118. tibi habe: a form of abrupt or even rude refusal; cf. Ter. Ph. 435. Yet this force is not always present; cf. 3, 188. 119. Libye: Africa, like Egypt, Sicily, and Sardinia, was an important source of Rome's food supply; cf. 8, 117. Pliny also states that the best truffles came from Africa (N. H. XIX, 34). 120. structorem: strictly speaking, the man who arranges the dishes for the table; cf. 7, 184 f. qui fercula docte conponat; Serv. Aen. 1, 704 unde et structores dicuntur ferculorum conpositores. Here and in 11, 136 he is at the same time carver (scissor and in 9, 110 carptor). indignatio: cf. 1, 79 and see §§ 129, b and 157. 121. chironomunta: present participle of xepovoμ, 'gesture,' 'gesticulate'; see § 46, a. Such motions were learned at the school where carving was taught; cf. 1. 122 magistri; Petron. 36 (scissor) gesticulatus ita laceravit obsonium; see note on II, 141. 123. nec minimo: i.e. maximo. sane to be sure,' ironical. 125. duceris: Plaut. Capt. 721 f. ducite, ubi... capiat compedes. This use of ducere occurs as early as the Laws of the Twelve Tables and is probably juristic; see § 44. Cacus reference to his death in Verg. Aen. VIII, 264 f. pedibusque informe cadaver protrahitur (ab Hercule). 127. hiscere: 'open your mouth'; so Cic. Phil. II, 111 omnino hiscere audebis? tria nomina: the slave had only one name, followed by his master's name in the genitive, but the freeborn Roman as a rule had three.. Cf. Quint. VII, 3, 27 propria liberi, quod nemo habet nisi liber, praenomen nomen cognomen tribum. The freedman usually took the praenomen and nomen of his master, keeping his slave name as a cognomen, though, of course, custom varied at different periods. pinat: it was customary to drink first and then pass the cup to the one whose health was proposed. pro 128. tibi: see § 157. contacta: Ovid, A. A. 1, 575 f. illius tacta labellis pocula. Here, however, contacta probably means more than tacta; cf. 6a, 14 (p. 41). 129. usque adeo: see note on 3, 84; for this punctuation, cf. 15, 82. 130. perditus: see note on 3, 73. regi: see note on I, 136. 131. pertusa...laena: 'when their coats are out at the elbows,' as we should say. See § 37 and note on 3, 283. 132. quadringenta: see note on 1, 106. tibi: see § 157. dis: see § 83, a, and on the cadence, p. lxix. 133. homuncio: Petron. 34 diutius vivit vinum quam homuncio. 134. ex nihilo: for the. construction, cf. 7, 197 fies de rhetore consul. 135. pone: see note on 1, 141 and § 44. 136. nummi: with the thought, cf. 1, 112 f. 137. fratres: Mart. vii, 81, 6 (of Gellia and her pearls) hos fratres vocat, hos vocat sorores, hos natis amat acrius duobus. note on 1, 136. rex: see The following digression on legacy-hunting (note on 3, 129) is quite in the style of Juvenal, who takes little pains to avoid such dislocations; see SS 36 and 141. 139. luserit: on this rare use, see G.-L. § 263, 3, N.; Lane, § 1549. Aeneas: a parody of Dido's words in Verg. Aen. Iv, 328 f. si quis mihi parvolus aula luderet Aeneas; see § 26. 141. Mycale: concubina (gloss p). As the offspring of a concubine could not legally inherit, Trebius, still represented as rich, might have a number of such children, who would only be welcomed by Virro and presented with little gifts.' 142. ipse see note on 1. 30. loquaci... nido: probably a reminiscence of Verg. Aen. XII, 475 pabula parva legens nidisque loquacibus escas; see § 26. 143. viridem thoraca: prasinam vestem vel tunicam (gloss p). As Juvenal uses viridis of the factio prasina in the Circus (note on 11, 198), he probably means here a child's tunic made after the fashion of a jockey's. 2 Roman children; hence 144. nuces the most common playthings of nuces relinquere, 'to put away childish things." several games played with nuts, some of them resembling our games with marbles. 146-155. In the remaining courses, you clients are served as poorly as before, but Virro has the choicest viands that earth can produce. 146. vilibus: see note on 1. 108. ponentur: see note on 1, 141. 