The American Catholic Quarterly Review

Catholic laymen, from insufficient training, often unable to defend their doctrine
and belief on fundamental articles; Points too profound even for the learned to
define; Donoso Cortes on the dual character of the truths of religion; The theories
of modern English agnostics opposed to common sense; Herbert Spencer's abor-
tive reasoning; Materialistic Monism; Philological absurdities outdone by agnos-
tic arguments; Professor Henry Drummond's amazing adaptability and shallow-
ness; Simple answers for Catholic defenders of the truth; Christ's provisions for
the transmission of truth and grace.

160

THE MEANING OF SCRIPTURAL NUMBERS. By Rev. Joseph H. Rockwell, S.J., 178

Pythagoras the reputed originator of symbolism in numbers; His theories derided

by St. John Chrysostom; The Neo-Platonists exercise an influence over the early

Fathers; The fatalistic system of Philo the Jew; St. Augustine believes in a sym-

bolic meaning in certain numbers; His explanation of the "days" of creation;

An obscure reference of St. Ambrose; Attempt to decipher the riddle; Proba-

bility of an early language of numbers; The theory of their relation to great facts

not to be lightly set aside.

SCIENTIFIC CHRONICLE. By Rev. T. J. A. Freeman, S.J., . . .

Artificial silk; Some new points about X-rays; Prevention of injuries.

AUTHENTICITY OF THE BOOK OF ACTS. By Rev. A. J. Maas, S.J., .

Opinions of M. Renan on the authorship of the Acts; Disagrees with Professor

Harnack's conclusions; Dr. Bliss attributes the authorship to St. Luke. and Pro-

fessor Ramsay controverts the deduction; Examination of the conflicting argu-

ments of these eminent Greek philologists; The Tübingen theories of purpose

writing: Reasons against the admission of this view; Evidently a faithful epit-

ome of the conflicts and troubles which arose in the endeavor to make the new

doctrines acceptable to both Jew and Gentile; Archæological discovery confirms

the technical background of the history of the Acts; Evidence of the authorship

from the diction of the work; the first person plural, as used in the Acts, and why

it is introduced; Final reasons for regarding St. Luke as the real author of the

Acts.

LACORDAIRE AND LAMENNAIS. By Rev. Reuben Parsons, D.D., . .

Spurious liberalism at the beginning of the century; Deadly effects of the secular

university; Eloquence of Lacordaire; Legal prophecies: Forsakes the bar and turns

to the Church; Associated with Lamennais in his political and social struggles;

The famous essay on "Indifference"; The condemnation of the Avenir; Parting

of Lacordaire and Lamennais; Vast crowds of men listen to Lacordaire at Notre

Dame; He is admitted to the French Academy: His death; Lamennais' pride

and obstinacy; Celebrates his last Mass; His melancholy years of self-ostracism

from the Church; His tragic death; His power as an author; His overweening

pride; Pantheistic traces in his philosophy.

197

225

256

THE NEW POLITICAL ISSUE IN IRELAND. By John J. O'Shea,

Substantial grounds for Ireland's Dissatisfaction under the Union; Deceptive

basis for proportionate taxation taken by Mr. Pitt; Mr. Grattan's objection; How

the fusion of the English and Irish Exchequers was brought about; Prosperity of

Ireland under Grattan's Parliament; Its present-day decay; Overmanning the

public service in the English interest, and charging Ireland with the cost; Tax-

ation per head in Ireland double that of England; Immense quantities of land

gone out of cultivation; Rapid decline in population and wealth; False charge

of excessive drinking brought against the Irish; Disproved by Parliamentary re-

turns; Callousness of English statesmen when convicted of public wrong-doing;

Mr. Pitt's avowed object frustrated, and his fiscal stipulations disregarded; The

cause for justice to Ireland irresistible.

Invitation from the Resident-General of Madagascar to the Abbe of the Trappists;
Aiguebelle and the career of Abbe Martrin; Dom Francis Regis makes a journey
to Algiers; The site of a camp chosen for a new monastery; A military Mass in
the desert; Fearful trials of the new settlement; Conversion of the French painter,
Horace Vernet: Wonderful success of the Trappists in agriculture; Sanguine
views of their influence in the new Madagascar settlement.

