But yesternight: when, all athwart, there came
A post from Wales loaden with heavy news;
Whose worst was, that the noble Mortimer,
Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight
Against th' irregular and wild Glendower,
Was by the rude hands of that Welshman taken;
A thousand of his people butcheréd,9

Upon whose dead corpse' 10 there was such misuse,
Such beastly, shameless transformation,

By those Welshwomen done, as may not be
Without much shame re-told or spoken of.

King. It seems, then, that the tidings of this broil

Brake off our business for the Holy Land.

West. This, match'd with other, did, my gracious lord; For more uneven and unwelcome news

Came from the North, and thus it did import:

On Holy-rood day, the gallant Hotspur there,11
Young Harry Percy, and brave Archibald,

That ever-valiant and approved Scot,

At Holmedon met;

Where they did spend a sad and bloody hour,
As by discharge of their artillery,

ing. The Poet repeatedly uses to limit for to appoint; as also to appoint for to equip or furnish; that is, to arrange the outfit of an army. — Question, in the line before, is talk or discussion. Often so. The matter was warmly debated.

9 That is, "A thousand of his people being butchered."

10 Corpse' for corpses. So we have horse' for horses, house' for houses, sense' for senses, &c.

11 Rood is an old word for cross. So we have the expression, "The Duke that died on rood." Holy-Rood day was the 14th of September. Hotspur is said to have been so called, because, from the age of twelve years, when he first began to bear arms, his "spur was never cold," he being continually at war with the Scots.

And shape of likelihood, the news was told;
For he that brought them, 12 in the very heat
And pride of their contention did take horse,
Uncertain of the issue any way.

King. Here is a dear and true-industrious friend,
Sir Walter Blunt, new lighted from his horse,
Stain'd with the variation of each soil 13

Betwixt that Holmedon and this seat of ours;

And he hath brought us smooth and welcome news.
The Earl of Douglas is discomfited:

Ten thousand bold Scots, two-and-twenty knights,
Balk'd in their own blood,14 did Sir Walter see
On Holmedon's plains: of prisoners, Hotspur took
Mordake the Earl of Fife and eldest son

To beaten Douglas ; 15 and the Earls of Athol,
Of Murray, Angus, and Menteith.

And is not this an honourable spoil,

A gallant prize? ha, cousin, is it not?

West. Faith, 'tis a conquest for a prince to boast of.

King. Yea, there thou makest me sad, and makest me sin

12 News, and also tidings, was used indifferently as singular or plural: hence was and them in this instance.

13 A most vivid expression of Sir Walter's speed and diligence.

14 Balk'd in their own blood is heaped, or laid in heaps, in their own blood. A balk was a ridge or bank of earth standing up between two furrows; and to balk was to throw up the earth so as to form those heaps or banks.

15 This reads as if the Earl of Fife were the son of Douglas, whereas in fact he was son to the Duke of Albany, who was then regent or governor of Scotland, the King, his brother, being incapable of the office. The matter is thus given by Holinshed, pointing and all: "Of prisoners among other were these, Mordacke earle of Fife, son to the governour Archembald earle Dowglas, which in the fight lost one of his eies." The Poet's mistake was evidently caused by the omission of the comma after governour.

Should be the father to so blest a son,

A son who is the theme of honour's tongue;
Amongst a grove, the very straightest plant;
Who is sweet Fortune's minion 16 and her pride:
Whilst I by looking on the praise of him,
See riot and dishonour stain the brow

Of my young Harry. O, that it could be proved
That some night-tripping fairy had exchanged
In cradle-clothes our children where they lay,
And call'd mine Percy, his Plantagenet ! 17
Then would I have his Harry, and he mine :
But let him from my thoughts. What think you, coz,
Of this young Percy's pride? the prisoners,
Which he in this adventure hath surprised,

To his own use he keeps; and sends me word,

I shall have none but Mordake Earl of Fife.18

West. This is his uncle's teaching, this is Worcester, Malevolent to you in all aspects; 19

16 Minion is darling, favourite, or pet; a frequent usage.

17 Among the naughty pranks which the ancient "night-tripping fairies " were supposed to enact, was that of stealing choice babies out of their cradles, and leaving inferior specimens in their stead. Shakespeare has several allusions to the roguish practice, as many other old writers also have. See A Midsummer-Night's Dream, page 40, note 5.

