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long and no longer, the length of a butterfly's leg and a bee's tongue, and that the hairy styles approach just so closely the brim of the nectar cup, to the end that the heaven-sent flies and bees may carry the pollen of strong plants to such as are weak, and so transmit the best to generations yet to be. That weed which does otherwise if there is such a oneis false to the faith and to the, race; if many should follow in strange ways, the

race would be lost, for the winged hosts that Providence sends to minister to it would seek, in the cool mornings of autumn other purple-flowering weeds, and the chosen race would become no better than the infidel.

But John Stayhome, since he toddled to the yard gate and looked out between the slats, has seen the ironweeds grow tall in the little valley and cover it each fall with a mantel of that royal dye, dis

tilled in deep-sea beds, which the old Persians used to extract, with infinite pains, from little shells along the coast of Tyre. Meanwhile he has seen many times other species come and take possession of the land and flourish for a season as the green bay tree, only to become degenerate and ingloriously to die.

Immortality is to them that keep the

law.

Some Very Secret Service

A Second Article Exposing Organizations Trafficking on the Reputation

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of the methods they employ in fleecing that these words are included in order THE head of The Federal Secret Ser

the ignorant and the guilty.

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HIS article will be devoted to an account of the activities of two concerns, known as "The Federal Secret Service, Inc.," of Newark, New Jersey, and "The International Secret Service," of Trenton, New Jersey.

It is obvious that a private detective agency which would adopt titles such as the above has in mind the probability that ninety-nine out of a hundred people will mistake their agents for Federal officers.

Wouldn't you? If a man interviewed you and showed an official-looking badge and a photograph identification card to back up the statement that he represented The Federal Secret Service, would you be likely to divine the fact that he was not from the Government, but from The Federal Secret Service, Inc., of Newark, New Jersey-now would you? And, of course, when the speak-easy proprietor is approached by such a man he immediately thinks of padlock proceedings and is eager to grasp the opportunity of slipping the man a few hundred dollars rather than have his business embarrassed.

this is a "Federal" bureau?

The Newark office of this private agency is also known as the headquarters of "The Fifth District." Now it Now it happens that Newark is the headquarters of the Fifth District of the real Prohibition Bureau, and is also in the Fifth District of the Internal Revenue Service.

A friend of mine who was told to go to the office of The Federal Secret Service, Inc., and to inquire for "The Chief" was met by an office attendant who said, "The Chief is out; but I am the head of the Narcotic Division." Narcotic Division, indeed!

I caused a letter to be addressed to "The Federal Secret Service, Newark, N. J.," and put in the United States mail. Instead of going to the real Federal Bureau, on Washington Street, Newark, it was delivered by Uncle Sam's postman to the private detective agency. Can you imagine how many letters full of information regarding prohibition violations, etc., which were intended by the senders to go to the Government officials, must find their way into the hands of these private agencies?

vice, Inc., is Judge Peter Pollack, who wears, I am told by the Prohibition Administrator, a badge reading "Captain-Federal Secret Service." Mr. Pollack is a justice of the peace. This office conveniently allows him to be called "Judge," and it also gives him the right to issue warrants. The power to issue such warrants might come in handy in case a person wished to frighten a bootlegger.

On May 21, 1926, shortly after the newspapers announced that local peace officers might be attached to the Prohibition Bureau at nominal salaries, "Judge" Pollack wrote to James E. Jones, Director of Prohibition in Washington, D. C., making application for such an appointment. I am glad to report that Director Jones referred the application to the local Administrator, and there it stopped.

I delved into the past record of this "Judge" Pollack, and found that on August 16, 1920, he was arrested in Newark, New Jersey, and fined $25 for cruelty to animals.

The Newark police blotter alone contains the following notations of arrest:

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July 21, 1921-for assault and battery.

January 19, 1924-for conspiracy. Held in $2,500 bail for Grand Jury.

June 4, 1924-for conspiracy. Held in $2,500 bail for the Grand Jury.

November 12, 1925-for lewdness. February 25, 1926-for false pretenses. Held in $1,000 bail for Grand Jury.