147. boletus: Mart. 1, 20, 4 boletum qualem Claudius edit, edas (§ 26). In a boletus Agrippina is said to have given Claudius the poison which carried him off (6, 620 f.; Suet. Claud. 44). sed: see § 76. 12, 39; see § 50. 149. Virronibus: i.e. the nobler guests; cf. 10, 108; 151. Phaeacum: the fruit which grew in the gardens of Alcinous, the Homeric king of Phaeacia (Odyss. vII, 114 ff.), and in those of the Hes1 By the assumption that Mycale-apparently a slave's name-is a concubine, Virro's attitude to the children is explained (so Friedl. and Buecheler). According to Mayor, however, who is followed by some more recent editors, Mycale is the wife of Trebius, and nunc ('as it is ') marks a return to the original point of view, namely, that Trebius is a poor client. The reading of P is mygale (μūyaλî), which, notwithstanding the change of quantity, may be right because more suggestive as a name for a woman of this class; see notes on 3, 76 and IO, 238. Pers. 1, 10; Mart. v, 84, 1; Marquardt-Mau, Privatleben, pp. 839 f. perides (sororibus Afris) was proverbial for the finest. verbs are connected also in Mart. x, 94 and XIII, 37.1 The two pro 152. subrepta: the apples of the Hesperides were stolen by Hercules in spite of the dragon which guarded them. 153. scabie... mali: see § 52. aggere the wall of Servius Tullius, running from hill to hill across valleys or level ground, took the form of an agger, i.e. a ditch and an embankment supported by strong wall (Cic. Rep. II, 11). It was a breezy spot (8, 43), a favorite promenade (Hor. Sat. 1, 8, 15 aggere in aprico spatiari), and for that reason the resort of fortune-tellers (6, 588) and showmen.2 154. qui tegitur: i.e. a trained monkey performing on the back of a goat; see § 142. A performing monkey is mentioned also by Mart. xiv, 202 callidus emissas eludere simius hastas. flagelli: see § 88. 156–173. It is not in a miserly spirit that Virro treats you so, but because he is amused by your humiliation. No freeborn man should subject himself to such treatment for the sake of a dinner; but if you can endure these insults, you deserve them all. 156. inpensae: see note on 3, 216. 157. hoc agit: more commonly id agit, 'this is his object,' 'he devotes himself to this'; cf. 7, 20, 48. comoedia, mimus: on dramatic en tertainment at banquets, see note on II, 179. 158. quis: see § 62, a. gula ergo: see note on 1, 140 and § 156. 161. liber: Mart. Ix, 10, 4 liber non potes et gulosus esse; id. II, 53, 3 liber eris, cenare foris si, Maxime, noles. regis see note on 1, 136. 162. nidore: Mart. 1, 92, 9 pasceris...solo nidore culinae; see § 26. 162. nudus: 'destitute,' as in 7, 35. 164. Etruscum... aurum: i.e. bulla (see § 129, c and note on 1, 28), called by Stat. Silv. v, 3, 120 nobile pectoris aurum, and by Val. Max. v, 6, 8 insignia ingenuitatis. The bulla was a small locket-like receptacle for amulets (praebia), worn by freeborn boys till the assumption of the toga virilis. Among the poorer classes it was made of leather (1. 165 loro) and worn suspended from the neck by a common band (nodus). The custom was brought to Rome from Etruria, where the bulla was worn by persons of noble birth. Examples of bullae are still extant in Naples, Mentz, London, and elsewhere, and representations in ancient art are common. 166. ecce dabit: these unspoken words are an expansion of spes. 1 A. Sonny, A.L.L. vIII, p. 487. 2 Lanciani, Ruins and Excavations, pp. 60 ff. (cut on page 62); Hülsen, Nom. Topog. See Mau, Pauly-Wiss., III, 1048 ff. 168. minor: too small for the host or the guests of the first rank; see altilis: see note on 1. 115. $57, e. 169. stricto: 'ready for action' (Duff). of a sword; see § 127 and note on I, 165. tain; iacetis (P) may be correct.1 The word is naturally used tacetis: the text is uncer 171. vertice raso: a regular character in the mimus was the stupidus with shaven head; cf. Arnob. vII, 33 stupidorum capitibus rasis. His part consisted chiefly in being cuffed and knocked about for the amusement of the spectators; cf. 8, 192 alapas and 8, 197 stupidi...Corinthi. This is the fate to which Trebius' servility will lead him. 172. quandoque: this indefinite use occurs as early as Cicero (Fam. vi, 19, 2), but is more common later; see § 66. 