Market Street, San Francisco

HOTEL JUDSON 53 Washing

ton Square adjoining Judson Memorial Church. Rooms with and without bath. Rates $3.50 per day, including meals. Special rates for two weeks or more. Location very central. Convenient to all elevated and street car lines.

Real Estate

BRITISH WEST

INDIES

GLASGOW ESTATE JAMAICA, B. W. I.

Bungalow near Mandeville and within

21⁄2 hours' motoring from Kingston 2450 feet above sea level. Fully furnished stone house containing 4 bedrooms, 1 drawing room, 1 dining room, bathroom, pantry, etc., 10 foot verandah on three sides, garage, also all necessary outhouses. 55 acres-flower and vegetable gardens, grazing pastures. orchards, 23 head of cattle. Will rent for £300 per annum. Address F. N. Whitelake, Grange Hill, Jamaica, B. W. I.

one 8 rooms, bath, sleeping porches, screened throughout; one 3 rooms, bath; facing Indian River, short drive to ocean beach. Garage. 2 acres in grove. 700 ft. dock. For particulars address Box "M," Cocoa, Fla.

MASSACHUSETTS

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES COOKING for PROFIT. Karu handsome income: home cooked food. catering, te room. etc. Correspondence course. Au School Home Economics. Chicago.

STATIONERY

WE are told that many people read our little advertisement week after week and at last write for samples. Why not do it now instead of waiting longer. 200 sheets note paper and 100 envelopes printed with your name and address $1.50. Lewis, 284 Second Ave., Troy, N. Y.

HIGH class business printing. Letterheads and office stationery our specialty. Every o'der will receive our personal attention. Th Vidette," Columbus Grove, Ohio.

HELP WANTED

Professional Situations WANTED, for Bernardsville, N. J. registered trained nurse for rural district nursing. A fully furnished house, light, heat, telephone, and transportation provided. Salary $125 per month. One month's rac tion a year with salary. Nurse must find: housekeeper, who may be relative, friend, or servant. There is also a vacancy for an infant welfare nurse. Please reply to Visiting Nurse Association of Somerset Hills, P. O. Box 4, Far Hills, N. J.

Companions and Domestic Helpers WANTED-Companion-secretary. Chicago in winter, New Hampshire in summer. Must be interested and willing to help with vegetable and flower gardens. Permanent position. In reply state experience, refer ences, and salary expected. 433, Outlook.

WANTED- Working housekeeper to de cooking only. Must be experienced and will ing. Salary $80. Wanted also, mother helper to do sewing, and hel

(Near 5th Avenue) 40 West 45th Street

NEW YORK

Directly in the fashionable club and shopping section. Within five minutes' walk to all principal theaters. A high-class hotel patronized by those desiring the best accommodations at moderate cost.

Rates and map gladly sent upon request.
JOHN P. TOLSON, Prop.

Health Resorts

LINDEN The Ideal Place for Sick People to Get Well Doylestown, Pa. An institution devoted to. the personal study and specialized treatment of the invalid. Massage, Electricity, Hydrotherapy. Apply for circular to ROBERT LIPPINCOTT WALTER, M.D. (late of The Walter Sanitarium)

66 'INTERPINES"

Beautiful, quiet, restful and homelike. Over 26 years of successful work. Thorough, reliable, dependable and ethical. Every com fort and convenience. Accommodations of superior quality. Disorder of the nervous system a specialty. Fred. W. Seward, Sr., M.D., Fred. W. Seward. Jr., M.D., Goshen, N. Y.

Attractive summer cottages for sale, now vacated. Ocean view, good yard, modern conveniences. $3,500 to $75,000. Cottages to let, furnished, now and 1922 season.

MISS THURSTON, Agent

20 Pleasant St., tel. 80, Rockport, Mass.

NEW JERSEY

LEONIA, N. J.

FOR SALE

8-Room Fireproof House. 2 baths, large plot, 20 minutes by trolley to Fort Lee ferry. Price $15,000. Phone Leonia 721.