A portion of his record card in the Asbury Park Police Station reads as follows:

Peter Pollack was convicted (December 1, 1921) under the following facts: He represented to the Steiner Company of Asbury Park, that certain goods in their factory were being stolen by various employees and that if he was retained as a detective, he would be able to uncover these acts and prevent further thefts. He then placed a man in the factory who stole the Steiner goods at different times and reported to him and brought the goods also to him. Pollack then would go to the Steiner Company and show them the goods which were stolen by his own employee as proof of the fact that the factory was losing their merchandise. His scheme, however, soon became apparent, and he was indicted and convicted and committed to the Asbury Park jail.

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senting them with a diploma and a badge. A photograph of one of these diplomas appears on this page. This document, signed by Captain Wolbert (a woman) and Chief Pollack, "certifies that the candidate has completed his course of instructions to qualify him as a General Operator for all kinds of Secret Service work. We therefore issue this Diploma and recommend him for service." You will notice that neither the diploma nor the impressed seal includes the letters "Inc." after the title "Federal Secret Service." Several of the graduates are now bootleggers as well as "Secret Service men," according to the official correspondence of the Prohibition Administrator for New Jersey.

Other methods employed by Mr. Pollack to fatten his pocketbook were explained to me as follows by Captain Jesse L. Thompson, until lately Prohibition Administrator for the State of New Jersey, who has kept in close contact with the present court charges against the "Judge:"

"It was brought out in the testimony that Pollack had represented himself as a United States Federal Secret Service chief to the concern in New York which made his badges. Affidavits were also introduced showing that Pollack's agents, masquerading as Federal officers, obtained bribe money from foreigners operating restaurants, hotels, and speakeasies by threatening to raid their places

if the money was not forthcoming. Pollack himself, according to the testimony of Police Detective Bowbliss, of Newark, tried to scare the police into doing his bidding by threatening to show up the conditions in the precinct if they did not.

"Another one of Pollack's games is to solicit advertising in an alleged SesquiCentennial booklet from the bootleggers. He gave them to understand that by taking a page advertisement in the booklet and marking it 'Compliments of a Friend' they would gain the good will of the Secret Service, be notified of all raids, and be given full protection. He is in trouble on this charge now in Wildwood, New Jersey. Thirty checks made out to the Federal Secret Service were deposited by him to his own account. He did a land office business in selling advertising to scores of bootleggers who were afraid to refuse. Pollack would tell them if they made any complaints he would have them arrested for trying to bribe a United States officer.

"He also gets up dinners which are supposed to be in honor of various judges and magistrates. He mulcts the bootleggers twenty-five dollars a ticket for these affairs, on the ground that they can thereby gain the official favor of the courts.

"He was given eight hours to get out of Asbury Park and twenty-four hours to leave Trenton. Why is it that he is

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I wrote to Judge Bodine, of the United States District Court in Trenton, about the matter, and he replied: "I recall a person of rather low intelligence entered a plea of guilty before me charged with representing himself as a Federal officer. It developed that he had been employed by the Federal Secret Service, Inc. I suggested at that time that it seemed to me that the District Attorney should proceed against

the persons who were using such a title as Federal Secret Service. Since equity has jurisdiction to prevent fraud, it seems to me that some steps might be taken against these people. However, nothing so far has been done."

NEV

EW JERSEY officials! Secret Service heads! Prohibition administrators! You who are being harmed! How about it?

Sanderson of Oundle

The Fourth Article on the Schools of England By CHARLES K. TAYLOR

REAT schools, like other human institutions, frequently frequently trace their greatness to the influence and capacity of one unusually able man of extraordinary personality. Rugby, as we know, owes much to the great Dr. Arnold, and no small amount to Thomas Hughes because of the human appeal and high idealism of his "Tom Brown." For a similar reason we are beginning to hear of a certain "Howson of Holt," to whom modern Gresham's School owes so much, as we will explain in a later paper. And for the same reason we have heard much of "Sanderson of Oundle," whose name H. G. Wells brought to the attention of the public at large without being quite as fair in all respects as some associates of Sanderson thought proper.

