non force out any man you please &c.-27. Ere; vases of bronze, of Corinthian make.-28. Trades over seas from east to west.' Ad eum (solem).-29. Quin (nay more) præceps &c., headlong he hurries through evil after evil.-31. Summâ deperdat = perdat de summa, should lose aught from his capital.—33. A wisp of hay used to be tied to the horns of bulls that were dangerous, to put the passers-by on their guard.-32. Omnes hi; all noticed from 1. 26. The omnes hi and their friends are supposed to cry aloud at the sight of a Satirist : 'Fænum habet in cornu,' he is mischievous.-36. A furno, lacuque; the public bakehouse, and the cistern; the lower order of people returning home from these places in some numbers would make an audience to hand.-37. Agedum &c. Here H.-38. Dederim, I would readily grant.-Poetis; by attraction after the Gr.-39. Concludere = pedibus claudere senis, to complete metrically.-41. Sermoni propiora - what is more like the language of ordinary conversation.-42. Mens dirinior, a soul of a diviner cast. Os &c., the power of noble language.-44. Comoedia, necne, poema &c., whether a Comedy were a poem or not.-47. Constr. : Si eripias temp. c. modosque (the measure and modulated cadence) his (versibus) quae ego nunc (scribo), et quæ Luc. olim scripsit &c. invenias membra poetæ &c., ut si (as you certainly would, if) solvas &c. (the lines of the poet Ennius that follow.)—51. Two lines from the Annales of Ennius: Discord is represented in them as breaking down the gates of War (i. e. the gates within which War was confined), because the gates of the temple of Janus remained closed during peace, and were thrown open in time of war.-54. Alias (quæram) = at another opportunity. 56, 57. Sulcius et Caprius; well-known public informers. Libelli, charges formally drawn up. — 60. Ut sis, even supposing you to be. Cælius and Birrius were young prodigals; such, according to Orelli, as attached themselves to Catiline, and who, though of good families, had been drawn, by degrees, into every species of crimes (Sallust, ch. 14). -61. Non ego sum (similis) Cap. neque S.-62. Pila; a pillar or post of a building, on which the titles of new books were advertised. -63. See Sat. 3. n. 129.66. Lavantes, at the public baths; 'a place well walled in (Horace jestingly adds) returns a pleasant echo to the voice.'-68. Sine sensu, senselessly.-69. Tempore alieno, unseasonably. 70. Inquit Gr. pn, some one says. Studio, of set purpose. Prarus facis; id est, propter malitiam, dedita opera, et assidue, hoc facere soles, eoque gaudes.' Orelli.-Unde petitum &c. Whence (says H.) did you get this charge which you fling against me? -71. Constr.: Estne aliquis eorum quibuscum vixi auctor (hujusmodi accusationis)?-73. Soluti risus, unchecked laughter.-74. Dicax, an agreeable rattle.-77. Three couches were set along three sides of the table; the fourth side was left open for the attendants; two, three, and occasionally four guests occupied each couch.-78. Quavis (ratione) adspergere, to asperse, speak ill of.—79. Præter &c.; except his host, the entertainer, whom Horace here designates by that part of his office which consisted in his providing water for his guests, for washing their hands before sitting down to table, the use of forks being unknown to the ancients. - 80. Condita abscondita. 81. Hic, this fellow. 82. Infesto nigris, to you who hate detractors.83. See Sat. 2. 1. 25.-85. 'Petillius Cap. quum præesset Capitolio, unde Capitolinus dictus est, accusatus est quod coronam Jovis Capitolini auream rapuisset ; quare ipse sublatæ coronæ causam dixit, et absolutus est a judicibus in gratiam Octaviani Cæsaris, cujus amicus erat.' Schol. But Capitolinus is one of the surnames of the Gens Petilla, and not a personal surname. This mistake of the Scholiast casts suspicion upon the whole story.