find of the lives of Afclepiades, Hermodorus, Antagoras, Philoxenus Samius, Philetas, Mnafalces Theodoridas, Hedylas, Alcaeus Meffenius, Lentulus Gactulicus, Diodorus Zonas, Bianor, and Boethus. The fupplement to Euftathius is taken from a manufcript in the King's library at Paris, which, befide Lycophron's Caffandra, contains Oppian, and feveral books of Porphyry, together with Dionyfius, and the commentary of Euftathius. The fupplement begins with the 882 verse.

Mr. Schneider's reputation in Greek literature has already been established by former publications, and it will certainly not be leffened by the present.

III. Philanthropinischer Erziehungs-Plan, &c. i.e. A Plan of Philanthropic Education; together with an Appendix, giving an Account of the Leiningen Academy at Heidelheim, near Worms upon the Rhine. Frankenthal. 8vo. 1777. In one of our former reviews (fee vol. lvii. p. 310) we have given an account of a school, inftituted at Deffau in Germany, under the name of a Philanthropinum, which fince, as we are informed, is changed by the Prince into a public grammar school. The plan of education at the Leiningen Academy at Heidelheim is fomething like that at Deflau, but greatly improved. Ds. Bahrdt, a clergyman well known throughout Germany, for his learning, and his liberal principles, is the Author of this treatife, and the founder of this inftitution, which, notwithstanding the oppofition it has met with from bigotted and selfish men, has maintained itself in repute. We remember to have read, in foreign papers, that an examination, which was held at the Academy, but a few months ago, has received the greatest applaufe of the learned from various parts of Germany, who were prefent, and that their teftimonies, which are made public, have greatly contributed to establish the credit of this inftitution. We fhall here only give the contents of the book before us, which begins with an oration, that was publicly delivered, and treats on the character and the fingularities of this inftitution. In a following chapter an account is given of that part of education which tends to render the body more perfect. Our Author, in difcuffing this fubject, does not go fo far back as Rouleau in his Emile, who watches his pupil before he is born; but he fuppofes the children of his fchool to be from fix years of age upwards to 14, and recommends, for obtaining and preferving a healthy conititution, good principles, cleanlinefs in regard to drefs and beds, exercife, cold bath, fresh air, and proper diet. What is faid on thefe points is very juft, and we wish that thefe rules were firictly adhered to in every fchool. The fubject of another chapter is the forming of the morals and manners of the children. The conftant tuition under the eye of a great number of approved mafters and tutors, muft

must undoubtedly much contribute to keep them in order, and to make them employ their time in an ufeful manner, which, in most of our fchools, is greatly wanting. The 4th chapter treats of the manner in which the children are inftructed. This inftruction is given according to their capacities, and their dif ferent deftinations in life. Modern languages, as well as the Latin, tho' taught by grammatical rules, are yet more acquired by converfation, fince there are for different days in the week different languages appointed to be fpoken. The leffons, of which ten or eleven are daily given, laft only three quarters of an hour. A leffon of the ferious kind is always fucceeded by another fitted for roufing the mind or body, fuch as dancing, drawing, mufic, fencing, &c. it being deemed impoffible that children thould pore over their books, for three or four hours together, without growing ftupid and fleepy. The Socratic method of teaching, which is used in this fchool to inftruct the children, and which has proved fo fuccefsful, is defcribed in a chapter by itfelf, and illuftrated with proper examples. Many are of opinion that this way of teaching fhould be adopted in all fchools, as it is fuppofed that a deal of time might, by this means, be faved, and inftruction be freed from that tedioufnefs which is felt both by the inftructor and those that are to be inftructed. We have not room for any extracts from what our Author fays, but we would recommend his thoughts to the perufal of every one who wishes to know the eafieft method of explaining things, and adapting them to the understanding of children.