For Sale-Mountain Lakes, N. J.

"The Summit Outpost," our $35,000 new, beautiful home on top of hill, is too large for us, and we will sell same with some furnishings at less than cost. Has $10,000 first mortgage, and I will take a second inortgage if necessary. Full particulars, photos, etc. C. W. SMITH, 58 Lookout Road, W, Mountain Lakes, N. J.

IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS
TOKYO

for full information Rates for a single room without bath and with 3 meals, $5-6 in cities and popular resorts, $4-5 in the country

Hotels and Resorts

CONNECTICUT

A private sanitarium for invalids and aged who need care. Ideal surroundings. Address for terms Alice Gates Bugbee, M.D. Tel. 241.

Apartments

Private House 2 suites, baths and improvements: 4 rooms housekeeping, $120; 2 rooms non-housekeeping, $60. 82 MacDougal St., Manhattan. (Spring 1883).

Board Wanted

zona. The great Roosevelt Dan is watering a farm for you. Fertile, easily worked soilwill make you a good living and money in bank. Twenty to forty acres enough. Moderate cost, easy terms. Raise alfalfa, grains, sorghums, cotton, poultry, live stock, early vegetables, oranges, grapefruit and lemons. Delightful winter climate, ideal for dairying. Write for free Arizona land folder. C. L. Seagraves, General Colonization Agent, Santa Fe Ry, 962 Railway Exchange, Chicago, or a letter to Chamber of Commerce, Phoenix, Arizona, will bring you full information.

gas fireplaces. Laundry, vegetable. furnace, and coal rooms in basement. Address

OWNER, Box 137, Alfred, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED

LADY agents wanted to sell an article of universal demand; quick seller: takes at sight. Liberal pay. Address Box 2685, Boston, Mass.

EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES WANTED-Competent teachers for public and private schools. Calls coming every day. Send for circulars. Albany Teachers' Agency, Albany, N. Y.

CALIFORNIA.-We can place in California and Arizona college graduates with postgraduate study and seventeen months' teaching experience, from the East, after this date in lair quantity. Boynton Teachers' Agency, Brockman Bldg., Los Angeles.

Miss

DIETITIANS, secretaries, cafeteria managers, governesses, matrons, housekeepers, Social workers, superintendents. Richards, Providence, R. I. Box 5 East Side. Boston, Trinity Court, 16 Jackson Hall, Thursdays 11 to 1. Address Providence.

PLACEMENT BUREAU for employer and employee: housekeepers, matrons. dietitians, governesses, secretaries, mother's helpers, attendants. 51 Trowbridge St., Cambridge, Mass.

WANTED-Teachers all subjects. Good vacancies in schools and colleges. International Musical and Educational Agency, Carnegie Hall, N. Y.

FOR THE HOME

HONEY- Wholesome and delicious new buckwheat honey direct from producer. Warranted pure and clean. Children enjoy honey sandwiches. 10 pounds $1.80, 5 pounds $1.00, postage prepaid Zones 1, 2, 3. Herbert A. McCallum, Great Barrington, Mass.

$60. I

Country New Hampshire all the year. Refine home with all modern conveniences, includ ing electric stove. No servants need apply th Prefer ladies who have had their own homes In reply state experience, age, give refe ences. 434, Outlook.

WANTED-Dietitian in large State hospit in the West. One with experience preferre Good salary and full maintenance. Applica will please furnish photograph. 468, Outloo WORKING housekeeper for family of thr in apartment on Beacon Hill, Boston. Gohome and wages for right person. No w ing. References. 472, Outlook.

MOTHER'S assistant or nursery govern to take care of baby two years old. S salary expected. 475, Outlook.

YOUNG woman wanted by or before Oc ber 20 to care for three children (3.5. an years) and their rooms. Experience unne sary, or will take experienced person. 1 other refined American help kept. No vants need apply. Regular time off. Reff home, every consideration. New York ( winter, country summer. Excellent re ences required. Write, stating salary desi 457, Outlook.

