natured amity. An English correspondent writes us, on the contrary, that they have been the subject of acute political controversy, arousing bitter party feeling in the overseas portions of the Empire.

The British position as to the second conference naturally is that lately stated by the First Lord of the Admiralty, that "the defense of an Empire, spread over all the seas of the world, cannot be sustained indefinitely by one small island in the North Sea." The British view is strengthened by the fact that the home country now has additional burdens to bear because of the mandates it has accepted in the East and in Africa, and because of the changes in the theories of sea and air warfare. There was a time when the phrase, "If you want our help, call us to your councils," was supposed to represent the Dominions' attitude. Now the feeling is certainly far different; participation in defense of the Empire under fair conditions and with the privilege of Dominion initiative is certain if the time comes when it is needed.

A FAMILY OF NATIONS

The accounts of sessions already helped by the Imperial Conferences indicate that there is a friendly feeling toward the League of Nations. It was brought out under the definition of Lord Robert Cecil that the object of the League was not to impose settlements but to bring about agreements, and to secure international peace not by force but by international co-operation. This he applied to the recent Turco-Greek and ItaloGreek questions, maintaining that the League had, within the definition just given, proved a beneficial influence.

In the tariff discussion in the Conference there is naturally a difference of opinion between the Dominions,

which feel the need of a protectionist policy for themselves, and the traditional conservative English view of almost complete free trade. Despatches state rather humorously that "the indications are that the Dominions intend to give the mother country an intensive educational course in the principles of protection."

One interesting development of the economic branch of the Conferences was the statement that the British Government is now prepared to lend its credit to help on the development of the smaller of the British colonies, and this, the President of the Board of Trade pointed out, was not philanthropy but was founded on the soundest business motives, as well as being helpful toward binding together the big and little overseas colonies and possessions of Great Britain. Debate was had on various economic topics, such as that of giving preference to all parts of the Empire over foreigners in trade and the scheme put forward by Premier Bruce, of Australia, for a purchasing pool for food and raw material for the Empire. Still another question under debate was the new naval base at Singapore, of which we have spoken in these columns. It is even possible that a wide scheme involving the imposition of a preferential tariff on some of the more important foodstuffs will be favored.

One interesting circumstance of the Imperial Conference is that coincidentally Southern Rhodesia begins life, so to speak, as a self-governing colony of the British Empire. Heretofore it has been a Crown possession, administered by the British South African Company for the whole of its previous thirty years of existence. It has now grown in prosperity and importance. in civilization and stands in its political entity as a permanent memorial to the genius and ability of Cecil Rhodes.

Sage Wild Life Refuge

Weeks 1

INVADING A SANCTUARY

HE Government with the help of private individuals and associa

tions has established some remarkable game refuges on the coast of Louisiana. Their location is shown in the accompanying map.

In the heart of this nest of refuges it has been proposed by Mr. Edward A. McIlhenny to organize a hunting club with a very large membership. We can think of nothing which would do more to injure the cause of game protection than the successful prosecution of this plan. If Governmental refuges are to be nothing but feeding grounds for private sporting clubs, the whole movement to create such protected areas will receive a black eye.

It might be perfectly proper to cre ate a public shooting ground near a game refuge, provided that proper bag limits were made and the protected area properly patrolled. Every public shooting ground should, in fact, contain a sanctuary where birds and game can rest undisturbed. To permit a private enterprise to monopolize a benefit which ought to belong to the people as a whole will stir up animosi ties and lead to the invasion of the sanctuaries themselves to an extent which would do irreparable damage.

It is curious to find this plan being put forward by Mr. McIlhenny as a conservation scheme. It is surprising also to note that Mr. McIlhenny was one of the fathers of the Rockefeller Refuge scheme, the chief purpose of which his present plan would undoubtedly destroy.

YANKEE DOODLE DANDY!

BA

this year.

OASEBALL came into its crowning glory in the World's Series of There has never been, we believe, a contest between two teams as replete with dramatic happenings as the tournament between the Giants and the Yanks, which resulted in a victory for the American League to the tune of four games to two. It was a victory for the bat over the pitcher's arm, for both teams fielded and ran with almost equal brilliancy. Babe Ruth, the Yankee's doughty champion. at last succeeded in coming through in a World's Series with the full power of his mighty club and with a record which was little marred by the fact that in the final game of the series he struck out with three men on bases and with one run needed to tie the score. His team mate, Meusel, shortly thereafter relieved the situa tion by driving in runs enough to tie

events of the baseball year.

Those who followed the World's Series have little doubt why baseball is the game popular above all others in America.

TEACHING HONESTY

T

HE report of the National Honesty Bureau to the effect that three billion dollars are taken from the American people every year through theft and treachery seems to justify the attempt of this new organization to present definite, regular courses for teaching honesty in the schools. "Inside" thefts, that is, embezzlements by trusted employees, have multiplied six times, and "outside" thefts more than twelve times, in the last ten years, the report states.