The laws of the fchool, both in regard to tutors and pupils, which are the fubject of a long chapter, are founded on a deep knowledge of human nature, a careful examination of other plans of education, and their errors, and on a juft idea of fchool government, which keeps a proper medium between too great a liberty that leads to licentioufnefs, and an aufterity that feems to be calculated for educating flaves. This chapter is clofely connected with another which gives an account of punifhments and rewards, the fcholaftic fenate, and the court of judicature at this academy. We fhall only obferve that all forts of blows, and all flavish treatment, are excluded from thefe punishments, and that there are feveral things in the chapter of rewards, which have the appearance of trifles; but if thele trifles can excite emulation, and encourage good behaviour, they are no longer to be confidered in that light. The chapter which gives an account of the manner wherein the boys amuse themfelves, when at play in their leifure hours, is rather too circumftantial, and we could offer a few ftrictures on fome kinds of plays which are mentioned here; but, fince almost all these plays have a tendency to improve both mind and body, and feem to be leffons, without having the appearance of them, we

fhould rather be inclined to recommend them, inftead of thofe noify diverfions fo common in fchools, which are often productive of mifchief, leave the mind entirely empty, and certainly do not promote good manners.

On the whole, it appears to us that this plan of education, though ftill capable of many improvements, is one of the best and moft judicious we have hitherto met with. It is well adapted to form youths for fcholars, merchants, foldiers, and good members of fociety. We know from good authority that fome English pupils are actually now at this fchool, and that their friends are well pleafed with the care that is taken of them; and we could not help being furprised to find that the whole annual expence of educating a boy at this academy is no more than fixty pounds, Englith money, when boarding, decent cloathing, all kinds of leflons, even dancing, drawing, mufic, &c. are included. Surely, there must be cheaper living in Germany than in England!

MONTHLY

Wend

CATALOGUE,

For AUGUST, 1778.

AMERICAN CONTROVERS Y.

Art. 12. An Appeal to Reafon and Justice, in Behalf of the British Conftitution and the Subjects of the British Empire. In which the present important Conseil with the Revolted Colonies is impartially confidered, the I confitency of Modern Patriot fa is demonftrated, the Supremacy of Parliament is afferted on Revolution Principles, and American Independence is proved to be a manifeft Violation of the Rights of British Subjects. To which is added, An appendix, containing Remarks 05 a Pamphlet intitled, Thoughts on the prefent State of Affairs with America," by William Pulteney, Eq. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Nicoll. 17.8.

T

HE elaborate Writer of the appeal before u, traverses again the beaten ground of this exhaufted controverfy, in order to demonirate (what has been fo often and fo fruitlessly demonftrated) the injuice and ingratitude of the rebe lious Americans to peak in his own flyle) toward their very loving and indulgent parent He does not, however, fem to be romantic enough to entertain much hope of convincing and reclaiming these obitinate people; but he would at lealt endeavour to refute the fallacious reafoning, and expofe the abfurdity of their advocates in Egland. He, accordingly, felects thofe general arguments which are moi ftrenuoudly infiled on by the adhe:cats to America, and which are, in themfel es, of mot material confequence in the difpute; and thefe he difcuffes at very confiderable length, in order to evince the weakness and wickedness, both of the American cause and of its abettors bere. He is a very zealous defender of parliamentary Supremacy, and in cenfuring his opponents, is not fparing of harsh words; though his language is not fo coarfe as that of Dr. S, and fome other hot-headed miniflerial writers, who have, all of them, fnot their arrows be

yond

yond the mark, and done more hurt than good to the cause they have been employed to defend. On the whole, our Author is no friend to Tory principles. He reafons well, on his own ground, and is not the most incompetent of the feveral advocates who have pleaded in behalf of the unfortunate meafures of Adminiflration. But, whatever are his abilities, he certainly comes too late in the day: The writing part of the business is over

With respect to Mr Pulteney's celebrated pamphlet *, the Appellant introduces his ftrictures upon it with a declaration that he did not fee it 'till the 5th edition had been publifhed †, and 120 pages of his own manufcript had been actually printed. He hopes, therefore, that the candid Public will admit this to be a futficient reafon for his apparent neglect to notice a performance fo eminently and justly dilinguished by their regard. But though he tighly refpe&s the abilities, the candor, and the moderation of the author, and has perufed his work with the moft deliberate and unprejudiced attention, he has the misfortune to differ widely from him in opinion refpecting the important contest between Great Britain and the revolted Colonies appears to him that he has, in the preceding Appeal," minutely confidered the principal arguments infided on in this celebrated performance, and that he has attempted to ellablish opinions directly the reverfe of those which it is intended to fupport. How far he has fucceeded in this attempt he respectfully fubmits it to the candid and impartial Public to determine.'