Teachers and Governesses WANTED - An experienced teacher Latin and French in secondary school 1 whites in lower South. Salary $1,000 board. Term begins Sept. 21. 396, Outlo

ra

ter

WANTED, ABOUT DEC. 1, NURSE all GOVERNESS for two little boys (aged 6 11⁄2 years respectively) in professor's fa moving South. Will spend 8 months in a university town in Alabama, 4 sun months in New England. Communicate Mrs. Edmund G. Howe before October 314 Collins St., Hartford, Conn., after date Box 436, Tuscaloosa, Ala.

EXPERIENCED nursery governe assist in care and training three childre 6, 4. Two older children attend day sel Near Boston. References required. Noh work. State wages. 418, Outlook.

WANTED-Governess for boy of eight girl of five. Country home about 100 from Detroit on Lake Huron. Handw French, and music desirable, but not sential. Character and personality impor References exchanged. 467, Outlook.

GOVERNESS for girl six years old, delphia suburbs. Desires educated an fined young woman. 452, Outlook.

SITUATIONS WANTED

Professional Situations ASSOCIATE for girl or woman (Pr ant) whose case requires individual and attention. Specially interested in cor ing mental mal-adjustments. 423, Outlo TRAINED nurse-companion-secretar sires position with refined persou. W to travel, either here or abroad. Ad Richn Trained Nurse, 2319 Stuart,Ave.,

NURSE, Scotch, 7 years' reference, estant, well trained and competent, seamstress, desires care of infant or y child. Jane Lindsay, Rydal, Pa. Telep Ogontz 756 (near Philadelphia).

REGISTERED nurse wants public h position, visiting, school, or industrial. with maintenance. 459, Outlook.

Business Situations CAPABLE stenographer wishes wo country or quiet place, not necessarily say graphic work. 441, Outlook.

SECRETARY.college graduate, five y experience in bookkeeping, stenogra correspondence, etc. Good references. Outlook.

THE TOUGHEST TOWN IN THE VALLEY (Continued)

For a woman trying to help along in her

own way.

We helped carry the city, to every c's astonishment, for woman suffrage In the decisive New York State cam

aign. We lost the city two to one in a fight against liquor; but saw the Nation go dry. I have defeated men for office oftener than elected them to office. Utterly independent, known as a "wild mar" and erratic, unstable, and all the rest: yet I passed the word that elected a good mayor, have waged hopeless Total campaigns, and saw long afterwards my ideals realized in later conditions.

Suffragist, prohibitionist, Progressive, Republican, usually independent, supporting Roosevelt locally, not big enough for State effects, yet by a third of a colun.n exposing a scheme that killed a nan's chances for Governor under a Barnes-Sherman-Bossy scheme, I've found Mine Own People good and satisfactory to live among. Had they been better people, I should have had less work to do. Had they been better than I am, unquestionably I should have been Emuch better than I am now, or can hope ever to be.

All I want is to see the right, to do it. A man can try to do that anywhere. I've been threatened with assassination, warned I'd be sent to jail, arrested for abating a nuisance-fact! but acquitted and nuisance stayed abated-but more and more we mutually understand. In many ways my neighbors are better than I am. I do learn much from them. Also, I hear them say the things I thought ten or fifteen years ago.

The fact is, probably, I think a lot more of my neighbors than they do of ne, for I'm rather uncomfortable with whom to live in the same town. I hurt their feelings; they hurt mine; but mostly we're all of us a sight better than We used to be, and our children are going to be better yet!

That's us!

SITUATIONS WANTED

Business Situations ECRETARY-Young woman with several experience in secretarial work of trust responsibility wishes permanent position. able October 15.References. 455, Outlook. mpanions and Domestic Helpers OUSEKEEPER, managing-Settled, exenced, assist general light duties; no ng; good practical nurse; fitted for class home position. References. 470, tlook.