18 Percy had an exclusive right to these prisoners, except the Earl of Fife. By the law of arms, every man who had taken any captive, whose redemption did not exceed ten thousand crowns, had him to himself to release or ransom at his pleasure. But Percy could not refuse the Earl of Fife; for, he being a prince of the royal blood, Henry might justly claim him, by his acknowledged military prerogative.

19 An astrological allusion. Worcester is represented as a malignant star that influenced the conduct of Hotspur. And the effect of planetary predominance is implied, which was held to be irresistible. So in Daniel's fine poem "To the Countess of Cumberland": "Where all th' aspects of

Which makes him prune himself, and bristle up
The crest 20 of youth against your dignity.

King. But I have sent for him to answer this;
And for this cause awhile we must neglect
Our holy purpose to Jerusalem.

Cousin, on Wednesday next our Council we
Will hold at Windsor; so inform the lords:
But come yourself with speed to us again;
For more is to be said and to be done
Than out of anger can be utteréd.21
West. I will, my liege.

[Exeunt.

SCENE II. The Same. An Apartment of Prince HENRY'S. Enter Prince HENRY and FALSTAFF.

Fal. Now, Hal, what time of day is it, lad?

Prince. Thou art so fat-witted, with drinking of old sack, and unbuttoning thee after supper, and sleeping upon benches after noon, that thou hast forgotten to demand that truly which thou wouldst truly know.1 What a devil hast thou to do with the time of the day? unless hours were cups of sack,

misery predominate; whose strong effects are such as he must bear, being powerless to redress." See, also, The Winter's Tale, page 47, note 23.

20 Crest is, properly, the topmost part of a helmet; and helmets were often surmounted with armorial ensigns, and adorned with costly feathers or plumes. A hawk, or a cock, was said to prune himself when he picked off the loose feathers, and smoothed the rest; all from personal pride, of

course.

21 The King probably means that he must not give the reins to his tongue while his mind is in such a state of perturbation. That he should thus keep his lips close when he is in danger of speaking indecorously, is a fine trait in his character.

1 Implying, apparently, that he should ask only for the time of the night; as that is the time for all his pleasures and pursuits.

and minutes capons, and the blessed Sun himself a fair hot wench in flame-coloured taffeta,2 I see no reason why thou shouldst be so superfluous to demand the time of the day.

Fal. Indeed, you come near me now, Hal; for we that take purses go by the Moon and the seven stars,3 and not by Phoebus, he, that wandering knight so fair. And I pr'ythee, sweet wag, when thou art king, as, God save thy Grace, Majesty I should say, for grace thou wilt have none,

Prince. What, none?

Fal. No, by my troth; not so much as will serve to be prologue to an egg and butter.5

Prince. Well, how then? come, roundly, roundly.

Fal. Marry, then, sweet wag, when thou art king, let not us that are squires of the night's body be called thieves of the day's beauty: 6 let us be Diana's foresters, gentlemen of the shade, minions of the Moon; and let men say we be men of good government, being governed, as the sea is, by our noble and chaste mistress the Moon, under whose countenance we steal.

2 Taffeta was a rich silk of a wavy lustre. So that a handsome woman blazing in a dress of flame-coloured taffeta would be a pretty brilliant and captivating phenomenon.

8 The seven stars are, probably, the constellation Pleiades.

4 Falstaff, with great propriety, according to the old astronomy, calls the Sun a wandering knight. The words probably are from some forgotten ballad. 5 Not so much grace as will serve for saying grace before meat. Eggs and butter appear to have been a favourite lunch.- Roundly, in the next line, is speak plainly, or bluntly.

6 Falstaff is an inveterate player upon words, as here between night and knight, beauty and booty. A squire of the body originally meant an attendant on a knight.- As to Diana's foresters, Hall the chronicler tells of a pageant exhibited in the reign of Henry VIII., wherein were certain persons called Diana's knights.