THE SITUATION IN ROME. By W. J. D. Croke,

Hopeless deadlock between the Papacy and the Italian Government; Vitality of

the Roman question; The modernizing of the city; Jerry-building amidst the ruins

of the Cæsars; The moral phenomena of the changing order; The Italian revolu-

tion a reproduction of the French; Both bourgeoisie movements; Subsidence of

anti-clericalism, and a solid sentiment favorable to peace between the Quirinal

and the Vatican: Papal forces held in reserve; The present deadlock injurious to

the material concerns of Italy; Disastrous effects of the Dreibund upon Italian

affairs; the possibilities of a settlement with the Papacy; Reserved attitude of the

Sovereign Pontiff; The germs of a solution inseparable from the continuance of

the present situation.

HOW THE TURK CAME TO CONSTANTINOPLE. By Bryan J. Clinch,

299

The late paradoxical position in Cretan waters and the Piræus ; How the Christian

powers regard Turk and Greek: Beginnings of the Turkish race; Struggle between

the Iranian and the Turanian for the mastery of the Asiatic continent; Barbarism

wins in the end: Respective social systems of East and West; Survival of the

patriarchal mode among the orientals; Nomadic warrior shepherds; Edward

O'Donovan's experience in Merv; Singular ethics of the Turcomans; Their sym-

pathy for animals; Spread of Mahometanism among them; Became the succes-

sors of the Saracens on the overthrow of the Bagdad Caliphate; Establishment of

the Seljukian Turks in Asia Minor; Gradual encroachments on the Greek Empire;

Rise of the house of Osman; Its armies recruited by Christian boys seized as trib-

ute; Schism and dissension between East and West favor the Turkish advance;

The great victories of Amurath in Europe; Conquest of Servia, Roumelia, and

Bosnia; Moslems support the Greek schismatics from motives of policy; Bajazet

eonquers Bulgaria and creates the title of Sultan; Boasts he will overrun Italy

and feed his horse on the altar of St. Peter's; Is routed by Tamerlane in Asia, and

dies in captivity; John Hunyades appears on the scene and drives the Turks

beyond the Balkans; Neglects to follow up his victory: Hungarians defeated in

next campaign; Rise of Mahomet II.; His savage character; Constantinople

gradually surrounded by his armies; Last stand of the Greeks and heroic death of

the Emperor Constantine; Fall of the city.

CHRISTIAN FAITH AND MODERN SCIENCE. By Very Rev. John B. Hogan,

SS., D.D.,

Science sought to be set up as a new idol; No real conflict between true Science
and true Religion; God the source of both; Draper, Huxley, and White; Illegiti-
mate extensions of theology; The limits of papal infallibility; Galileo's case no
criterion; The Church and usury; Absurd pretensions of Science, and errone-
ous limitation of the term; The solicitude of early believers for the integrity of
their faith quite natural; Science too impetuous, and needs restraint; Protestant
opposition more unyielding than Catholic, because of their dependence on the
Bible alone; Rarity of the Church's interference in theologico-scientific ques-
tions; M. Brunetière on the failure of Science to establish its pretensions; A rev-
erential attitude demanded both from scientists and religious defenders; the fa-
mous dictum of Gamaliel.

FRANCE'S AID TO AMERICA IN THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE. By Richard

H. Clarke, LL.D., .

Source and origin of the idea of "independence"; Colonists only maintaining the
rights conferred by the British Constitution; The English Government the viola-
tors and aggressors; Americans driven by illegality into revolution; Loyalty of
the Colonists only a little while before strikingly manifested; Hatred of England
intense in France; Early thoughts of an alliance with the American Colonies;
Acute previsions of the French Ministry; Genuine sympathy for American liberty
in France; Bold ideas of the Duke de Choiseul; His prophetic declarations; Brit-
ish Ministry ignore Franklin's monitions; England denounces the "treason" of
the American Colonists and at the same time sends money to Corsica to promote a
rising against France; Withering answer of the Empress Catherine to the English
request for Russian mercenaries; England scours the continent for hirelings; Hes-
sians and Brunswickers promised "license to plunder and indulge their passions";
Marie Antoinette warmly espouses the American cause; Unselfish character of
French and Spanish sympathy; Decisive interview of Beaumarchais with Lee;
Lafayette's enthusiasm is fired when he hears of Concord and Lexington; Meet-