-86. Ut tuus est mos, after your peculiar fashion; i. e. conveying some insinuation as bad or worse than the charge you pretend to defend against your dear friend: as here: sed tamen admiror &c.-91. Hic nigræ &c., this is the true blacking of the cuttle-fish = thorough black malignity. 'Loligo genus est piscis marini, succum habens nigrum et atramento similem.' Schol. -92. Erugo mera, pure, undiluted verdigris = pure poison. Chartis (meis). 93 &c. Constr.: (ita) rere promitto, ut aliud si quid (= quodcunque aliud) vere de me promittere possum.-96. Insuescere aliquem aliqua re, was sometimes said for assuescere aliquem alicui rei. 97. Constr.: Exemplis notando (by pointing out to me) quæque vitiorum, ut (ea) fugerem.—100. Albi; perhaps the spendthrift-son of the covetous Albius of 1. 27. 101. Barrus, Scetanus, Trebonius; prodigals and profligates of the day.-104. Sapiens reddet causas tibi (quid) vitatu &c. 108. Durare, to strengthen. 109. Nabis &c., you will swim without cork you will be able to act for yourself.-112. Objiciebat, put before (ob) me, cited. When Horace was young the Courts of Justice were under the provisions of the law Aurelia, by which 360 judges were chosen annually (Judices selecti) from the three orders of the Senators, Equites, and Tribunes of the Treasury, who gave sentence in criminal cases.-113. Constr.: An addubites (utrum) hoc inhonestum sit, necne, quum . - 114. Ardere, flagrare malo rumore, invidia, &c. = Angl., to be notoriously disreputable, universally unpopular, the object of general odium, &c.— 115. Avidos agros = gourmands, ill from their excesses. - 118. Ex hoc, thus. 120. Et istinc, even from them. - 122. Consilium = reflections.-123. Whether resting at home, or walking under the portico,' non desum mihi, I don't forget myself; I consider my ways (and I say to myself), Rectius &c.-125. Quidam; understand fecit or dixit. 126. Imprudens; inconsiderately. 128. Illudo chartis ludens injicio chartis; I amuse myself by scribbling.-29. Ex vitiis; of which he pleads guilty 1. 130. Observe how wittily Horace works his way up to a bantering conclusion. The small poetic fry of Rome were his enemies; he pretends to be of the brotherhood; threatens his critics with a gathering of the whole tribe against them, and their conversion by compulsion into poets quite as bad as themselves. -129. Concedere, to join our numbers, come over to us.-132. Julius Cæsar had permitted the Jews the exercise of their worship at Rome; they were numerous there, and indefatigable in making proselytes. once. SATIRE V. THE date of this Satire is usually placed as far back as a. u. 714; in which year a reconciliation was brought about between Antony and Octavius, by the intervention of Mæcenas, Cocceius, and Asinius Pollio. But this was previous to the intimacy between Mæcenas and Horace besides the words, 1. 29, aversos SOLITI componere amicos (the Triumvirs), plainly shew that Mæcenas and his friends had already acted as mediators between these parties more than An interview also had been arranged to take place between the two Triumvirs, a. u. 716, at Brundusium; but Antony, not finding his colleague there on his arrival, immediately left the place ; which was made matter of complaint against him by Augustus afterwards. In this same year, however, Octavius, having been twice defeated by Sextus Pompeius, again attempted a reconciliation with Antony. For this purpose Mæcenas, and the other persons mentioned in the Satire, proceeded to Brundusium early, a. u. 717; but the inhabitants of the place, regarding Antony as an enemy, refused to admit him within their walls. The negotiations, therefore, were opened at Tarentum ; and the Convention, known as the fœdus Tarentinum, was the result. It is the journey to Tarentum which is described. The Satire, in fact, is an entertaining picture of travellers' miseries in those days, such as furnished a party of clever and intelligent men with ample matter for amusement. Lucilius had given a humorous description of a similar journey from Rome to Capua, and thence to the Sicilian Straits, in the third Book of his Satires; but it is unfortunately not extant. His account is supposed to have suggested this jeu d'esprit of Horace's. 1. Aricia, a very old town of Latium, noted for the worship of Diana; now the village Laricia, on the Via Appia, and about sixteen miles from Rome.