vitiōsus, a, um, vicious, full of vōsmet, yourselves (emphatic ;

NOTE.-The final o in verbs, and in such words as leo, natio, though almost invariably long, is regarded by most prosodists as common, and has therefore not been marked. The authority for special exceptions will be found in Arnold's "Anticleptic Gradus."

SYNONYMES:

WITH GROUPS OF VARIOUSLY RELATED WORDS, ILLUSTRATING ONE ANOTHER'S MEANING.

NOTE. In using the following list of allied or kindred words,* it must be borne in mind that the distinctions drawn are often slight, and that, especially in poetic use, the boundaries are varying and uncertain. The accurate meaning and employment of words should always be sought in a larger lexicon.

1. A, ab (opp. to ad), away from; de, down or aside from; e, ex (opp. to in), out of.

2. abdo,3 abscondo, hide, or put out of sight; condo,3 recondo,3 lay away for safe keeping; occulo,3 occulto,1 cover up; celo,1 conceal from one what he has a right to know (compare 80).

3. abeo, go away; exeo, go out from; discedo,3 depart to some other place; decedo,3 give way to some one else; excedo,3 withdraw wholly; proficiscor,3 set forth on a journey.

4. accidit, it happens (suddenly), with reference to some effect; contingit, it befalls (fortunately), coincident with something else; evenit, it turns out, as resulting from some event; obtingit, it falls to, by lot or otherwise; obvenit, it results from some chance, &c. 5. acies, army in line of battle — with its "edge" of weapons; agmen, in line of march (ago); exercitus, the disciplined force itself (see 61).

6. aequus, level, even; also fair, calm, just; par, equal, in number, strength, &c.; aequalis, usually of like age; aequabilis, equable in one's self, uniform; similis, like.

7. aetas, age (period of life); tempus, time (of limited duration); aevum, a long period; saeculum, age or century.

8. ager, field in general, especially wild or open, also public territory; campus, an extended plain; arvum, ploughed land; pratum, meadow, level or grassy; rus, the country, as opposed to city.

* Prepared with the aid of Ramshorn's "Latin Synonymes," and of the lists in Bullions's Dictionary.

9. albus, dead white (opp. to ater); candidus, bright white (opp. to niger); canus, gray or hoary.

10. altus, high, deep; arduus, steep, difficult; celsus (excelsus), lofty, stately; editus, uplifted; sublimis, on high.

II. amo,1 to love with affection; diligo,3 with esteem; adamo,1 conceive affection for; deamo,1 of ardent passion.

12. anguis, snake (swift, darting); serpens, the crawling creature (vipera, coluber, &c., special venomous kinds); draco, dragon, often used poetically for serpens.

13. anima, life (animal life); animus, soul (thought or passion); mens, intelligence; indoles, disposition, talent; ingenium, mind or genius, as innate quality.

14. animal, animal, the living thing; bestia, beast (wild and fierce; plur. brutes in general); belua, a bulky and monstrous creature (as elephant or whale); fera, wild animal as opposed to tame ; pecus, tame animal as opposed to wild (see 51).

15. arbor, tree; frutex, shrub; arbustum, a place planted with trees; virgultum, bushes, thicket.

16. arma, weapons in general, especially defensive: galea, helmet; lorica, corselet of leather or metal; ocreae, greaves for the leg; scutum (or clipeus, 28), shield. It may also, more generally, include offensive weapons (for which the proper word is tela): gladius, sword, short, straight, and pointed (ensis, mucro, ferrum, poetic); pilum, javelin, a heavy missile with long thin blade and stout handle; hasta, spear or pike, for thrusting; jaculum, dart; arcus, bow; sagittae, arrows, &c.

17. ars, art (the practice; artes, acquired skill); scientia, knowledge (theory); artificium, skill of the artifex, or craftsman.

18 audeo,2 dare, in reference to danger; conor,1 undertake, of importance; molior, attempt, of difficulty.

19. aura, breeze; ventus, wind; flamen, blast; flatus, flabrum, of gentle or favorable winds.

20. avarus, covetous ; avidus, greedy; cupidus, eager; parcus, frugal; sordidus, mean, stingy.

21. avis, a bird (feathered creature); ales, winged (especially of large birds, or poetic); volucris, as capable of flight; praepes, of swift and lofty flight; oscen [os, cano], of omen by the voice.

22. bellum, war; pugna, fight (in general); proelium, battle ; militia, warfare (the soldier's trade); tumultus, a sudden tumult or insurrection (near home).

23. bonus, good (kind or virtuous); probus, upright; fortis, bold, manly, valiant; honestus, honorable (see 41).

24. caedes, killing, massacre; clades, defeat, disaster; strages, carnage; internecio, destruction.

25. capio,3 grasp, contain; accipio,3 to receive; excipio,3 take what comes in one's way; recipio,3 to take back; suscipio,3 undertake; rapio,3 seize; adripio,3 corripio,3 seize with force or eagerness; sumo, to take (without force).

26. careo,2 to lack or be in want; egeo,2 indigeo,2 to be in need; vaco,1 to be empty or at leisure.

27. carmen, a song or brief poem (the words); cantus, song (as sung); versus, poema, the composition.

28. clipeus, shield, oval, of brass; scutum, of wood, with skin covering and iron rim; parma, pelta, cetra, buckler (small shields of peculiar shape); ancile, short and oval, borne in processions.

29. comes, companion (fellow traveller); socius, partner or ally; sodalis, boon companion, or member of a club.

30. commodus, convenient or suitable in itself; opportunus, fit according to circumstance ; utilis, of service to some end.

31. consilium, counsel or advice, the result of reflection; sententia, opinion, considered and fixed, especially in deliberative bodies, as the Senate or a jury; opinio, notion, conjecture (compare 92).

32. culpa, fault; crimen, charge of any offence; delictum, fault of omission or neglect; peccatum, a wilful misdeed; facinus, act (facio), often implying violence; maleficium, crime.

33. cupio, to desire, long for any thing; concupisco, to feel a longing; opto,1 choose or wish; desidero,1 to feel the want of; volo, wish or intend.

34. cutis, skin (on the body); pellis, the fresh soft hide; corium, coarse or tanned hide, leather; aluta, a soft leather prepared with alum; tergus, skin of the back and body.

35. damnum, loss or forfeit; detrimentum, damage (wearing away); jactura, loss by shipwreck, &c. (a casting away); incommodum, disaster, loss by misfortune or defeat (a euphemism).

36. daps, any rich food; pl., feast; epulum, a public or religious banquet; cena, dinner, the chief meal of the day; prandium, merenda, lunch; jentaculum, an early breakfast; cibus, any food.

37. do;1 to give in general; dono,1 of a formal or valuable gift; dedo, surrender (compare abdo, perdo, trado, prodo, condo, vendo); largior, of lavish gifts.

38. dolor, pain in general; maeror, a settled sadness; luctus, grief with signs of mourning; cura, anxiety or distress of mind;