5. Jam vero quis audeat dicere vera omnia esse somnia? 6. Quid hoc homine faciatis? 7. Felix vivas, moriare felix! 8. Valeant cives mei, valeant! Sint incolumes, sint florentes, sint beati. Stet haec urbs praeclara. Tranquilla republica cives mei perfruantur. 9. Si certum est facere, facias; verum ne post conferas culpam in me. 10. Nihil ignoveris, nihil gratiae causa feceris, misericordia commotus ne sis. II. Isto bono utare dum adsit; cum absit, ne requiras. 12. Vendat1 aedes vir bonus propter aliqua vitia, quae ipse norit ceteri ignorent: pestilentes sint1 et habeantur salubres; ignoretur in omnibus cubiculis apparere serpentes ; 2 male materiatae, ruinosae- sed hoc, praeter dominum, nemo sciat.1 Quaero, si hoc emptoribus venditor non dixerit, num id injuste fecerit ? 1 Render these subjunctives by "suppose," &c. Write in Latin. 2 vermin. 1. Let the advantage1 of the commonwealth prevail.2 2. Let us accordingly3 bring up [our] child with every indulgence. 3. Plant no tree, Varus, sooner than the sacred vine. 4. This thou shalt do this thou shalt not do.8 5. Let him write to me what he has done. 6. I could not easily say that this is better. 7. I wish [that] Athens may conquer.❞ 8. This thing may [perhaps] seem absurd1o to you. 12. Suppose your friend should fall sick16 or die, what will you do? 13. Let justice be done [though] heaven fall. 1 utilitas. 2 valeo.2 3 proinde. 4 nutrio 4 5 sero.3 7 Fut. imperat. 8 Perf. subj. 6 prius. 9 Pres. subj. 10 absurdus. 11 quispiam. 12 errol (infin.). 13 Compare Latin example 4 (above). 14 malim. 15 foris. 16 in morbum cadere. 28. Historical Infinitive. § 57, 8. h: R. 40. (For other uses of the Infinitive, see page 114.) Examples. 1. Brevi spatio hostes ex omnibus partibus decurrere, lapides in vallum conjicere; nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare, neque ullum frustra telum mittere: ut quaeque pars castrorum premi videbatur, eo occurrere et auxilium ferre. 2. Circumspectare tum patriciorum vultus plebeii, et inde libertatis captare auram, unde servitutem timuerant. Primores patrum odisse decemviros, odisse plebem. 3. Interea Catilina Romae multa simul moliri: consuli insidias tendere, parare incendia, opportuna loca armatis hominibus obsidere, ipse cum telo esse, item alios jubere; dies noctisque festinare, vigilare, neque insomniis neque labore fatigari. Write in Latin. 1. Every single1 article-of-plate that [man would] take into [his] hands, praise, admire. 2. And now not even the back was spared:5 some were beaten with rods, others brought to the block. 8 3. Under the dominion10 of Lucius Sulla, everybody [would] rob, carry-off, covet11 one man a house, another lands;12 the victors kept13 no limit1 or restraint,1 [but] did shocking16 and cruel [things] among the citizens. § 58, 9, 10. (tenses of the Subjunctive, and rule for Sequence of Tenses), with the classification as given in the Remark (p. 162), which is to be carefully studied, as well as the examples above. Observe that the general rule for the sequence of tenses is the same as in English; but in Latin a dependent verb is put in a past tense by this rule, when either the principal or a subordinate verb, on which it depends, is in the past, even though the construction may be otherwise in English (see example 7, below). NOTE. — The imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive under this rule may express a relatively future action (see § 59, 4. ƒ), as representing in indirect discourse the future and future perfect indicative as, si discessisset if he shall depart (shall have departed) (CÆSAR, B. G. i. 45). Examples. 1. Non possunt multi rem amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem calamitatem trahant. 