APPENDIX. [No. 1. page 25. ] Simon Episcopius was born at Amsterdam, in 1583. He was a man of more than ordinary abilities, subtile reasoning, extensive erudition, and the first professor of Divinity among the Arminians at Leyden. Having been the disciple of Arminius, he was deputed to defend Arminianism against the Calvinists at the Synod of Dort, in 1618. His failure in his undertaking is, by his friends, ascribed to the illiberality of the opposite party. He died of a retention of urine, in 1643. His works extend to two vols. fol. Curcelles, his disciple and successor in the Divinity chair, published them in a uniform edition after his death. Episcopii (Simonis) Opera Omnia Theologica, curis S. Curcellæi edita, Amst. Blaeu. 1650. Mosheim's Eccles. Hist. Cent. XVII. Sect. 2, par. 1. Dr. A. Clarke's Bibliog. Diction. Art. Episcopius. [ No. 2. page 28. ] Daniel Zwicker was born at Dantzick, in 1612. Having studied for the Medical profession, he took the degree of Doctor; and being a man of an inquisitive genius, good natural abilities, and bold assertion, he sowed the seeds of error very profusely in Prussia. Bred a Lutheran, but lapsing into Unitarianism, he spared neither labour nor expense to propagate that heresy. He maintained some extravagantly erroneous positions. It was maintained by him, that the Nazarenes were the only true worshippers of God; that Simon Magus and his disciples were the first corrupters of the gospel, by introducing the doctrine of the divine generation of Jesus Christ; that the Orphaic Verses were composed by the followers of Simon, and that Justin's quoting them, was a proof of his not having laid aside his paganish notion of a plurality of Gods. He died at Amsterdam, in 1678. His writings are, "Whether a Christian is always "obliged to learn and enquire ?"-"A short and true "Demonstration when and where the Holy Scripture -66 ought to be properly, and, where figuratively, explained " and understood."-"Rules and Confessions of Zealous "Christians." Published in High Dutch, his native language.-Judicium de Johanna Papissa contra Maresium. Irenicum Irenicorum, &c. in Latin.- Nelson's Life of Bishop Bull. Sect. 69th. [ No. 3. page 29. ] "Dr. John Ernest Grabe, was a Prussian, born at Konigsburgh, in 1666. At the advice of some of his friends, who thought him in danger of embracing the Roman Catholic Religion, he visited England, when he was ordained a Presbyter of the English Church, was made Doctor of Divinity by the University of Oxford, and received a pension from King William, which was continued to him by Queen Anne. His chief works are1. Spicilegium S. S. Patrum, &c. Oxon. 1714. 3 vols. 8vo.-2. An Edition of Justin Martyr's Apology, Gr. and Lat. with Notes. Oxon. 1700. fol. 3. An Edition of the Septuagint, taken from the Alexandrian MS., now in the British Museum, Oxon. 1707. 4 vols. fol. reprinted at Zurich, 1730, same size. This edition is preferred by many; but that of Oxford is the most splendid. 4. De forma consecrationis Eucharistiæ, Lond. 1721, 8vo. 5. Irenæi Opera, Oxon. 1702. fol. Dr. Grabe died at 2 London, in 1711, with the reputation of being an eminent [ No. 4. p. 48. ] The Mystical Divinity to which the Bishop of Meaux alludes, was one of the errors of the seventeenth century, and is, by Ecclesiastical Writers, called Quietism. It was a new modification of the doctrine of the ancient Mystics, and was first propagated by Michael de Molinos, a Spanish Priest, who resided at Rome. This Popish Priest published a book in 1681, which he called the "Spiritual Guide," and in the Latin version from the Spanish, in which it was written, "Manuductio Spiritualis." The principles of Molinos were, "That the "whole of religion consists in the perfect calm and tran66 quillity of a mind removed from all external and finite 66 things, and centred in God, and such a love of the Supreme Being, as is independent on all prospect of "interest or reward." Or in other words, "That the soul, in the pursuit of the Supreme good, must retire "from the reports and gratifications of sense, and, in ge neral, from all corporeal objects, and, imposing silence 16 upon all the motions of the understanding and will, "must be absorbed in the Deity." Hence the name of Quietists was given to the followers of Molinos. The Jesuits, in particular, viewed this production as a censure on the Church of Rome, and they immediately acted upon the defensive. Though Molinos publicly renounced these principles in 1687, and died in 1696, yet they had been operating latently in France, for in the same year, Madame Guyon, a woman of fashion, declared herself a disciple of Molinos, and commenced her apostolic labours among the inhabitants of the great nation. After examina tion, her tenets were pronounced heretical, and her labours offensive. In 1697, that champion for the Romish faith, the celebrated Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, professedly and publicly defeated this female antagonist; but her defeat was only temporary; for in 1715 she renewed her courage, and published "La Bible de Mad. Guyon, avec des explications et reflections qui regardent la vie interieure," in twenty volumes, 8vo. The same sentiments were espoused by the celebrated Fenelon, Archbishop of Cambray. This gave the Panegyrist of Lewis XIV. and professed refutor of Madame Guyon, an opportunity of entering the lists with a more powerful antagonist. His restless ambition goaded him till he obtained from Innocent XII., the condemnation of Fenelon's defence of M. Guyon. He followed up his victory so closely, that the meek Archbishop of Cambray, read the condemnation of his own book, in his own pulpit, and to his own congregation. Mosheim's Eccles. Hist. Cent. XVII. Sect. 2. p. 1. [No. 5, p. 49. ] Huet was Bishop of Avranches, and an admirer of the Sceptical philosophy of the seventeeth century. He was one of the principal promoters of the classics, "in usum Delphini." He was so ridiculous, as to recommend the principles of the Sceptics, as a formula by which the truth of Christianity was to be proved. The Jesuits followed his rule, in attempting to sap the foundation of Protestantism. It was his attempt to sophisticate Origen's definition of the word "Heretic," to which the author of the Nouvelles de la Republique des Lettres alludes. His principal works are Demonstratio Evangelica; De claris Interpretibus, et de optimo genere Interpretandi. Mosheim's Eccles. Hist. Cent. XVII. Sect. 1. Dr. A. Clarke's Bib. Dic. Art. Huetius. |