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Odys'seus (Ulysses) was noted for his acuteness of in

tellect.

Nes'tor was a wise and experienced counselor. His advice was followed implicity.

Both Agamemnon and Achilles had tragic ends. The former, while attending a banquet, given in honor of his return from Troy, was murdered by his wife, Clytemnes'tra, and Aegis'theus.

Achilles, on seeing Polyx'ena, the daughter of King Priam, was so captivated by her charms that he wished to marry her. For this object, he promised to try to persuade the Greeks to grant peace to Troy. But Paris shot a poisoned arrow at Achilles while they were in the temple of Phoebus (Apollo) arranging the marriage. Phoebus directed the course of the arrow which wounded Achilles in the heel-the only vulnerable part about him. When an infant, his mother Thetis, dipped him into the river Styx' which had the power to make him invulnerable. She overlooked the heel by which she held him, so, unfortunately, that was not made invulnerable.

The Palla'dium was a beautiful statue of Pallas Athene (Minerva), which stood in Troy. It was said to have dropped from Heaven and it was believed that Troy would never be taken while the statue remained standing in that city. Odysseus (Ulysses) and Diomede disguised themselves, went into the city and carried off the statue.

Helen recognized Odysseus but did not betray him to anybody. She became reconciled to her husband and they sailed for Spar'ta. But the gods were angry at Helen for making so much trouble and sent them stormy weather which drove the ship to Cy'prus, Phoeni'cia and E'gypt. Helen and Manelaus, her husband, were hospitably entertained in Egypt and received valuable gifts. The people of Egypt presented Helen with a golden spindle and a basket in which to hold her spools and wool. Finally Helen and her husband reached Sparta in safety and, as the fairy tales say, "lived happily ever after."

HE most important step in the peace propaganda of the year is set forth in the Nation for September 23. 1909, in an article by Mr. Edwin Ginn, who explains the purpose of the International School of Peace whose founding he is furthering. "My own belief is," he says, "that the idea which underlies the movement for the Hague Court can be developed so that the nations can be persuaded each to contribute a small percentage of their military forces at sea and on land to form an International Guard or Police Force. Five per cent. of the present armaments would probably be found sufficient. *

"The plan which I would establish is somewhat as follows," Mr. Ginn continues in an explanation from which the following extracts are taken:

"(1) There should be founded, I think in corporate form, an International School of Peace. Such a corporation would be a permanent legal machinery for receiving and disbursing contributions and bequests.

"(2) This International School of Peace, whether incorporated or not incorporated, should have a president, secretary, treasurer and board of managers or directors, making up an executive committee constituted of men who are known for their soundness of judgment as well as for their devotion to the public welfare. An advisory council, consisting of men prominent in the peace movement, might well be constituted.

"(3) There should be a Bureau of Education, which should attempt to modify the courses of study in our schools, colleges, and universities, by eliminating the use of such literature and history as tend to inculcate unduly the military spirit and to exaggerate the achievements of war.

"International exchange of teachers and students, in accordance with the ideas which underlie the Rhodes scholarships, and the recent exchange of professors between Germany and America should be further extended, even among the teachers of our public schools.

"Social intercourse among the educators of different nations should be extended in every possible way.

"The circulation of such books as have already been published under the name of 'The International Library' should be advanced in every possible way, and the publication and circulation of other books having an analogous tendency should be encouraged.

"The cooperation of the clergy should also be obtained.

"Either separately, or as a part of this Educational Bureau, there should be an organized attempt to influence the press of the world.

"Again, why should not the government appropriate money for the proper training of its civil servants, ten thousand in number? Our business organizations-chambers of commerce and other similar associations-should be addressed and interested in this question of the burdens of war and of the threat and fear of war.

"(4) A political bureau should be instituted, which should employ men of statesmanlike grasp and power in all the main capitals of the world, to watch over the course of legislation and to work for the reduction of armaments."

Mr. Ginn is planning to give to such a school an annual income of $50,000 and to endow it after his death, and he hopes that other men will be ready to increase the fund to an efficient amount. He urges the enlistment of people of talent and ardor who will be ready to consecrate their utmost efforts to furtherance of the interests and activities of the undertaking.

