"The Central Junta shall be employed in regulating the constitution of the kingdom, in reforming the civil and criminal codes, the revenues, &c. but it must communicate to the provincial Juntas its ideas on each subject, and adopt those resolutions which shall be approved by the majority of them."

"When the Central Junta grants a pension to any person, it must consult beforehand with the provincial Junta that is to pay it, and it will be its duty to resolve on it."

"The provincial Juntas, besides the other matters pointed out, will undertake to reform the economical and political system of their several districts, and will, for the information of the Central Junta, make known to it their regulations: they will confer all civil and ecclesiastical offices, giving notice to the Central Junta, which is to confirm their appointments: and the courts of justice shall protest against all infractions of their laws."

I have reason to believe, that all the other deputies were fettered in a manner similar with those from Valencia; but, having released themselves from their originally narrow restrictions, it is very difficult to obtain any information respecting them.

Men thus brought together, to administer the affairs of a great country in the hour of alarm and confusion, though possessed of the greatest talents, patriotism, and experience, could have done nothing without consulting their constituents, and, before this could have been effected, the enemy would have driven them from their place of assembly. I am, therefore, far from blaming the Junta for assuming the power, and using the name of Ferdinand, to sanction and give authority to its proceedings; but it has appeared to me proper to point out the cause of the election of such men as now

enjoy the supreme power. It is still difficult to explain how it came to pass, that men who had displayed such activity and energy, at the commencement of this important struggle, should have been found so deficient in judgment and foresight, as to be negligent in the choice of those to whom they delegated their power.

The public mind, never having been turned to political subjects, extreme ignorance upon these topics has been the natural consequence, and their best writers have never ventured to discuss matters relating to the extent, or limits of power necessary for the functions of government; but have generally confined themselves to political economy, as adapted to the actual state of Spain, at the period in which they wrote. Those persons, who had paid any attention to political subjects, had borrowed the ideas of Montesquieu, who certainly impressed his readers with jealous fears of the danger of unlimited power; which, however calculated for the tranquil times of Europe in which he lived, are ill-adapted for the present day.

In all my conversations with the Spaniards, who clamour for the convocation of the Cortes, I have felt a persuasion that they are not looking at the proper means of salvation; that an executive, not a legislative power, is what the present state of their country demands; that a dictator, not a senate, is the great desideratum. Whatever the state of this government may be hereafter, nothing can be worse than it is at present, and no change can injure the people, except French subjugation, an evil which, I believe, will never befall them, in spite of all their blunders and consummate indolence. The present system unites the evils of the three forms into which governments are usually divided, without possessing the ad

vantages of either, and in one desolating view, presents the debility of a worn-out despotism, without its secrecy or its union; the insolence and intrigues of an aristocracy, without its wisdom or refinement; and the faction and indecision of a democracy, without the animated energy of popular feeling. Hence all is doubtful, wavering, and indecisive, the resolutions of one day contradicting those of the preceding, and the labours of one section interfering with those of another, in a manner that produces universal confusion.

I shall dismiss this subject with observing, that the members are paid an annual salary of 4000 dollars; without which, many of them, whose estates are situated in parts of the country occupied by the French, and from which they can draw no revenues, would be unable to subsist, even with all their parsimonious economy.

BUILDINGS-FABRICA DE TOBACO-SNUFF-ST, ELMO-BAD NAVA

I BELIEVE, in my former letters, I wrote so fully politics of this country, that it is time to quit that subject an upon others, in which perhaps you will feel greater interest. is very pearance of this city different from that I have see any house occupies a large space of ground, and all have an ope within them called the Patio; in the centre of this space there ally a fountain of cool water, occasionally surrounded with orang and other evergreens. The streets are extremely narrow; ve are wide enough to allow two carriages to pass, in many ther sufficient room even to admit a single carriage, and the mark wheels are frequently visible on the walls of the houses. Se the streets indeed are so very narrow, that I have touched the site walls at the same time. The houses being lofty the sur penetrates to the bottom of these streets, and they have, hottest day, almost the coolness of our cellars. The pavem general is bad, and there is not, even in the widest streets, an

path for passengers, which however is of little consequence where there are very few carts or coaches. There are not many squares, nor open places in the city, but the environs have some beautiful public walks, one of them, by the side of the river Guadalquivir, is usually frequented by the principal inhabitants of the city. There are besides, two other very delightful walks, but as their situation is remote from the residence of the higher class, they are not places of much resort, though the municipality keeps them in excellent repair. Several of the public places are adorned with fountains, but as the water they contain is seldom cool, stalls are erected in various parts of the city for the sale of that necessary article, previously filtered porous through jars of

earth.

If there be little to admire in the streets generally, the public buildings are objects deserving the highest admiration. The Spaniards have always possessed considerable skill in architecture; and, as I have viewed the buildings of this city with great pleasure, I shall attempt a description of some of the most remarkable.

I shall begin with noticing a public building, which though of modern date partakes somewhat of the style which prevailed in Spain during the time of Charles the Fifth: it was erected for the purpose of carrying on the manufacture of tobacco, which being an article subject to heavy taxation has become a royal monopoly, so that no tobacco, nor snuff is permitted to be sold, in this part of Spain, This edifice is very large, is which does not belong to the crown. surrounded with a ditch, and has an handsome entrance from la Calle Nueva, the neatest street in Seville, of which the front of this building forms one side. It is two hundred yards in length, and an hun

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