A master of Oundle, therefore, kindly loaned me his own "Sanderson of Oundle," written anonymously by one of the masters and confidants after Sanderson's death-surely a most extraordinary book, and one that should be read not only by school-folk for their encouragement, but by those parents and associations who feel that in our schools, private as well as public, the individual is lost so frequently in the mass, and who suspect that our methods, despite great progress in some directions, are still largely in the early Victorian stage of development.

The growth of Sanderson's theories and their practical application reads like a romance. He saw early enough, as all really acquainted with children see, that boys are not alike in their mentality or reactions, and that their differences are usually proper and desirable. He felt, at first, that he had to consider certain broad groups. For instance, those of "abstract" type of mind, whether literary or mathematical, and those of a more "concrete" type, with abilities for

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66 The construction or for art.

Village Blacksmith" at Oundle School This realized, he began providing regular courses to fit these general types courses carefully worked out in detail and expertly taught.

Well, some of us, aware of these type differences, have been making earnest attempts to plan appropriate courses to fit the different types we recognized, often partly nullifying our most hopeful attempts by the addition of freak pseudo-educational and pseudo-psychological innovations, with disconcerting results. Nevertheless we too, here and there, are working along these lines, and

an immense amount of work has been done, and is being done, in an endeavor to find efficient tests for discovering a child's normal type, his individua! capacities, and the best method for developing those capacities.

Sanderson, as his intensive study progressed, began to see divisions and subdivisions of types of mind, and to discover other kinds of classifications and sub-groups, until finally, as might have been expected, he saw that the individual boy should be the startingpoint. Instead of arranging courses. then, to fit certain theoretical types of

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Oundle outdoors. English schoolmen almost invariably wear the cap and gown.

boys, he began studying each individual boy and to plan courses to fit him. Nor does this mean that he abandoned group-work, with its immense social and character value. It means that beyond the group-work, caring for definite indispensable fundamentals, he was able to plan more and more effectively for the development of the special capacities of each individual boy, no matter what those capacities might be, finding those capacities through study of the boy's obvious aptitudes and tastes as correlated with classroom performance.

That was one of Sanderson's fundamental achievements-making first-class courses to fit the individual boy. This was a revolutionary idea when he brought it out, but he was successful with it in his school because he was able to provide a staff capable of caring for the wide and varied range of interests demanded. Even a brief visit to Oundle leaves one astonished at the variety, completeness, and excellence of the equipment provided for the development of individual capacities, from the severely classical to the severely scientific, and from the artistic or musical to the purely mechanical. The scientific laboratories, for instance, are thoroughly equipped with a range of apparatus and with delicate instruments that many a college would be glad to possess. Then there are complete shops for very thorough and practical training in the use of wood and metal. Then there are testing machines, such as we find here only in the laboratories of our engineering colleges.

This shop work is not looked upon as a kind of play or recreation, much as the average boy enjoys it. It is very largely used as an aid in understanding fundamental principles through their application, and all without being so technical as to overwhelm the youthful mind. So valuable did all this applied science seem to Sanderson, because of its "romance and mystery" for youth, because it is not static but progresses as the race progresses, and because of its contact with almost all aspects of our daily life, that, no matter how narrowly classical a boy's tastes and aptitudes might be, he had to take his turn in the shops-even to the extent of doing some practical blacksmithing! Real blacksmithing, too, in a typical village smithy, where the village horses are brought regularly to be shod! And I am personally acquainted with a number of young men who are impractical and conceited individuals, unsuccessful in their relations with others and of small value to society, but who undoubtedly might have been interesting and useful citizens if, in their formative years, they had been compelled to beat out horseshoes on an anvil, and then nail these same shoes to the unwilling hoofs of suspicious and not particularly enthusiastic horses.