OUNG woman, refined family, desires ion in congenial ranch home as comon to small children or young wife and with housework. 471, Outlook. ANTED-Entire charge of young motherchildren in private family (Protestant) Poung woman of refinement. Address M.

Stacey, 40 Park Place, Geneva, N. Y. OMAN, proprietor and manager of 100 high class summer hotel, desires posifor winter. Preferably in South. Has Well-trained cooks. 482, Outlook. OMAN of refinement and education deposition as secretary-companion to lady couple. Willing to travel. Best of creden Address Mrs. Marguerite Phillips, rlotte, Mich.

LADY with ample leisure and wide experithe management of larger or smaller bolds, desires position as visiting houseer, companion or secretary in New York

y. 255, Outlook.

SITUATION as care taker in country home.

Outlook CLERGYMAN'S tion as MOTHER'S

DAUGHTER desires

HELPER

or

HOUSEHOLD ASSISTANT. Excellent ref

438, Outlook.

WE

SITUATIONS WANTED Companions and Domestic Helpers HOSTESS or housekeeper in club, or housemother in boys' or girls' school. 460, Outlook. CULTURED New England woman to care for gentleman's home or chaperon young lady. Best of references. 461, Outlook.

NURSE, companion, experienced traveler: can manage domestic help. Cheerful. Excellent references. Miss Sarah H. Cole, Box 65, Amenia Union, N. Y.

CHAPERON-Refined lady, capable taking full charge. Highest references. 464, Outlook:

1

WANTED. Experienced woman wishes position as working housekeeper for business women, widower, or companion to semiinvalid. No objection to children. 448, Outlook.

YOUNG lady, educated in Paris, speaking French, graduate of the Brearly School, two years and a half experience, desires position as secretary-companion to lady or chaperon to young girl. Would tutor children from five to eleven. Highest references given. Traveling or near New York preferred. 451, Outlook.

EDUCATED, refined American Protestant widow desires position as companion, chaperon, or nurse semi-invalid. Accustomed to travel. 479, Outlook.

PRESENT employer desires to place expert reliable, capable of managing large or housekeeper of high character. Experience establishment. 480, Outlook. MOTHER'S assistant where maid is keptchildren or not. 481, Outlook.

REFINED woman, seamstress, assist light housework. Reasonable. 484, Outlook.

YOUNG woman desires position as companion or governess for children with refined family. Protestant. References. 474, Outlook.

SITUATIONS WANTED Companions and Domestic Helpers WANTED-Position as companion in cultured family. Will assist with housekeeping if desired. 454, Outlook.

CATERING HOUSEKEEPER in girls' school by woman of education, who is proprietor and manager of small high class suminer hotel. Would bring own, well-trained cooks. Has two young daughters to educate, who are at present attending private day school. 483, Outlook.

Teachers and Governesses YOUNG man, experienced in child caring institution, settlement work, case work, and teaching, desires executive position in home for boys. Best references. 341, Outlook.

WANTED-College or normal school teaching or administrative position. Experience offered: Education-A.B., A.M., Phi Beta Kappa; successful work as educational executive; teaching experience in higher schools; much practice in public speaking; successful work as business administrator. Address 462, Outlook.

TUTORS Two gentlemen, Manhattan residents, twelve years' teaching experience, will tutor backward or advanced pupils. Grammar or high school subjects. Individual or classes. 465, Outlook.

ENGLISHMAN and wife (American), many years' experience of boarding and day schools, offer their services as principals to first-class private school. Immediate engagement desired. Personal interview. Capable of big Highest references. Apply, undertaking. preferably by wire, 478, Outlook.

DAILY governess or mother's helper. Elderly woman desires care child, part time. References. 485, Outlook.

MISCELLANEOUS

BOOKKEEPING self-taught in a week. "Dukes' Columnar Bookkeeping," postpaid $2. Newton A., Dukes, Box 13, Fox St. Station, New York.