382

399

ing with Washington; Gets Rochambeau to come and his army to follow; Tact of
Louis XVI.; Frustrates the treason of Lee and Arnold at the battle of Monmouth:
Amazing activity and military genius of Lafayette; The enthusiasm in France
for America's cause spreads to Spain; Lafayette's immense sacrifices; A Treaty of
Alliance with America signed at Versailles; Frederick the Great sends congratula-
tions over Burgoyne's surrender; Exertions of Marie Antoinette to get D'Estaing's
fleet dispatched; Glorious camaraderie of the French and American armies and
fleets; Great losses of the French in the course of the war; Importance of the
naval struggle.

SCIENTIFIC CHRONICLE.. By Rev. T. J. A. Freeman, S.J.,

Refinements of modern measurements; That unlucky number, thirteen; Amber-

gris.

CATHOLIC SECONDARY EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. By Rev. John

T. Murphy, C.S.Sp.,

Excellent organization of the Catholic parochial schools; Hopes of a better state
of public opinion regarding the necessity of religion in primary education; Neces-
sity of sustaining parochial schools; Scope of secondary education; Its decisive
character at a critical period of life: Advantages possessed by non-Catholics in
this important matter; Want of Organization among Catholics to attain this end;
Great sacrifices of the religious orders; Poverty of resources; Deficiencies in
grading facilities; Technical training a great desideratum; Suggestions for im-
proved classification; Superiority of the High Schools: Arrangements possible to
Catholics; Waste of Catholic resources amongst non-Catholic secondary institu-
tions.

THE EPISCOPATE OF BISHOP BARAGA. By Richard R. Elliott,

Wide extent of Bishop Baraga's jurisdiction; His ideal social elevation as well as

religious; Labors of Father Point, S.J.; Influence of a wave of white immigration

into Indian territory; Bishop Baraga goes to Europe for help: He gets munificent

money-aid in Austria and procures priests in Dublin; The spiritual side of

Bishop Baraga; His refined and beautiful disposition; Laborious character of his

wide-spread episcopal duties; His influence transforms the character of the In-

dians; A fearful journey brings on a fatal illness; Profound grief of the Indians,

as well as non-Catholics, at his demise; A memorable funeral day; Growth of

Catholic institutions in his diocese during his episcopate; Vast material resources

of the territory.

CATHOLIC SPAIN: ITS POLITICS AND ITS LIBERALISM. By Rev. Thomas

Hughes, S.J.,

Reasons for Spain's resentment at American interference in the Cuban question;

Admissions of Liberal misgovernment in the island; Masonic intrigues: The spoils

system in Spain; Hollowness of political life; Apathy of the people; Analysis of

Spanish Liberalism; intense Catholicism of the population; The Abbe Gayraud

Prescott's and Washington Irving's pictures of Spain; Guizot's more enlightened

views; Catholic civilization in Mexico compared with Anglo-American in the

SOME REFLECTIONS ON EDMUND Burke's CenTENARY. By John J. O'Shea, 517

Dr. Johnson's estimate of Cicero and Burke; Bigotry of England in Burke's days;

Burke's conservatism: His alleged inconsistency; His change of mind regarding

Dissenters; Dr. Johnson on English persecutions in Ireland; Low condition of

English civilization; Burke's aversion from the Volunteer movement in Ireland;

Mr. Morley's essay on Burke; Burke's pleas for toleration to Catholics; Reasons

for his failure to convince his audience; A typical Irishman.