On the evening of December 15, 1909, Mr. Ginn opened a room at 29 Beacon street, Boston, which is to be the headquarters for the present of the new school. Mr. Ginn spoke upon his motives and experiences in founding the school. Letters from President Huntington of Boston University, Miss Hazard of Wellesley College, Miss Woolley of Mount Holyoke, and others were noticed.

Dr. Trueblood, secretary of the American Peace Society, hailed Mr. Ginn's wise and generous proposal as a new evidence that at last the hard-headed business men of the world are waking up to the folly and enormity of the war system of nations.

Mrs. Fannie Fern Andrews, secretary of the American School Peace League, expressed the gratitude of the League to Mr. Ginn for gracious support and constant coöperation and called attention to movements looking toward similar work in France, Sweden, Germany, and elsewhere.

The Cosmopolitan Club of Harvard University was represented by a young student from Brazil. It was stated that the Harvard Cosmopolitan Club, which President Eliot has pronounced the most interesting club in the university, has a membership of two hundred students, only one-third of them Americans. In the twenty or more Cosmopolitan Clubs in our various universities there are now enrolled two

thousand students, all devoted to promoting international good understanding and fraternity.

Edwin D. Mead spoke of his own cordial and active relation to many agencies of the peace cause and his sense of the importance of the closest and most economical coöperation always among them all. The new School of Peace, which he hoped would concentrate largely upon the educational sides of the peace work, could render the Peace societies an incalculable service by multiplying books and pamphlets of the best character, to meet their needs and the varied needs of the cause; and it could reinforce most directly such efforts as those of the School Peace League and the Cosmopolitan Clubs. Where existing agencies were adequate, it should coöperate with those; but it should not be slow to enter new fields where work in such was clearly demanded. It had already started a department for work among the women's organizations of the country, where there is at large and greatly neglected opportunity.

The International Peace Library, established to publish and spread abroad peace literature is being developed to coöperate with the International School of Peace.

President Taft at the dinner of the American Peace and Arbitration League in New York on March 22, gave an interesting exposition of the attitude of the head of the nation. toward the questions of peace and arbitration. President

Taft said in part:

I do not want to seem inconsistent in speaking so emphatically here in favor of peace by arbitration and in using every effort that I can to bring to bear on Congress to have two more battleships this year. I am hopeful that we may continue with that until the Panama Canal is constructed, so that then our naval forces shall be doubled by reason of the connection between the two coasts, and then we can stop and think whether we wish to go further. Perhaps by that time there shall be adopted a means of reducing armament.

The expense of armament is working toward peace. The expense of war, I am sorry to say, is having greater weight in securing peace than the expense of lives. A nation does not lightly enter upon war now, and for two reasons:

First, because the expense is so great that it is likely to lead her to bankruptcy even if she wins; and, second, that if she does not win, the government or dynasty or whatever it may be that is in control of the government, is likely to go down under the humilia

tion of that defeat at the hands of her own people. These two things are working in a healthful way toward peace.

Now, if we have a permanent court of arbitration, one to which we can easily refer all questions, the opportunity is likely to be seized upon-certainly to be seized upon by that country that is in the contest to follow, if war is to follow, not quite prepared; and so by its demanding or proposing a reference to the court it will put the other country in the attitude of desiring war, an attitude that I think no country would like under present conditions to occupy before the world.

As resort becomes more and more frequent to this permanent court questions which can be submitted to the view of the nations will grow broader and broader in their scope. I have noticed exceptions in our arbitration treaties, as to reference of questions of honor, of national honor, to courts of arbitration. Personally, I do not see any more reason why matters of national honor should not be referred to a court of arbitration any more than matters of property or matters of individual proprietorship.

I know that is going further than most men are willing to go, but among men we have to submit differences even if they involve honor, if we obey the law, to the court or let them go undecided. It is true that our courts can enforce the law, and as between nations .here is no court with a sheriff or marshal that can enforce the law. But I do not see why questions of honor may not be submitted to a tribunal supposed to be composed of men of honor who understand questions of national honor as well as any other questions of difference arising between nations.

ABU SIMBEL

Of Egypt's countless altars, only one
Hath still adoring fires; one only block
Is warmed with worship of the dawning sun
That pierces to it through the riven rock.

-Katharine Lee Bates.

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