BOYS wanted. 500 boys wanted to sell The Outlook each week. No investment necessary. Write for selling plan, Carrier Department, The Outlook Company, 381 Fourth Ave., New York City.

MISS Guthman, New York shopper, will send things on approval. No samples. References. 309 West 99th St.

AUTO camping outfit for sale. Used three weeks. For particulars address 424, Outlook.

TRUNKS, bags, suitcases. Why pay two middlemen profits? Buy from factory direct. Send for free catalog. Monarch Trunk Factory, Spring Valley, Ill.

BOARDING school for boys. Scholarship materially reducing cost of board and tuition for services in office and library. Applicants must be over fifteen years of age and must furnish testimonials of good character and scholarship. Address 456, Outlook.

OLD subscriber to The Outlook has an almost unbroken series of copies of The Outlook running through a period of many years and she would like to dispose of them at a moderate price. Also the pictures "Wide Awake" and "Fast Asleep," which many years ago were given as a premium with a subscription to The Christian Union. All in good condition. Address Mrs. C. W. Dubendorff, Box 72, Myton, Utah.

M. W. Wightman & Co. Shopping Agency, established 1895. No charge; prompt delivery. 44 West 22d St., New York.

$395

for special 10-lb. pail shipped on approval, express prepaid.

Will you let us send you a ten-pound pail of fine, fat, new-caught, freshlypacked, Gloucester Fall Mackerel-at our risk, express charges paid right to your home?

For 33 years "THE SMITHS" have selected from the Gloucester fishing boats the very choicest of each season's catches and preserved all their fresh-caught flavor and goodness for thousands of folks who live far from the sea.

Send no money-just write your name and address on the coupon and mail it. Your mackerel will come by fast express, fully prepaid. Try them, and if they are not the best mackerel you have ever、 eaten, send the rest back at our expense and you owe us nothing. Otherwise, a check for $3.95 squares the account.

A

BY

SCOTCH cabman, according to the London "Sunday Express," was driving an American sightseer around Edinburgh. He stopped suddenly, and, with a wave of his whip, announced: "That is John Knox's house." "Who is John Knox?" asked the American. cabman was dumfounded. After a pause he blurted out: "But, do ye never read your Bible, mon?"

The

The story of the patriotic Greek prisoner of classic times, who burned his hand off in the fire to show his fortitude when asked by his captors to betray his country, is matched, though in a different way, by a modern instance in Japan told about in a recent book. The Japanese patriot was a criminal condemned to be hanged, just at the outbreak of the war with Russia. He had hoarded two yen while awaiting his fate. The jailer urged him to spend them in a final feast. Instead, he declared that he would leave them to help the Government which had decreed his death!

The literary methods of Strindberg, the Swedish author, are described in a book called "Strindberg the Man." "All the long afternoon and evening," the novelist declares, "I walk about gathering material for the next day's work. During my morning walk my thoughts are being further condensed, and when I return I am fully charged like an electric machine. After having put on dry clothes-for I always get into a perspiration-I sit down here at my writing table. As soon as I have paper ready, it breaks loose. The words literally swamp me, and the pen works under high pressure to get it all on the paper. When I have written for a while, I have a feeling as though I soared in space. Then it seems as if a higher will than my own caused the pen to glide over the paper and made it record words which appear to me as pure inspiration."

The five-year-old had found a kitten, "Harper's Magazine" tells us. After keeping it a day he named it "Mary." "How did you find out that it was a 'girl cat'?" his grandmother asked. "Well," replied William, "I watched her, and she washed her face, and she washed her ears, and she washed behind her ears, and nobody but a girl cat would wash behind her ears."

umn,

Apropos of the uniform of Scotch regiments, spoken of recently in this cola subscriber writes: "No Scot would enlist if not permitted to wear a kilt. The British Government on the ground of economy wanted to abolish it. But the Scots would not stand for it. A kilt of khaki cloth was worn during the war, and the ladies from hell,' as the Huns called them, did great service. The privilege of wearing the kilt, however, is not granted to all Scotch troops. For instance, the Glasgow regiments and the Borderers wear the tartan trews (trousers). A picture I inclose shows three Scots wearing a khaki apron over the plaided kilt. Two of these men were killed in the war; the third was so badly wounded in the face that now

he cannot eat anything but porridge no hardship to a Scot, as he cheerful says."