2. Rex adeo saevus erat, ut filio suo non temperaret. 3. Mos est hominum, ut nolint eundem pluribus rebus excellere. 4. Quorum haec est condicio, uti omnibus in vita commodis una cum iis fruantur, quorum se amicitiae dederint. 5. Singulas naves nostri expugnaverunt, ut perpaucae ex omni numero ad terram pervenerint. 6. Cicero se ex patria excessisse dicit, ut bellum civile averteret. 7. Tantum profecisse videmur, ut a Graecis ne verborum quidem copia vinceremur.1 8. Omnem coetum hominum vitat, quasi omnibus invisus sit.2 1 Translate by the present tense. 2 Translate by the past tense (see § 61, 1. R.). Write in Latin. 1. I write that I may admonish you. 2. I wrote yesterday that I might inform you. 3. He runs-away1 as if he were2 frightened. 4. He undertook this task as if he were a good workman.3 5. I will come to-morrow to-see1 you. 6. We went out yesterday to see1 the battle. 7. I have toiled" so-long that I am completely tired-out." 8. Cæsar was so merciful that not even [his] beaten' enemies feared him. 9. This man is so9 just that no one ever feared1o to confide in him. 6 clemens. 7 victus. 8 inimicus. 9 adeo. 10 Perfect subj. E.-Subordinate Constructions. 30. Conditional Clauses. § 59 general definition, with 1. a, b (Protasis and Apodosis), and the Classification on page 167 (committing to memory the models, with their meaning); also 3. a, b, and 4. a, b, c (present, past, and future conditions). N. B. Notice the exceptional use of the Indicative in the apodosis contrary to fact, as given in 3. d, e; comparing these with § 60, 2. c, and the Remark. Examples. 1. Nisi me animus fallit, haud multum a me aberit infortunium. 2. Hoc si tecum patria loquatur, nonne impetrare debeat, etiam si vim adhibere non possit? 3. Si scripserim ad fratrem meum, Romam statim properet. 6. Servi mei si me isto pacto metuerent, ut te metuunt omnes cives tui, domum meam relinquendam putarem. 7. Si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui, neque eos ulla ratione placare posses, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes. 8. Si meum consilium auctoritasque valuisset, tu hodie egeres, nos liberi essemus, respublica non tot duces et exercitus amisisset. 9. Mens prope uti ferrum est: si exerceas, conteritur ; nisi exerceas, rubiginem contrahit. 10. Nulla est igitur excusatio peccati, si amici causā peccaveris. Write in Latin. I. If you should see your father to-morrow, what should you say? 2. If I had not known that you would come, I should have written. 3. I should not have gone yesterday, if I had known. 4. I should go to-day if you wished. 5. I should go to-morrow if you should be ill.1 6. Hannibal would not have fought at2 Zama if he could have helped [it]. 7. I would not have gone1 unless Cæsar had ordered. 9. If it is allowed," I shall be-glad-to' speak. 10. If it would be allowed, I should be-glad-to speak. 2 ad. 3 defugio.34 proficiscor.3 I aegroto.1 6 licet (fut.). 5 conor.1 7 libenter (adv.). 31. Disguised Conditions. § 60, general remark, also 1. with a (usual forms of disguised conditions). Examples. 1. Nemo unquam, sine magna spe immortalitatis, se pro patria offeret ad mortem. 2. Manent ingenia senibus, modo permaneat studium et industria. 3. Tum ego: "Etiamne, si te in Capitolium faces ferre vellet?" "Nunquam" inquit "voluisset." 4. Omnes labores contemnendo fiunt tolerabiles. 5. Nec ego Seriphius nec tu Atheniensis clarus unquam fuisses. 6. Illo tempore aliter sensisses. 7. Neque agricultura neque frugum perceptio et conservatio sine hominum opera esse potuisset. 8. Magnitudo animi, remota a communitate conjunctioneque hominum, feritas sit quaedam et immanitas. 9. Pons sublicius iter paene hostibus dedit, ni unus vir fuisset. |