well as the young. You will find out this fact, as you go along, that the stories that are really entertaining to the little people are just as entertaining to the older people. It is not a children's affair, but for the youth not quite ready to enter the C. L. S. C., and thousands among the C. L. S. C. will take the Wide Awake, and also read up these stories. On the next page you see advertised a series of articles on "Ways to Do Things." The first paper will be entitled, "Knots, Hitches and Splices." It will give instructions on how to make knots and splices, and how to do all sorts of things boys want and should know how to do. The articles for girls will be prepared by Shirley Dare. On the next page is the announcement of a series of articles on adventures, entitled "Old Ocean." These articles will consist of twelve illustrated papers by Ernest Ingersoll. On the next page is announced "The Traveling Law School." Law will be brought down to the comprehension of the average American and the average child. On the, next page is the announcement of "Little Biographies." Under this head several illustrated series of biographies are in preparation-music, art, literature, science, affairs, &c. The musical biographies will be from the pleasant pen of Mr. Hezekiah Butterworth, and the first will be, "Jubal Cain, and the Hebrew Oratorios." Each paper will have an illustration, a portrait, and some famous "measure." Then comes another series of "Health and Strength Papers." Next we have miscellaneous papers on natural history, astronomy, chemistry, geology, botany, etc. Then comes "What to Do About It." Probably one of the most interesting and really helpful specialties in the reading course will be the page upon which the wise blackbird will do its best to answer all questions which the members of the C. Y. F. R. U. may ask it.

Now we shall have a day in which an hour or more shall be devoted to the inauguration of this movement, and young members of the C. L. S. C. can do a great deal wherever you go in the way of enlisting the young people in this course of reading. For when girls and boys begin to delight in the right kind of reading they are forever saved from the wrong kind. The C. L. S. C. begins with the older people, the youngest perhaps about eighteen or nineteenthere are some few younger than that-but we want something for the little people between 'ten and eighteen, and the people over eighteen who hardly feel qualified to enter upon the course of the C. L. S. C. I am not financially interested in this any more than I am in the C. L. S. C. It is a creature of Chautauqua, and it touches a more youthful class, just as our Theological School at Chautauqua will reach on up to a theological department for the ministry. There are many things about the Circle I would like to speak of that we will talk about later on, but this afternoon I want to ask Prof. Corning for fifteen minutes to give us an idea of what we might do in a local circle with this little text-book on art, that being the first book we have to take the coming year. First, I would like to know how many of the class of 1882 are present. [Hands raised.] By that I mean those who expect to complete the course, and say by the first of next August that they have read all the required reading, or a recognized and accepted equivalent. It will not do for us to lower the standard to help people over. That would make it uncomfortable for those who have done their work well. Those who are not able to say they have at that time must take the next year. To make the course so easy, and the graduation a matter of writing out a diploma, and no more, would be to annoy everybody who had done the work with any degree of faithfulness, and weaken our hold upon those in the future. So those only who expect to do the required reading, or accepted equivalents, of the four years by the first of next August, will constitute the class of 1882, and they will organize here, and begin to hold separate meetings, and "put on airs" as I prom

E

ised you a year ago. I will now introduce to you Prof. Corning.