173. flagra: the instrument for punishing slaves suggests the slave's condition and character; cf. 10, 109. SATIRE VII THE DISCOURAGEMENTS OF LITERARY MEN Judged by common literary standards, this satire is lacking in harmonious structure and due proportion, but these faults are not unusual in Juvenal (§ 36). Friedl. argues that the body of the poem (11. 36–243), which deals with the inadequate return for intellectual effort—five different professions are taken as types—was composed in the reign of Trajan, but that the introduction (ll. 1-21), which points to better prospects for poets through the emperor's favor, was written after the accession of Hadrian (117 A.D.), and badly joined to the earlier piece by 11. 22-35. Granting, as we must, that the Caesar of lines 1-21 is Hadrian, who favored the pursuit of literature (§ 10), we are not on that account obliged to assume an earlier date for the composition of the rest. It seems more likely that early in Hadrian's reign Juvenal wrote this satire, expressing his hope based on the imperial favor, but describing conditions as they were and had been.' 1-35. No longer need poets give up literary pursuits, and eke out a livelihood in baser occupations; an indulgent emperor is ready to be their patron. Let them not expect support from any other source; for the rich bestow nothing but praise, leaving the poet to meet old age in poverty and discouragement. 1 R. Beer, Spicil. Iuv., p. 67. 2 See A. Gercke, Gött. gel. Anz., 1896, p. 984. 1 The two pro perides (sororibus Afris) was proverbial for the finest. verbs are connected also in Mart. x, 94 and XIII, 37.1 152. subrepta: the apples of the Hesperides were stolen by Hercules in spite of the dragon which guarded them. 153. scabie... mali: see § 52. aggere the wall of Servius Tullius, running from hill to hill across valleys or level ground, took the form of an agger, i.e. a ditch and an embankment supported by strong wall (Cic. Rep. II, 11). It was a breezy spot (8, 43), a favorite promenade (Hor. Sat. 1, 8, 15 aggere in aprico spatiari), and for that reason the resort of fortune-tellers (6, 588) and showmen.2 154. qui tegitur: i.e. a trained monkey performing on the back of a goat; see § 142. A performing monkey is mentioned also by Mart. XIV, flagelli: see § 88. 202 callidus emissas eludere simius hastas. 156-173. It is not in a miserly spirit that Virro treats you so, but because he is amused by your humiliation. No freeborn man should subject himself to such treatment for the sake of a dinner; but if you can endure these insults, you deserve them all. 156. inpensae: see note on 3, 216. 157. hoc agit more commonly id agit, 'this is his object,' 'he devotes himself to this'; cf. 7, 20, 48. comoedia, mimus: on dramatic en tertainment at banquets, see note on II, 179. 158. quis: see § 62, a. gula ergo: see note on 1, 140 and § 156. 161. liber: Mart. Ix, 10, 4 liber non potes et gulosus esse; id. II, 53, 3 liber eris, cenare foris si, Maxime, noles. regis see note on 1, 136. 162. nidore: Mart. 1, 92, 9 pasceris...solo nidore culinae; see § 26. 162 nudus: 'destitute,' as in 7, 35. 164. Etruscum... aurum: i.e. bulla (see § 129, c and note on 1, 28), called by Stat. Silv. v, 3, 120 nobile pectoris aurum, and by Val. Max. v, 6, 8 insignia ingenuitatis. The bulla was a small locket-like receptacle for amulets (praebia), worn by freeborn boys till the assumption of the toga virilis. Among the poorer classes it was made of leather (1. 165 loro) and worn suspended from the neck by a common band (nodus). The custom was brought to Rome from Etruria, where the bulla was worn by persons of noble birth. Examples of bullae are still extant in Naples, Mentz, London, and elsewhere, and representations in ancient 166. ecce dabit: these unspoken words are an expansion of spes. 1 A. Sonny, A.L.L. vIII, p. 487. 2 Lanciani, Ruins and Excavations, pp. 60 ff. (cut on page 62); Hülsen, Nom. Topog. See Mau, Pauly-Wiss., III, 1048 ff. |