In the past, honesty instruction has been left largely to chance and has formed only a "dim, implicit background in the schools." The National Honesty Bureau, founded by William B. Joyce, of the National Surety Company of New York, with the co-operation of educators and other business men, is an experiment worth watching. Under the direction of Dr. William Byron Forbush, an "honesty book" has been prepared and distributed to teachers throughout the country. By means of stories, pictures, recitations, plays, and other educational devices the book emphasizes for children the desirability of being honest.

A programme for home and community co-operation is included. It is planned to study carefully the motives for dishonesty and to stress the practical value of honest living. The notion that it is clever to "get by" with some dishonest action has been found the basis for much juvenile misdemeanor. The National Honesty Bureau, with its backing of practical business men, will combat this current idea by showing that a code of strict integrity is demanded in modern business, that upon this ideal of honesty financial credit and positions of re

lets and martial law has passed, and the battles now fought are in legislative committees and in the newspapers. This is as it should be. The place to try out the issues between the Klan, the Governor, and the great body of people who care more for good government and peace than they do for either Klan or Government, is the Legislature and the courts.

The early sessions of the State Legislature were not pleasing to the Governor. There was much more interest shown in the proposal to impeach Governor Walton than there was in restricting the activities of the Klan. An attempt to disqualify members of the Klan who were also members of the Legislature in any vote for impeachment proceedings was promptly tabled. A programme of impeachment procedure is being formed as we write. Meanwhile, the Klan itself has publicly indicated its willingness to aid legislation forbidding the use of mask and hood and gown in public and restricting the use solely to meetings in the society's halls and in licensed parades. This is excellent so far as it goes, but it should be remembered that if an association plans secretly to "regulate" the community and carries out its behests by unmasked mobs the evil effect is practically the same as before. The Governor is right in demanding that perpetrators of mob violence should be severely prosecuted and punished and that the State should have lists of at least all officers of organizations.

That the Klan has not died out, as some observers claim, is indicated by the announcement that "the biggest Klan demonstration ever staged" was lately called for October 24 at Dallas, Texas, during the Texas State Fair, and that it was expected that perhaps 150,000 masked and hooded Klan members might parade.

PINCHOT PUTS PROHIBITION
UP TO THE PRESIDENT

IFFORD PINCHOT, Governor of

to patriotism, to the heroic, to pride in clean scholarship, and similar themes, is emphasized in the plan of instruction. It has long been realized that the teaching of theft is often an easy

out in meeting again on the question of enforcing the Prohibition Law. The occasion of his remarks was the Citizenship Conference at Washing

ton, and here are some of the things which he said:

Two facts stand out in the confused and troubled enforcement situation of to-day. One is the steadily in 1 creasing determination of decent people to have the law enforced. The other is the steadily increasing viola tion of the law by the criminal elements. The former was to be expected.

The reason for the latter is not far to seek.

The Eighteenth Amendment has been betrayed in the house of its friends. Measured by the respect ac corded it, it has failed, and the rea son is that no sincere, intelligent, and concerted Nation-wide effort has ever been made to enforce it.

He gave a history of the part which politics had played in the appointment of Federal prohibition directors in his own State:

Under the Federal Government our first and second prohibition directors in Pennsylvania were Democrats se lected for political reasons. To spread the mantle of charity over them, it may be said that they went out of office without having advanced the cause they were supposed to champion.

The third director was the notorious McConnell, a politician known to be opposed to the Eighteenth Amendment when he was appointed. McConnell's appointment, which was a scandal in itself, was promptly fol lowed by the release on alleged fraudulent permits of many hundreds of thousands of gallons of whisky, and a little later by his own indictment and that of a number of his assistants for such release.

McConnell's performance was pre cisely what must have been looked for by any one who knew him. It is difficult not to believe that what he did was expected and intended by the power to which his appointment was due. After McConnell the next direc tor made a record which offers no chance for praise. The next was of a wholly different character, but was removed when his work had scarcely begun.

Governor Pinchot gave high praise to the present director, William G. Murdock, who "is the first," he said, "in the history of enforcement Pennsylvania to whom the State may look for real results. Major Murdock and Mr. Sams, one of his colleagues in the enforcement work in eastern Pennsylvania (I do not know the en forcement officer in western Pennsyl vania, of whom I hear excellent re ports), have given convincing evidence of their desire to use every power at their command in compelling respect for the Constitution and laws of the United States." Later in his speech he added: "I wish to pay my hearty tribute of gratitude and re spect to the Federal Department of

ent made in Pennsylvania and for Fe admirable and untiring co-operaon the State administration has reived from that Federal Departent."