PROF. CORNING. In order to speak intelligently and profitably to an audience like this, representing a systematically organized association, one should have been through the mill. I never went to a C. L. S. C. meeting but once before in my life, and I had not the slightest idea of their method of procedure. I was in pagan darkness then, and I am in pagan daylight now, so that I am sure anything I should say will be of such foggy, general, and unsatisfactory character as not to be very profitable. And if it is, you may attribute it to the fact that I am in the alphabetical department, and know next to nothing about the machinery of your work. I do not consider myself fit to tell local circles, or great circles, how to study art. I am willing to tell you how I studied it myself. I am willing to resolve this into an experience meeting, if you please, and I will do that. I went to Germany a good many years ago with a kind of general, hazy idea about art. When I was a pastor I used to lug into my sermons everything I could get hold of about paintings, and sculptures, and in looking over my old sermons to-day I find them full of mistakes. I find that I talked about Michael Angelo executing a Jupiter, for example, which he never did in the world. After I got to Germany I went to Dresden, and there I got the work called "Monuments of Art." There was a large edition, and then there was a popular edition. I got the cheap edition-I need not tell you why. There was more in that than I had ever seen before. We found our way from there to Stuttgart, and there we found Lübke. That was one reason I got my family to go there; Lübke was professor in the Polytechnic Art School there. I went to his lectures at once. When I went to the first lecture I did not understand one-quarter of what he said, so imperfect was my knowledge of the German language.. But I sat day after day and listened to him, and looked out the words in the dictionary I did not understand, and the winter had not passed until I understood three-fourths of what he said, and the next winter I understood all. It took me four or five years there. I asked Lübke one day if he would get one of his students to write down his lectures and I would pay him for it, and I would dig it out with the dictionary at home. He promised to do so, but he never did. I never could find a man that would report him. He was a most unreportable man. But I had not felt my way yet to the proper method of studying art. Finally, this idea came to me by chance: "Now, John Smith, the grocer, when he wants to find out how much Tom Jones owes him for butter, codfish, sugar, and everything else, goes to a book he has alphabetically arranged, and he can turn to the page and find out instantly. Is not knowledge of all kinds." I asked myself, "worth more than codfish? Is not a knowledge of art, which to me is glorious, and always has been glorious, worth more than any commodity of a grocery store? Why then do I not treasure up knowledge in that way?" I got me a book alphabetically arranged, so many pages for A, so many for B, so many for C, and so on. As fast as I could get any information about any art work under A, I would set it down there. For instance, take Apollo Belvedere; discovered so-and-so; place in such a period of Grecian art, etc. Under L I would have Laocoön; discovered under such and such circumstances; who was present; restored by so-and-so; arm was missing, etc.-all I could get about it. The thing begun, amplified. In the meantime I was hearing Lübke all the time, and the general idea of the great field of art was looming up. I saw the great outlines-I saw the outlines of the continents. Then I saw the continents divided into states, little by little, and then the states divided into counties and the counties into towns. In this way I spent ten years, and I recommend that method to every individual. It has done me great good. Keep a book.

if you can. Do it in a systematic way, so that if anybody asks you about any art subject you will be able to turn to the information at once. You will be astonished at how much information you will be able to get together in a few years on the subject of art. Then you will have the new booksthe books that are accessible in the English language, and all in the German and French if you can read them. If you cannot, you will find in almost every local circle somebody that can read German and French. Make it the duty of anybody in your circle who has been favored with a knowledge of German or a French book to tell you the contents of that when you come together. Another thing, there is no such thing as studying art without pictures. That is the fascinating quality of it. That is what would make it attractive to this nursery department the Doctor has been talking about. Show the child the picture of the transfiguration, the last work that Raphael ever painted, or show him the Apollo Belvedere, and the first question will be, "Who did this, and when was it done?" If you had not the picture he would feel no interest in it whatever. I wonder if it is not practicable for every local circle represented here to have possession of a little gallery of art reproductions? John P. Soule, Washington street, Boston, sells them at a dollar and a half a dozen, I think, fac simile copies of the paintings of the great masters. It seems to me every local circle might have a little collection of this kind. If not, let them have a little loan collection. Let the pictures owned by the members, or borrowed for the occasion, be brought to the meeting, and let it be the duty of each one to tell what he knows about them. I am not interested in Mr. Soule's sales, but I will say if anybody wants a catalogue he will send it, of a large number of reproductions of the masterpieces of art. I think the price is one dollar and fifty cents a dozen. If I had charge of a local circle, and we were to meet next week Monday, say, I would announce, "We will devote our attention to ancient art. Let every one who can bring a picture. If you can not get a photograph or engraving separately, bring the book that has got the picture in it." Get together as many pictures of ancient art as you can. Suppose you should then devote another day to Egyptian art. Then another day to Assyrian art. Let all bring all the pictures they can. There are many art treasures in the libraries. Those who live in New York can see the works of art that are in the Astor library. There are the great works that were issued under the auspices of Napoleon First, during his campaign in Egypt, where all the scholars of France followed on the trail of his conquering legions. They are glorious pictures. You can draw some of them by putting a piece of tissue paper over them. I have many pictures I got in this way. I got the loan of a work, and I had a young student put a piece of transfer tissue paper right over a picture, and draw it, and then put on the color through the lines, and paste it on a pasteboard, and I would have a treasure. I have some specimens I would not sell for ten dollars that I procured in this way that cost me about twenty-five cents. I have copies of Egyptian work that I copied line for line, and color for color, but I should have great difficulty in getting hold of them again. We need all these things little by little in local circles. Thus you can get wealthy in art collections.