DR. F. H. BRADLEY'S APPEARANCE AND REALITY-PRIMARY AND SEC-

ONDARY QUALITIES. By St. George Mivart, .

Interest of English Catholics in the work; The theory of subjective appearance;

Objective qualities demonstrated; The author's poverty of language his great diffi-

culty; Our apprehension of realities correct; "Barbarous metaphysics"; Sophisins

of the idealists; Materialism set up as a criterion for intellect; Qualities mistaken

for substance; A "bewildering circle" of the author's own making; A chapter of

paradoxes.

ST. CYPRIAN AND THE HOLY SEE. By Rev. William Barry, D.D., . . .

The late Archbishop of Canterbury's book; Inequality in literary workmanship;

Shady dogmatic theology; Dr. Lightfoot's superiority; Tertullian's bold epi-

grams; Irenæus on uniformity; St. Cyprian's clear-cut statements on union and

Church government; His letter to Pope Stephen; Dr. Benson's rendering of

"Ecclesia principalis": The deposition of Dioscorus, Patriarch of Alexandria:

The Chair of Peter; Bossuet's lucid exposition; The Papal dignity strengthens

the episcopate; Bellarmine's emphatic dictum on the Papacy confirmed by the

trend of modern times.

531

554

A NEW OXFORD MOVEMENT IN ENGLAND. By Rev. James Kendal, S.J.,. 578

Oxford and Cambridge Universities available to Catholics; More advantageous

than the foundation of a Catholic university; The latent inherent power of the

Church; The time opportune for Catholic participation in the intellectual strug-

gle; Catholics need to know their own position exactly; The power of the pen

and the press; Effect of the Christian social movement; Egotism in literature a

non-Catholic trait; High example of the late Father Hecker; Distinctiveness in

literature the true aim for Catholic writers.

PAGE

THE TURKISH STRUGGLE WITH CATHOLIC EUROPE. By Bryan J. Clinch,. 592

The Sultan still a Tartar enthroned; Early victories of the Hungarians; The stand

of the military monks; Growth of the Turkish navy; Christian renegades; The

conquests of Selim I.; Two hundred thousand Janissaries; Turkey a first-class

military and naval power; Solyman the Magnificent; Divisions amongst the

Christian powers; Fall of Belgrade and capitulation of Rhodes; Hungary over-

whelmed Protestants acknowledge Solyman's suzerainty; Vienna besieged;

Triumphant resistance under Count Salm; Heroic defence of Malta; Solyman's

advance checked by the devotion of Zriny; England becomes the supporter of

the Turks; Selim the Drunkard captures Cyprus: The overthrow at Lepanto;

Victories of Sobieski and Prince Eugene, and peace of Carlowitz.

JACQUES ANDRÉ EMERY. By A. L. Emery,

. 605

Singular energy of character; Self-possession in revolutionary days; The massa-

cre des Carmes; Arrested: Friends among" the sections"; Brought before

Fouquier-Tanville; An understudy of the guillotine; Studying the "Summa

in prison; Consoles Marie Antoinette and makes many conversions; Released at

the end of the Terror: Administration of the diocese of Paris; Interview with the

First Consul; Arrested afresh; A great act of Papal supremacy; Tells Napoleon

he is mistaken; The Emperor's respect for his opinion; Napoleon's amazing self-

conceit; A sad parting; A memorable scene at the Tuileries: Trying position;

Father Emery's wonderful tact; Napoleon vanquished in argument; Father

Emery's illness and death.

THE OLD FAITH AND THE NEW WOMAN. By Rev. George Tyrrell, S.J.,.. 630

Conservatism of the Church; Solid reasons for going slow: The extreme type of

"New Woman" an abomination to Catholics; Individualism and Rationalism;

The family the true unit: Protestants differ from St. Paul; The headship of the

husband; True exaltation of woman under the Catholic system.

IN MEMORIAM: THE VERY REV. AUGUSTINE F. HEWIT, D.D., C.S.P., 646

SCIENTIFIC CHRONICLE. By Rev. T. J. A. Freeman, S.J., .