The troubles of the Pennsylvania Federal enforcement officers he mmed up in the following words:

Unfortunately, they are handicapped because the most elementary principles of good business management have been disregarded in the organization of the Government enforcement work. I refer, for example, to the unwise division of authority, to the fact that both of them are compelled to do their work through agents, of whose history and connections they have no knowledge and in whose selection they have no voice, and under rules and regulations iramed at Washington, which often Tail wholly to meet local conditions. Newspapers headlined the story of nchot's speech as an attack on resident Coolidge. It may be ground Fr an attack later on if the President esn't live up to the expectations of ose who are laboring to make the untry dry. When Governor Pinchot ys, "The President alone, in my inion, can meet the present emerncy," it seems that there is no reaIn why the President and the Govnor should not find themselves in arty accord. Very shortly there ll be a conference called at the hite House to consider this very oblem. After this conference there ould be no doubt as to the PresiEnt's position. He has been in office t two months and a half. It is a tle soon to expect him to solve all e problems of political influence and stility which have done so much to ndicap the Federal enforcement of Fe Volstead Act.

ND STILL THEY COME

ESPITE the mechanical restrictive limitations placed on American migration, the figures for the fiscal ar 1922-23 show how strongly the w of supply and demand continues govern the flow of aliens into Amer3. The total immigrant movement as 673,406, of which 522,919 were in e "immigrant alien" classification, hile the total outward flow was only 0,586, making the net increase in en population 472,820. This net crease has been exceeded only five nes since outgoing figures have been' thered by the Government-that is say, since 1907.

The notable net increases in populaon were: Negroes, 8,784; Cubans, 167; English, 48,808; French, 32,

Scandinavians, 35,071; Scotch, 39,289. The Irish and the peasant peoples of Central and Southern Europe in totals were far below those of pre-war years. The influx of Africans, Mexicans, and Cubans indicates the races that are taking the places of the unskilled workers from those regions.

There is no difficulty in naming the causes of the relatively large percentage of arrivals from Germany and northwestern Europe, particularly Scotland and England. Unemployment is high in Great Britain and the demand good in the United States. Living conditions in Germany for the middle class are most unsatisfactory.

As further reflecting the effect of the law of supply and demand, the occupations of the aliens who came is interesting. The number of professional men was fifty per cent higher than in 1922, the chief gains being among electricians (four times as many) and engineers (more than twice as many). This further shows the effect of European economic conditions on the middle class. The number classed as skilled workers was more than one-sixth of the total and twice as many as were admitted in 1922, the figures being 106,213 and 51,588 respectively. The chief gains in the skilled classes were in blacksmiths, carpenters and joiners, engineers, iron and steel workers, and various structural workers. Of farm laborers, 25,905 were admitted, as

(C) Underwood

RALPH PETERS

compared with 10,529 in 1922, and only 943 left the country, whereas 2,690 returned to their homes in 1922. As for unskilled laborers, 83,552 were admitted as compared with 32,726 last year, and only 32,912 left as compared with 100,058 in 1922.

One-sixth of the immigrants came over the Canadian border, and the number of those who returned from the United States was less than onesixth of this number. More than 75,000 Mexicans entered, while less than 3,000 had returned across the Rio Grande up to July 1.

So far as racial regulation is concerned, the quota law is fulfilling the intentions of those who framed it. The utilization of Mexican, Cuban, and African unskilled labor in place of that from Central and Southern Europe indicates the possibility of importing labor on a temporary basis such as is done in European countries and was done by us during the war. Every week finds public opinion growing in favor of some form of examination of prospective immigrants in their home countries. The dangerous monthly steamship races in New York Harbor and the economic hardships involved have awakened the entire country to the necessity for modifying the operation of the quota law.

A RAILWAY MAN AND
HIS COMMUNITY

ALPH PETERS, who died in Brooklyn on October 10, was for eighteen years President and General Manager of the Long Island Railway. He was an excellent example of the type of railway man that recognizes the common interest of the railway with the people it serves. They must prosper together or starve together. When the Pennsylvania system took over the Long Island road, Mr. Peters, as a result of long railway experience in various capacities, set deliberately to work to improve Long Island as a place in which to live and in order that the railway itself might prosper. For instance, he did all he could to encourage and promote market gardening and to knit closer the living and traveling relations between the island towns and villages and the metropolis. If we are rightly informed, it was largely due to Mr. Peters that proof was gained that what had been considered great stretches of barren sand and tough scrub oak were capable of bearing good crops. Thereupon the truckfarm industry grew marvelously.

More than this merely physical im

turer on poetry at Liverpool Univer sity, and the announcement that Rob ert Bridges, poet laureate of England has been invited to fill the creative arts fellowship at the University of Michigan next year, suggest a grow ing appreciation on the part of the universities for the work of the poet and the inspiration of the poet's per sonality. It is not a new thing, to b sure. One recalls that Thomas Gray occupied a chair at Cambridge with