-2. Heliodorus; a Greek Grammarian, of whom little or nothing is known.-3. G. l. doctissimus; by courtesy. Inde (renimus) Forum Appi; twenty miles from Aricia; so-called from Appius Claudius Cæcus, who built the Via Appia.-4. Differtum nautis; this being the inland terminus of the canal communicating with the sea.- —Malignis, rascally see Sat. i. n. 29. 5. Hoc iter; from Rome to Forum Appii. Altius præcinctis Evo, Thucyd.; the higher the girdle the higher the robe, and the quick walking therefore easier. 6. Appia (Via) minus gr. tardis; either (generally) because all routes are less tiring when taken by short stages, at the inclination of the traveller; or (specially) because the Appia Via was so rough as to make fast travel : ling on it murderous work.-7. Ventri ind. bellum = I resolved to go supperless. 'Hodie in Foro Appii viatores propter aquam, quæ deterrima est, manere vitant.' Porph. This little town is close to the Portine marshes.-9. Exspectans, looking on, and waiting for.-10. Signa, the stars.-11. Pueri, our slaves. From the Forum Appii a canal led to the temple of Feronia, running along the Appian Way towards the south. On this canal they embarked in the evening (jam nox &c.), resuming the land-journey the next morning.-12. Huc appelle, put in here. Trecentos &c. The slaves (pueri) cry out in the name of their masters, against the crowds they are taking in. - 13. Es, the fare. Mula; the mule, that towed the barge. 15. Ut = dum.-16. Nauta, is the man who drove or rode the mule, the de facto steersman of the boat; Varro calls him nauticus equiso. Viator; one of the passengers, and not a casual foot-passenger. 18. The singer in the boat goes to sleep; the other passengers do the same; the muleteer tethers his mule where it can graze, and then goes to sleep himself.-21. Cerebrosus, a hot-headed fellow.-23. Quarta hora ten o'clock; counting from six o'clock in the morning.-24. Feronia, an ancient divinity of Latium, identified at a later period with Juno. There was a fountain near her temple, which was situated about three miles from Terracina, on the site of a tower, now called Torre Otto-faccia.-25. Pransi, after breakfast; at Feronia.-26. Anxur, the Volscian name of Terracina (Tarracina) was situated on a ridge of white rocks, at the mouth of the present Ofanto, between Circeï and Fondi. - 28. Lucius Cocceïus Nerva, Consul, A.U. 715, and brother of Marcus, the grandfather of the Emperor Nerva.-29. See INTR.-32. Ad unguem factus = a perfect gentleman. Translatio a marmorariis, qui juncturas marmorum tunc demum perfectas ducunt, si unguis superductus non offendatur. Unde jam, quæcunque perfectissima esse volumus significare, ad unguem facta dicimus.' Porph.-33. Constr.: Antonii amicus (ita) ut magis non alter (or nemo).-34. Fundos; now Fondi, 13 miles from Terracina. The family of the Aufidii came originally from Fundi; which was one of the towns called prefectures, as governed by a delegate (præfectus) of the Roman Prætor. But the Aufidius of the story had given himself the more dignified title of Prætor. Our travellers soon leave him, highly amused at the grand reception which, in all the vanity of official importance, he had intended to give them. Aufidio Lusco Prætore; burlesquing the mode of chronicling by the consul's names.