Glass bricks and buildings; Wood pulp.

WHAT DO WE READ? By R. J. M.,

General Decrees of the new Apostolic Constitution; Explanation of the Fourth

Decree Insidious literature; Protestant trend of the English language; Poisoned

at its source; Wilful distortion of history: Janssen's and Pastor's services to truth;

Falsehood in the Encyclopædias; The Jesuit in popular myths; Indiana and

"The Story of Liberty"; The pretensions of "Science '; Spurious philosophy; The

Catholic as represented by Protestant novelists; Anti-Catholic spirit of the secu-

lar press; Faults of Catholic writers; Dr. Brownson and Lady Fullerton; Marion

Crawford's faults; The daily papers; What Catholics ought to do.

THE STRUGGLE OF POLISH CATHOLICITY WITH RUSSIAN ORTHODOXY. By

Rev. Reuben Parsons, D.D.,

Europe's indebtedness to Poland; Fatal defects in the Polish Civil Constitution;
Churchmen the chief martyrs to liberty in Poland; Schismatics and toleration;
Effect of the partition upon the Orthodox faith; The Empress Catharine's sangui-
nary ukase; Voltaire's "Saint of the North"; De Maistre and Siestrzencewicz;
Tolstoy's misrepresentations; Destruction of the Greek Uniate Church; Persecu-
tion of the Latin Catholics; Fidelity of the Ruthenians to Rome; Wholesale mar-
tyrdom; The Polish Catholics; The Czar Nicholas I. at the Vatican; Patriotism
of the Polish clergy: Massacres in Warsaw; A fierce persecution; Mourawieff and
Kauffmann begin a war of extirpation; Pius IX. dismisses the Russian Ambassa-
dor and breaks with the Czar.

PASSION-FLOWERS. By Alfred E. P. Raymund Dowling, B.A., Oxon.,

Antiquity of nature-worship; Extent of the flora connected with Christianity;

The folk-lore of flowers"; Flowers connected with our Lord's life and passion;

Lenten flowers; Flora of the old Passion Plays; Delights of nature-study.

IMPRESSIONS PRODUCED BY

APOSTOLICE CURÆ."

Low estimate of the Bull by the Anglican press; More sensible attitude of the

English secular press; Canon Churton's shrewd prognostic; The "Encyclical

Satis cognitum; Cardinal Vaughn's keen dissection of that document; The out-

ery against the proposed fund for Anglican convert clergymen; The secession of

"Fathers" Maturin and Cowley; Greek, Russian, and Anglican sympathies;

Some hopeful indications in the present situation; The strong current of Ritual-

ism.

FACT AND FICTION IN LITERATURE. By Rev. J. Kendal, S.J.,

Insatiable demand of the public for new novels; Different mental training in the

old days and the present; Neglect of serious literature for the novel; Mental dys-

pepsia; In a severely practical age this is paradoxical; Fascinations of scientific

study: Rational construction of an ideal novel; Dryness of the historical writers:

tion of rational indulgence in light literature.

THE LAND OF RECURRING FAMINES. By John J. O'Shea,

Isolation of India; A wall of impenetrability around its great tragedies; Courses
of Indian famines; The money of the people swept away wholesale in taxation;
Regularity of recurrence of famines almost mathematical; Warning of the Duke

77,3

of Wellington; Enormous extent of alluvial waste lands in India; Rigid exactions

of the British rule; More considerate policy of the old native princes; The land

tax; The salt tax; The money-lenders follow in the wake of the British, but not

allowed under the old system; Sir James Caird on the causes and prevention of

famine; His recommendations unheeded; The enormous growth of population

and the Malthusian doctrine; Is famine part of the settled policy of the ruling

power? Lord Northbrook's and Sir Richard Temple's humane efforts; The estab-

lishment of a famine fund a mere bagatelle if it were desired; Confessed failure

of England as a ruling power; Insolence and tyranny of the English colony;

Litigious habits of the Hindoos.

THE EXPULSION OF THE ACADIANS. By Frances W. Grey,