12. Vestră interest manus hostium distineri.

13. Oratorem irasci minime decet, simulare non dedecet. 14. Senatui placuit C. Cassium proconsulem provinciam Syriam obtinere.

15. Facinus est vincire civem Romanum ; scelus verberare; prope parricidium necare: quid dicam in crucem tollere? verbo satis digno tam nefaria res appellari nullo modo potest.

Write in Latin.

1. It is a grand1 thing to be made consul.
2. It is beneficial for a sick3 man to sleep.

3. It is-better to live honorably than to be born honorably.
4. It is said that he was writing at the time.

5. There was, however, a rumor that the election would be put off."

6. It is lawful for no man to lead an army against [his] country.

7. The scouts 10 report that the Germans have already crossed the Rhine.

8. It was to the interest of Clodius that Milo should perish. 9. I hear that Cicero has set out12 [for] Athens.

10. Divitiacus said that he knew these things were true. 11. I remember that [when] a boy I saw the orator Hortensius.

12. I take it ill13 that I am poor.14

39. Substantive Clauses of Purpose.

§ 70, 3. (clauses with ut and ne developed from purpose), with a, b, c, d, e, f (clauses of influence, wish, permission, resolve, effort, and fearing), with the two Remarks on page 196 (omission of ut or ne).

The clause of Purpose may be translated by THAT with the auxiliaries may, might, shall, should (English POTENTIAL); but often by the simple INFINITIVE (compare 37, above).

Examples.

1. Navem idoneam ut habeas diligenter videbis.

2. Videant consules ne quid respublica detrimenti capiat. 3. Satis undique provisum atque praecautum est, ne quid adversus vos in pugna praeter hostes esset.

4. Jugurtha oppidanos hortatur ut moenia defendant.

5. Caesar huic imperat adeat civitates, horteturque ut populi Romani fidem sequantur, seque celeriter eo venturum nuntiet.

6. Cave enim putes me pacem desperare.

7. Galli timebant ne Caesar sibi bellum inferret.

8. Ornamenta metuo ut possim recipere.

9. Vereor ut Dolabella ipse satis nobis prodesse possit. 10. Tu ad me de istis rebus omnibus scribas velim quam diligentissime.

11. Publicola instituit primus, ut singulis consulibus alternis mensibus lictores praeirent.

Write in Latin.

1. He gave-orders1 that the Senate should return to [their usual] apparel.2

2. The Senate voted that the consuls should hold a levy.1

3. The general made-proclamation' that no one should fight without his orders."

4. Divitiacus implores that Cæsar will pardon his brother [his] fault.10

5. I wish you would inquire,11 and write to me.

6. Galba persuaded the soldiers to go away.

7. I fear he will come.

8. I fear he will not come.

40. Substantive Clauses of Result.

§ 70, 4. (clauses with ut and ut non, developed from result), with a, d, e, g (clauses of happening; tantum abest ut, facere ut, and hindering).

The clause of Result may be translated by THAT, with or without the auxiliaries can, could; occasionally by the simple Infinitive; sometimes by the participial noun in -ING (see examples under g), especially verbs of hindering.

In general, the learner may be advised to use the Infinitive in rendering a Latin object-clause, wherever the English idiom permits.

Examples.

1. Restat ut pauca dicam de senectute.

2. Reliquum est ut officiis certemus inter nos.

3. Sequitur ut officiorum genera distinguam.

4. Facere non possum quin quotidie litteras ad te mittam ut tuas accipiam.

5. Tantum abest ut nostra miremur, ut nobis ipse non satisfaciat Demosthenes.

6. Non est dubium quin totius Galliae plurimum Helvetii possint.

7. Sequitur ut futurum sit ut rex interficiatur.

8. Credidi fore ut puerum ignaviae puderet.

9. Haec prima lex amicitiae sanciatur: ut ab amicis honesta petamus; amicorum causā honesta faciamus; ne exspectemus quidem, dum rogemur; studium semper adsit, cunctatio absit.

Write in Latin.

2

I. It remains1 that I speak briefly concerning peace.

2. It cannot be doubted that3 we ought to obey the laws of virtue.

3. Dionysius was so far from being happy, that he was of all men most wretched.

4. The soldiers were hardly held-back from bursting into the town.

41. Substantive Clauses with Quod.

§ 70, 5. with a and b (indicative clause with quod, introducing a statement of fact, specification, or object of feeling).

The quod-clause is generally to be translated by THAT, or THE-FACT-THAT; occasionally by WHEREAS, or AS-TO-WHAT.

Examples.

1. Non ea res me deterruit, quod tu ad me nullas litteras

miseras.

2. Percommode1 factum est, quod de morte primo die disputatum est.

3. Non pigritia facio quod non mea manu scribo.

4. Hoc uno praestamus vel maxime feris, quod exprimere dicendo sensa possumus.

5. Me una consolatio sustentat, quod tibi nullum a me pietatis officium defuit.

6. Quod spiratis, quod vocem mittitis, quod formam hominum habetis, indignantur.

1 See § 17, 5. d.

Write in Latin.

1. It alarms' me that I hear nothing from my brother.

2. This is my chief comfort,3 that I have done no wrong1 willingly.5

3. The Romans excelled the Greeks in this, knew-how to give liberty to conquered states.

that they

4. I am glad that you have returned at length to [your] country.

5. As to what you say of [your] health,' I am glad to hear that you are recovering.10

§ 67, 2. (construction of the Indirect Question), with a and e (use of the periphrastic future, nescio quis, etc.); also the Remark, p. 191 (passive construction).

Observe that an Indirect Question occurs only when an interrogative clause (or one introduced by an interrogative word) is made the subject or object of some verb, or equivalent phrase. Thus the words who is there? are a DIRECT QUESTION; in the sentence I do not know [it is uncertain] who is there, the same words are an INDIRECT QUESTION. This form is to be carefully distinguished from dependent RELATIVE clauses under 39, above; also from direct questions in the subjunctive mood (dubitative subjunctive): as, quid faciam? what shall I do? quid facerem? what was I to do?

Examples.

1. Si quid in mentem venit, velim scribas et ipse quid sis

acturus.

2. Caesar ab iis quaesivit, quae civitates quantaeque in armis essent, et quid in bello possent.

3. Incertum est quando domus nostras visuri simus.
4. Videamus deorumne providentia mundus regatur.

5. Quaero num quando amici novi veteribus sint anteponendi.

6. Deinde ex eo quaesitum est, Archelaum nonne beatum putaret.

7. Quaero utrum Alexandrum an Caesarem magis mireris. 8. Interrogatus scutumne amisisset, respondit id

tutum.

9. Mihi non minori curae est qualis respublica post mortem meam futura sit, quam qualis hodie sit.

Write in Latin.

1. Do you not remember what I said a-little-while-ago.1 2. No man knows when he shall die.

3. I wrote what I was going-to-do.2

4. I asked what you were going-to-do: what had to be done.1

5. You ask me whether I have lost my friend.

6. Bring-me-word" whether your brother is at home.

7. I should-like-to-have-you inform me whether you will come or-not.8

1 paulo ante. 5 renuntio.1

2 acturus.

6 velim.

3 facturus.

4 faciendum esse. 7 certiorem facere (subj.). 8 песпе.