The Philosophy of As if

absolute abstract according actual Adam Smith already analogy anthropomorphism artificial As–if assumed assumption atom atomic theory attained attributes auxiliary become called CHAPTER concept conceptual construct Condillac connection consciousness contradictions contradictory Descartes Ding an sich dogma elements ellipse error ethical example existence experience expression F. A. Lange fact false Fichte fictive force heuristic fictions hypostasized hypothesis idea ideal ideational constructs illusion imaginary imagination impossible infinitely small infinitely-small instance judgment Kant Kant’s Kantian knowledge Lange Leibniz logical function mathematical means mechanism merely metaphysical method methodological moral nature necessary Nietzsche object organic Parmenides particular passage phenomena philosophy Positivism possible practical presupposition principle processes provisional psyche psychical purely purpose question reason recognized regarded relation religion religious says Schopenhauer scientific fiction sensations sense space standpoint subjective substance theoretical theory of fictions things thought to–day treated true truth unreal whole words