CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE POPES OF ROME.

KINGS OF FRANCE. EMPERORS OF GERMANY.

Was elected at the early age of 18. The counterpart
of John XII., without one redeeming quality. He
was both ignorant and illiterate.

Honorius II. elected Pope by the Emperor and Lom-
bard Prelates, and reigns five years as such, in op.
position to Alexander.

Notwithstanding all the enormities of this spiritual
Autocrat, he was formally enrolled at Rome among
the Romish Saints, by Benedict XIII. Celibacy of
the Clergy established by Gregory, A. D. 1017.

Enacted in the Council of Clermont, "that no Eccle-
siastic should promise upon his oath, liege obedience
to any king or layman;" and that it was lawful for
subjects to break the oaths of allegiance to all such
as were excommunicated by the Pope. First Cru-
sade, A. D. 1096.

Orders the cup, in the Sacrament, to be denied to the

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE POPES OF ROME.

KINGS OF FRANCE. EMPERORS OF GERMANY.

A. D.

POPES OF ROME.

KINGS OF ENGLAND.

Schism between Gelasius and Gregory VIII., which
is continued after the death of Gelasius, between
Gregory and Callistus; and terminated by Gregory
being taken prisoner by Callistus.

Ninth General Council, held at the Lateran Palace,
A. D. 1123.

Tenth General Council, held at the Lateran Palace, A. D. 1139, before which Arnold of Brescia is summoned.

1119 Callistus II.

1125 Honorius II.

Orders the seizure and subsequent death of Henry, the
learned and pious founder of the sect called Henri-
cians. Second Crusade, A. D. 1147.

Grants Ireland as a donation to Henry II. of England.
Condemns Arnold of Brescia to death, for heresy.
Eleventh General Council, held in the Lateran Palace,
A. D. 1179. Condemns the doctrines of Peter Waldo.
Schism between Alexander and Victor IV. which
lasted 19 years. Henry II., of England, does Pe-
nance at the Shrine of Thomas a Becket. VictorIV.,
Paschal III, Callistus III., and Innocent III., all
opposite Popes to Alexander.
Issues a Decree against Heresy

Third Crusade, A. D. 1189, under Frederic I., Philip II., and Richard Coeur de Lion.

The right of the Popes thus marked (*) was disputed by rival Popes.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE POPES OF ROME.
KINGS OF ENGLAND. KINGS OF FRANCE. EMPERORS OF GERMANY.

Are both opposed by Benedict XIII. Gregory and
Benedict are both deposed by the Council of Pisa;
and subsequently by that of Constance.
Poisoned by his successor.

Council of Constance, A. D. 1414, which decreed that
no faith was to be kept with heretics. John denies the
immortality of the soul. He is deposed from the Papacy.
Council of Basil, A. D. 1431, is dissolved by Eugenius,
but continues its sittings in defiance of him. pon
Sixteenth General Council, held at Florence, A.D.1439,
Eimpeaches Eugenius as a perjurer, simonist, apostate
and heretic. Makes purgatory and the seven sacra-
ments articles of faith.

Distinguished by his munificence and love of literature.

Solemnly retracts his defence of the Council of Basil;
shamefully declaring that, as Eneas Sylvius, he was
a damnable heretic; but as Pius II. he was an or-
thodox Pontiff.
1212

1230 CODE 7 dapuchy 1230
Instigates a conspiracy to assassinate Lorenzo de Medici,
and to change the government of Florence. Inquisi-
tion in Spain, A. D. 1478. ? qe ajo
Columbus discovers America. on pug pen so
Whose vices and enormities render him one of the

most profligate characters that history has ever re-
Ecorded. A poisoned draught, which he, or his son
Cæsar Borgia, had prepared for some of his Cardinals,
cut short his flagitious life. He was clever, covetous
and cruel; with little faith and less religion, but of
undisguised rapacity and determined ambition. He
died August 18, 1503.

OYOnly occupies the Papal Chair one month, dying
October 18, 1503.