-35. Præmia = the insignia of his assumed Prætorian dignity. Scribe; his real dignity being that of a public Notary, or State-clerk, of whom Corn. Nepos: Apud nos revera, sicut sunt, mercenarii scribæ existimantur.-36. Senators only were allowed to wear the laticlavium (or broad purple stripe upon the tunic). Magis ridiculum id etiam coram Mæcenate, qui angusto clavo contentus erat.' O. It is uncertain what Horace means by prunce batillum = a pan of lire-coal. It was probably a ridiculous imitation of the censers that were carried before the chief magistrates at Rome upon great occasions.-37. Mamurrarum urbs; Formiæ, now Mola di Gaeta, twelve miles from Fondi ; whence came PART II. N 45. the family of the Mamurræ, one of whom Catullus exposes for his extreme prodigality and profligacy.-38. L. Licinius Terentius Varro Murena, Mæcena's brother-in-law. Introd. to O. ii. 9; at Murena's house they slept, after dining with Fonteius.-40. Plotius Tucca, a judicious critic, and entrusted by Virgil, in conjunction with his friend Varius (see O. i. 6), with the publication of the Eneid after his death. Sinuessa; now Bagnoli, the last town of Latium on the Appian Way, and eighteen miles from Formiæ.-41. Animæ, quales &c. = animæ tales, qualibus &c. Candidiores, guileless, upright; opp to niger, Sat. iv. 1. 84.-44. Sanus, while in my senses. Campano ponti, now Ponte Ceppani, on the Savo (now Saona), which falls into the sea near Minturnæ (now Taverna).-46. Parochi (from Tapέxw, præbeo); persons appointed by the State to supply public officers on the road with the necessaries for their journey.-47. Tempore, in good time; ponunt deponunt.-49. Horace suffered from chronic opthalmia; Virgil from indigestion.-51. Constr.: Quae est super cauponas Caudi (overlooks them). Caudium was a little town of the Hirpini, well-known for the disastrous defeat of the Roman army near it, at the Furce Caudinæ.-51. Nunc mihi; here a keen encounter of tongues occurs between two of the travellers' suite, which Horace, after a mock invocation of the Epic Muse, proceeds to relate. Paucis (verbis).—52. Sarmentus was a favourite jester of the day, and, though now a freedman of Mæcenas, originally belonged to M. Favonius, who had perished in the civil wars.- -Cicirrhus, KiKippoç, the Cock, was Messius' nickname. 54. Messi cl. gen. Osci (nom. pl.) the Osci are the great race to whom M. belongs. The Osci were aborigines of Campania, and proverbial for their buffoonery and vices.-55. Sarmenti domina; i. e. Favonius' widow see n. 52.-56. Equi feri; some suppose the unicorn to be meant, a very probable conjecture.-58. Accipio, I understand. Caput et moret; as a unicorn rushing at him.-59. Ni frons foret exsecto cornu = ni fronti exsectum esset cornu.-62. 'Quasi a natura Campanis fere omnibus inest ut capitis temporibus magnæ verrucæ innascantur in modum cornuum; quas quum incidi faciunt, cicatrices in fronte manent In hunc ergo morbum, id est faciei vitium, quo Campani laborant, jocatur Sarmentus.' Schol. 63. Saltare, with acc. saltando representare.-64. Nil illi larva &c. = he was ugly enough, and monster enough without.-65. It was the custom upon giving up an office, trade, or profession, to dedicate the instruments &c. peculiar to it in a temple or chapel: thus slaves, when their freedom was given them, offered up a chain to the Lares. See O. iii. 23, INTR.-66. Scriba quod esset; though he had the honour now to write himself Scriba." "" See n. 35.-67. Det. nihilo nihilominus. 68. Fugisset, had run away.—71. Beneventum was in Samnium, twelve miles from Caudium.-72. Constr. : Pane arsit (nearly set himself [or his house] on fire) dum macros &c.74. Vulcano igne; a line imitated, probably, or quoted, from some Epic of the day.-75. Convivas &c. = masters and slaves in confusion, snatching up the dishes-putting out the fire.-77. Notos; being in Horace's own country.-78. Atabulus; a parching east wind, |