THE AMERICAN CATHOLIC QUARTERLY REVIEW. Bonum est homini ut eum veritas vincat volentem, quia malum est homini ut eum veritas vin- S. AUG. EPIST. ccxxxviii. AD PASCENT. VOLUME XXII. FROM JANUARY TO OCTOBER, 1897. PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHER AND PROPRIETOR, 505 CHESTNUT STREET. TABLE OF CONTENTS. The sympathy and enthusiasm of St. Wilfrid reproduced in Cardinal Lavigerie; Many common characteristics between these two great figures: Lavigerie's worldly parents; The humble instruments through which he derived his early religious belief; His gratitude in after-life: At St. Sulpice; Foundation of the Euvre des Ecoles d'Orient; The great massacres of Lebanon; Lavigerie's first contact with Eastern infidelity; Finds his vocation; His dream; The Bishopric of Algiers and Marshal MacMahon; Foundation of the work for the conversion of Africa; Begins his rule with an example of severity; Marshal MacMahon opposes his plans for evangelization: The Emperor also: Lavigerie stands firm, and wins; His patriotism; Raised to the cardinalate; Letter to the Count de Chambord; Pope Leo and the duty of French Catholics; The Cardinal announces the new policy; A critical moment; The anti-slavery crusade begins in Africa; His per- sonal characteristics; His death. THE CHIPPEWAS AND OTTAWAS: FATHER BARAGA'S BOOKS IN THEIR LAN- Territory of the Iroquois Confederacy; A common dialect spoken; Beginning of PAGE A GLANCE AT THE REIGN OF ST. LOUIS. By Rev. Reuben Parsons, D.D., . . 47 ASPECTS OF PESSIMISM. By Rev. James Kendal, S.J., Pessimism defined; Hellenic and Roman ideas; Leibnitz and his school: Shakes- peare's philosophical lessons; Effects of the Renaissance; Schopenhauer's gloomy predications; Hartmann's "Philosophy of the Unconscious" anticipated him; The idea of moral evolution; William Watson's poetry: The theory of an indiffer- ent God; Poetry and "culture" as substitutes for religion; The aims of life the measure of its value; The miseries of life make difficult the idea of a beneficent Creator; High office of the Church in reconciling fact and belief; Unhappy po- sition of Agnostics; Successful villany and unmerited misfortune difficult exam- ples to reconcile with the common Fatherhood of God; Too much disregard of material things in the higher pursuit of the spiritual charged against Catholics; Baselessness of the general inferences drawn from specific examples; The Crusades as the origin of Italian prosperity; The Church inculcates the true relation of mundane and spiritual things; Egotism and self-effacement exemplified; Father Hecker's view; Attitude of the Church toward scientific discovery; Growing dul- ness of the general moral sense in regard to sin; The emancipation of the Chris- tian republics by Pope Alexander III.; Reforms of Gregory VII.; Immense possi- bilities still before the Church; We cannot truly be measured by material or |