Let me say, then, that special courses for individuals and for small groups are developed at Oundle to a degree practically unknown in our own preparatory schools, though some of us are making sturdy strides in that direction. Besides Besides this, Sanderson's practical knowledge of boy capacity and boy view-point en

Teaching is a thoroughly dignified affair

abled him to suggest changes in methods of teaching-to the improvement of those methods. This was true, for instance, concerning mathematics-a subject that with us, just now, needs a good, rousing revolution. He declared that the ordinary teaching of mathematics was "narrow, stylistic, unambitious, and hedged in by the artificialities which so rapidly grow round a selfcentered subject." He therefore insisted that mathematical "problems" should be drawn only from a practical and obvious reality. He banned the improbable and often thoroughly silly "examples," such as are usually given our children, particularly in algebra-with the evident idea of puzzling them with unmeaning intricacies rather than instructing them in matters having some real connection with life.

The same stimulus went into courses such as art and music. As in other good English schools, there is much music at Oundle-both vocal and instrumental. The singing at Oundle is famous in England a nation notable for its singing. A little time ago their singing of Handel's "Messiah" was broadcast by radio. That would be a mighty fine achievement on the part of any of our best preparatory schools! However, we may not be so very far from it when one considers the excellent work now being done by our college singing societies.

Understand me. Sanderson did not for an instant advocate the too widely advertised theory that school work should be made both easy and pleasant simultaneously. Quite the reverse.

While he declared that the pursuit of knowledge should be a "pleasurable unfolding" rather than merely an acquisition of hard facts, he nevertheless believed that the acquisition of hard facts, through good hard work, was invaluable, but as a means and not as an end in itself. This idea would come as a terrible shock to those of us who feel that we can only educate by stuffing juvenile minds as full as possible of "facts"-or how else will they be able to pass their College Board examinations?

I hope I have given some of the thought underlying the spirit of Oundle, which, besides, is a splendidly equipped school in buildings and faculty, strongly supported financially (an ancient trade guild stands behind it), using, as do other English schools, the assistance of chosen older boys as an aid to proper discipline and attitude, and doing its utmost to find and to develop each individual's special capacity, no matter what it is, while preparing him at the same time for that social co-operation so necessary for folk who must live in com

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Baseball Follows the Flag-and

the Thermometer

HE aborigines, the Arawaks, whom Columbus found on his arrival (1492) in the island now called by the Spanish descendants Santo Domingo, by others, when referring to the western portion, Haiti, played a game of pelota which bore the name of batei. It would seem to be a far cry from that day to the advent of beisbol, the phonetic spelling given to the great American game of baseball.

Just as developed in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines, where American influence extended beyond the confines of purely administrative endeavor, our beloved National pastime has made a deep impression on the native mind, one result of which was the introduction of baseball. The game has become firmly implanted in Santo Domingo.

For several years past the youth of the country at its principal centers has caught the athletic spirit engendered by the great game, essentially a pastime of the poor, for little paraphernalia is required to keep dozens of boys occupied and intensely interested. On Sundays, holidays, feast days, and Saturday after

By WILLIAM E. PULLIAM

General Receiver of Dominican Customs

noons many games are in progress. It is a healthy sign and augurs well for better health and greater stamina in the rising generation. The youthful minds, thus weaned away from thoughts of sordid things like rum, cockfights, and lottery tickets, engage in the exhilarating sport, which means filling the lungs with fresh open air and promotes body tissue building. For in the endeavor to excel, and thus make positions on the scrub teams, the survival of the fittest test naturally applies.

It is an interesting sight to watch the play and players, many of whom wear improvised equipment in the way of home-made sandals to protect the feet,

in the absence of regulation shoes, and gloves not bearing the Spalding trademark. Some youngster who has acquired spiked shoes at once becomes the envy of his team-mates. And it speaks volumes in behalf of the young Dominican players to note that in an athletic contest unknown to the country a dozen years ago such progress and skill have been developed that the older and better teams easily held their own against clubs

composed of American Marines during the latter period of the military occupation which terminated in 1924, for in certain so-called league contests the Marines were defeated by the Dominicans. Also it may be remarked in this connection that among the Marines were players who had had the benefit of training and experience gained in the United States. So it is not difficult to conjecture that within a short while there may be Dominican ball players who will find places in both the National and American League circuits, in which to-day figure more than one Cuban star.

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