immaterial; and before mind or the reasoning power, he produced consciousness, the internal monitor, the ruler."

"And before them both he produced the great principle of the soul, or first expansion of the divine idea; and all vital forms endowed with the three qualities of goodness: passion and darkness and the five perceptions of sense, and the five organs of sensation.”

The resemblance between the above, and the account of the creation, in the first chapter of Genesis, needs no comment to enforce it. The Apostle likewise says, "the worlds were framed by the word of God; so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear :"+ which is precisely the Hindu idea. Our Scripture rejects the metaphor of the egg, which the oriental nations retain. But the Hebrew account equally alludes thereto. They record, that "when the earth was covered with the waters, then the Spirit of God existed itself, that by its incubation, like a bird upon eggs, (for to this the Hebrew word alludes) it might not only separate the parts, but give a particular power thereto; so as to produce those things which God had intended." Again, "God formed the heaven or that part of this world, which

we behold above us; and the earth, or that part of this world which we behold below us; for such is the meaning of the two words heaven and earth." This the Hindus describe by the two divisions of the mundane egg; the upper part of which is descriptive of the heavens above, and the lower part the earth beneath. From their cosmogony we learn, first, their early belief in that divine Spirit, which first moved on the waters, and which for more than four thousand eight hundred years has been adored by them, as the Lamb of God, that existed before all worlds, under the epithet of Narayana, the Lord Heri, Cesava or the Eternal: and secondly, their early knowledge of the immortality of the soul. Having described the Deity, the chapter goes on to give a description of all created beings. Passing over the stanzas, we come to the creation of the first Menu, whom we have seen asserted by so many authors to be Noah.

"Having divided his own substance, the mighty power became half male, half female, or nature, active and passive; and from that female he produced Viraj."

"Know me," O most excellent of Brahmans, to be that person, whom the male power Viraj, having performed austere devotions, produced by himself; me the secondary framer of all this visible world."

* Menu.

The first-created is named by the Hindus Swayambhuva, and by the Phoenicians Protogonus. Sanchoniatho being a professed atheist, could neither admit the existence of a God, nor the divine Spirit that moved on the waters. He therefore forms his cosmogony from the elements. "The principle of the universe was a wind made by air, and a turbulent evening chaos." That this wind falling in love with its own principle, produced a mixture, which was called Desire, or Cupid; from which all things proceeded: that of the wind Calpias, and his wife Baau, were begotten two mortals, called Protogonus and on. In the Пloos of Sanchoniatho, interpreted Desire, or Cupid, is evidently depicted that divine love, which is admitted by all nations to have existed before all worlds; and in Protogonus, the first of created beings, we trace the general father of mankind. But, according to the new system of ancient mythology, not only the Oannes, but Protogonus, Ees, and the God of love, are

represented as different descriptions of the Patnosen, Noah, and the Orphic egg transformed into an ark, for his preservation. For we are informed that "at this season, according to Aristophanes, sable-winged night produced an egg, from whence sprouted up like a blossom Eros, the lovely and desirable, with his glossy golden wings; this

was certainly," says Mr. Bryant, "the egg of Typhon, an emblem of the ark when the rain descended; and it may, I think, be proved from a like piece of mythology in Orpheus concerning Protogonus, the first man upon earth, who was certainly designed to represent the great patriarch."

"I invoke Protogonus the first of men; him who was of a two-fold state or nature; who wandered at large under the wide heavens, inclosed in an ovicular machine, who was also depicted with golden wings. The same was the father of the Macaris: (styled heroes, demi-gods and dæmons) the parent of all mankind who dispelled the mist and darkness, with which every thing had been obscured."* Such is the passage in Orpheus, which this author produces in proof that Protogonus and Eros were equally emblematic of Noah. This account, originating in the Phoenician cosmogony, which produced the first of men from the winds, and denied the existence of divine spirit, blends the attribute of God with that of man, and makes the appearance of this first-created dispel the darkness of chaos, and become the secondary cause of all things. He is represented as of a two-fold nature, or male, or female. And so he was frequently

* Bryant, vol. III. p. 203.

In

considered by every nation, except the Hindus. The ancient Jewish Rabbis represent Adam as formed with two bodies, male on one side, female on the other; and the Scripture taken literally may be so understood. For we read, that "God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him, male and female created he them."* which it is implied that man was created in the plural on the sixth day.+ Subsequently, the Lord placed the man, whom he had formed, in the garden of Edent to dress it and to keep it, and brought every living creature before him to see what he would call them. But for Adam there was not found an help meet for him; the Lord therefore caused a deep sleep to fall on him, and from one of his ribs he made woman; § which, according to this reading was not until the eighth day, and consequently two days after he had blessed Adam in the plural. This misconception of the text is alluded to by the Phoenicians; who represent the first of men of a two-fold nature. Whereas, the Hindu scripture confines this two-fold nature to the creative attribute Brahma, who is worshipped under the symbol of the Lingam, in every village throughout Hindostan. No temples are consecrated to Brahma. But as the first divine male, Viraj, he is

Gen. i. 27. ‡ Ibid. ii. 15.

+ Ibid i. 31.

§ Ibid. ii. 18-23.