Our Author's remarks on Mr. Pulteney's Tract, are fuch as prove the Appellant's firm attachment to what was the Court-doctrine before the appearance of the Thoughts, &c. But they ferve, at the fame time to evince, that Mr. P- was be informed of the fentiments which prevailed in the cabinet, at the time when his very popular and well-timed pamphlet came out:-Our Author was not, perhaps, aware, that the performance on which he here animadverts, has been generally confidered as, at the bottom, a minierial produc. tion, and the harbinger of our conciliatory propofals. : Art. 13. Letters in Anfwer to Dr. Price's two Pamphlets on Civil Liberty, &c. With Remarks on the Parliamentary Debates of laft Sethion, as they appeared in the News-Papers. A fo, Copies of Four Letters, concerning the Slavery of the Colliers, Coal-bearers, and Salters in Scotland; addreffed to the Members of the House of Commons, in the year 7. By john Stevenson. 1 s. 6d. Burnet, &c. 1773.

8vo.

The greatest part of the contents of this large pamphlet, written in defence of the meafures of Government, with respect to America, hath aheady appeared in the news papers, in which the Author hr conveyed his thoughts to the public, in the form of Letters. Thefe Letters (21 in number) are now colle&ted, and prefaced by fome obfervations, in which, among other particulas, we are told that the writer, confidering Dr. Price as a Diffenting Minifter, grew

Vid Review for February 1aft, p. 1-6,

It must be obferved, that this Appeal was published above three months ago; though it came not to our knowledge 'till within thefe three weeks.

apprehenfive that the Diffenters were in danger of being deemed difaffected to Government, through the Doctor's conduct; and therefore he (the Author) determined to enter the lifts with him as a Proteflant Diffenter."

As a Diffenter, Mr. S. may have done well to fland forth in defence of the political credit of his Proteftant brethren; but if he had exerted his abilities in their behalf with more moderation as a Government champion, and behaved with more decency toward a person fo refpectable as Dr. Price is, both in his public and private character, the Diffenters, in general, would not, perhaps, have thought the lefs highly of their advocate,-exclufive of his great merit, as a zealous loyalist. Mr. S. is evidently a man of good parts, and found understanding; and if he could conduct an argument with lefs heat, and lefs acrimony of expreffion toward his opponents, he, probably, would not be deemed a contemptible writer.

AFFAIRS of the EAST-INDIA COMPANY.

Art. 14. Confiderations on the important Benefits to be derived from the East India Company's building and navigating their own Ships. By the Author of the Effay on the Rights of the Eat-India Company . 8vo. 1 S. Almon. 1778.

The many glaring abufes in the contracts for the Company's Shipping have been feveral times exhibited before the public; nevertheless, when fuch impofitions are fubmitted to at home, we may ceafe to wonder at the licentious conduct of the Company's fervants and agents at their remote fettlements. The prefent Writer fets out with the following observation:

Among the evils by which the Eat-India Company have been greatly injured, there are none that have lain more deeply concealed, or, that are ftill, perhaps, more difficult to be eradicated, than those which have crept into the bufinefs of their fhipping. They have worked like a worm into its body, and have preyed upon its vitals for fo long a continuance, that the whole conftitution feems to be affected by it; and they, ftill, retain fo firm a hold, that there seems to be only one remedy left, by which a radical cure can ever be reafonably expected.'

As an inftance of our Author's rough manner of treating the worthy Doctor (who is himself one of the meekeft of mortals), we need only tranfcribe the following fhort paffage:- I readily affent to that propofition which you advanced from Dr. Mayo's pulpit, on the 5th of November laft, namely, that "every tree is unerringly known by the fruit which it bears." And, on examining your political tracts by this ftandard, I find myself under the dif agreeable neceffity of confidering you as an abettor of the American rebellion, as a promoter of licentioufnefs under the facred name of liberty, as a leader in faction, as a contemner of all legal authority, as an exciter of univerfal fedition, and as an enemy to the peace of human ociety.'-If all this be true, what a montter is Dr. Price? If it be falfe, what is the painter who has exhibited fuch a picture of him? See Review, vol. Iv. p. 399、

+ Mr. Fitzgerald.

He