As a further example of "bi-lingu Shakespeare" (see Outlook, August p. 628), a reader says: "Almost hal century ago I heard 'Macbeth' given Edwin Booth in English and by M. Janaushek in German. "Und wenn g. er hin?" (And when goes he hence Act I, Scene 5, as Janaushek spoke it her deep tone, seemed to me the mo impressive utterance I ever heard."

Mme. Janaushek, some readers of the above paragraph will recall, was a na tive of Prague, Bohemia, and in her later appearances in the United States spoke in English, although with a somewhat marked accent. She outlived the period when great actors and actresses made tragedy popular, and died in poverty in Brooklyn.

At the summer festival at Stratfor on-Avon this year an example of bilingual Shakespearean rendition was given. A veteran Dutch actor, Louis Bouwmeester, played Shylock in his na tive tongue, supported by a new Shak speare Company in English. "Mr. Bouw meester's lines, of course," says the critic of the Manchester "Sunday Chrom icle," "were double Dutch to ninety-nine per cent of his audience, but the crowded house rose to him as though people were following every word. His epileptic fit after Jessica's flight carried no convic tion, but his rendering had many clever features."

Vienna, whose trade has suffered se verely from post-war conditions, has one concern whose activity has vastly increased, according to the Vienna paper called "Reconstruction." This is the State Printing Office, whose facilities have been taxed to print not only the enormous quantities of Austrian paper money, but the postage stamps for many of the newly constituted states of Cen tral Europe. This printing plant is one of the largest in the world. Its foreign types make possible, it is said, the print ing of books in 608 different languages and dialects, among them being included fonts in the American Indian Micmac tongue, whose alphabet requires no less than five thousand different types.

Nearly twenty-five hundred automo biles have been stolen in New York City during the last six months. Fords lead with over a thousand in this list, but nearly all known makes of cars are in cluded. "The automobile thief," says the "Herald," is as thoroughly organized as if he carried a union card in his pocket and paid dues. The only differ ence between him and other skilled craftsmen is that he never goes on strike." The method of these pirates is to steal a car and drive to a so-called privatė garage, where the car is stored and repainted and a new number plate put on. As long as the car remains in the garage no one can touch it without a warrant, and the car is often sold as a bargain to an innocent purchaser.

THE NATION AND THE UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM

W

HAT promises to be a thorough National study of the present unemployment conditions began in Washington last week with impressive addresses by President Harding and Secretary Hoover. The delegates, now increased in number to fifty-one, undoubtedly fairly represent the views of labor and of capital, as well as of the public at large, which is so deeply concerned.

The practical work of the conference began with the concrete measure of forming committees on nine separate aspects of the problem. The most im portant among these relate to using State and municipal public works as an emergency way of giving jobs to the jobless, and to other emergency plans that might be put in motion in manufacuring, transportation, construction, minthing, and shipping. The reports of these committees are due this week, and on them will be based the recommendations dof the conference.

Thi

se

ps

President Harding's address was marked by optimism, joined to a serious realization of the actual conditions. He inclined to lay stress on the fact that the problem was that of the world and not of this country alone. Thus he said:

Liquidation, reorganization, readjustment, re-establishment, taking account of things done and the sober Str contemplation of things to be done, the finding of firm ground and the open, sure and onward way-all these are a part of the inevitable, and he who thinks they might have been avoided by this plan or that, or this policy or that, only hugs a delusion, when reason is needed for a safe council.

ate

pla

ires!

The President pointed out that even under fortunate conditions there are always a million and a half persons in the ed! United States out of work. This may be called the parasite percentage, and the difference between it and the three or four millions now out of work indicates the stress of the present time, while -even that large number must always be ar measured by the vastness of our one hundred million population. Such a condition, the President pointed out, is not unheard of, and America has always met the difficulty courageously. haps the most significant declaration of the President was:

Per

I would have little enthusiasm for any proposed relief which seeks either

OCTOBER 5, 1921

palliation or tonic from the public treasury. The excess of stimulation from that source is to be reckoned a cause of trouble rather than a source of cure. We should achieve but little in a remedial way if we continued to excite a contributing cause.

In one point Secretary Hoover's view seems to disagree with the President.

SUPER-GOVERNMENT OR SELFGOVERNMENT IN INDUSTRY?

HE above title frames a question

Tof life or death to wage-earners,

investors, business men, clerks, farmers, dwellers in the city, and dwellers in the country. One way out-the only way that some people see is by employee representation.

was

a

Among the great corporations that have put employee representation into practice is the Pennsylvania Railroad. A few weeks ago representatives of the railway employees were selected by ballot to act generally with representatives of the management in deciding labor questions on the railway. A description of this was given in an article by Sherman Rogers in The Outlook of August 31. In the same issue printed Viceletter from President Atterbury, of the Pennsylvania Railroad, stating the policy of the management. This policy is opposed by certain great labor organizations. We have received from H. S. Jeffery, councilor of the Legal Department of the Philadelphia-Camden Advisory Boards of the American Federation of Labor, a letter requesting The Outlook to publish a statement representing the views of employees who are not satisfied with the plan adopted by the Pennsylvania Railroad. In accordance with the principle of stating both sides of controversial questions, The Outlook has acceded to Mr. Jeffery's request, and we are expecting a letter from Mr. N. P. Good, president of an organization representing certain employees of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and will publish that letter as soon as possible upon its receipt.

In the meantime the Railroad Labor Board has issued an order to the Pennsylvania Railroad which the President of the Railroad has declined to obey. The Outlook will comment editorially upon this question at the same time with the publication of Mr. Good's letter.

The Secretary of Commerce said, positively, "There can be no question that we are on the up grade," whereas the President remarked, "It is difficult to know whether we have reached that bedrock to which reaction runs before the upward course begins." Mr. Hoover, as

always, was practical and not rhetorical in his address. He urged that we avoid the plan adopted in some countries abroad of giving direct doles to men out of work, and considered that the most vicious of proposed solutions. In his opinion, it is impossible to decide on the best measures of relief until we reach a clear understanding of the volume and distribution of unemployment.

The country will look with hope and confidence to the results of this extremely important National conference.

RECESS IS OVER

CON

YONGRESS reconvened after its recess on September 21. It is expected that the House will mark time until after the Senate takes some action upon the two most pressing matters now un; der consideration. There first of all lies awaiting the Senate's ratification the Treaty with Germany. The indications are that there will be strenuous Democratic opposition to this ratification, but that the measure will be passed.

The Finance Committee of the Senate has already placed before that body the majority report on the Tax Bill. It is estimated that the taxes provided for by the Senate will yield some $3,324,000,000 this fiscal year, or $84,000,000 more than is provided for in the House bill. The Senate bill, it is estimated, calls for a reduction of some $136,000,000 from the present law.

A POLITICAL STRAW FROM
NEW MEXICO

FTER a National Administration is

A put into ofice politicians watch the

by-elections very carefully in an effort to determine the drift of the political tide. Sometimes these elections have little or nothing to do with National affairs, but a local Republican victory under a Democratic Administration or a local Democratic victory under a Republican Administration is always considered as an encouraging sign by the party which is out of power. In England, of course, a succession of defeats at byelections may result in an overturn of the Premier. So far as the President is 'concerned, he is safe for four years at least, but the country knows from experience what a change in the majority in either house of Congress may mean to the political fortunes of its National chief.

The first test in a by-election of im