MR. FOSTER: Where can we get the transfers of any of these copies of art works on the lantern slides?

PROF. CORNING: John P. Soule makes them. several I am going to exhibit to-night.

I have

The Rev. Henry Ward Beecher has retired from the editorship of The Christian Union. The Rev. Lyman Abbott, D. D., one of the counselors of the C. L. S. C. succeeds Mr. Beecher, and will in the future, as in the past few years, be the real editor of this valuable paper.

EDITOR'S OUTLOOK.

WE ARE sorry to disappoint our readers, but it is not within our power to furnish the story that has been promised in THE CHAUTAUQUAN, from the pen of Judge Tourgee, to be entitled "A Shorn Sampson." We made a contract for the story in good faith, offering a large sum of money for it. We advertised in good faith that it would appear. After telegraphing, writing, and finally visiting Judge Tourgee in Philadelphia, we find that it is absolutely impossible for him to prepare the story. That our readers may know the facts as they exist, we will quote from the contract we made with Judge Tourgee last August. He said:

"In reply to your proposition, I will say:

"(1) To furnish you a serial, to commence with the October number is absolutely impossible, consistently with my own health and numerous engagements.

(2) I will write you a serial to begin with your December number and be completed in eight numbers, the story to contain from 60,000 to 100,000 words, as the necessity of its plot may require. The manuscript to be in hand upon such day in each month as you may name."

This proposition we accepted in writing. The Judge, in the meantime, has been sorely afflicted, and, not being able to carry out his contract, has written the following communication for publication:

To the Readers of The Chautauquan:

Last August Mr. Flood solicited me to write a serial story for THE CHAUTAUQUAN. I frankly informed him that I was very full of literary engagements, having on hand a work that was promised in September, then nearly done, and another contracted for November of which the greater part was still to be written. After much hesitation his proposal was accepted, and I undertook the work. I had written so much under such untoward circumstances before, law books and fiction, year after year in quick succession that I had come to regard a book as just so many days and nights of steady application and perhaps not unnaturally somewhat underestimated the task I had undertaken.

Having selected a subject for THE CHAUTAUQUAN serial, I set myself at work to prepare to write upon it. It is my misfortune, perhaps, that I can not write without the most elabthoroughly imbued with my subject. The one I had selected orate preparation, I must know every detail and become proved more difficult to master than I had anticipated, but the difficulty only impelled me to greater exertion. The excitement attending our national bereavement told not a little on my power of application, but I still kept at work. So anxious was I not to disappoint the readers of THE CHAUTAUQUAN that I deferred one of my pre-existing engagements till next year, and cancelled the other entirely. At this point, the strain I had put upon a previously weakened vision began to tell. My physician said I must give my eyes a short rest, or they would take a long one without my leave. I borrowed other eyes to do my reading, and got a stenographer to write for me; but I found that while I could dictate a lecture or a treatise, I could not write a story by proxy. So it came about that when the first installment 11 copy was required, I had nothing at all satisfactory to myself, and I would not offer to you what did not meet my own approval. I asked the editor to wait a month or two, that I might rest my eyes, and increase the size of the monthly installments during the latter part of the season. This, he said, he could not do; he must have the parts for December and January, to avoid crowding the regular matter of his journal thereafter. I regret to think that any reader of THE CHAUTAUQUAN should be disappointed, but I feel that I have done all I could to serve you, and more than I ought to have done in justice to myself. To have missed an opportunity to address THE CHAUTAUQUAN readers is in itself a sore disappointment to one who appreciates as fully as I do the great underlying idea of which Chautauqua-great as it is-is only the first feeble offshoot. ALBION W. TOURGEE.

of

Yours sincerely,

Philadelphia, November 9, 1881.

The next best thing we could do, we have done, viz: T furnish a story from another author. "Lavengro" is the title, and George Borrow is the writer. He is scholarly and accomplished in all his utterances with the pen. "Lavengro is laid in the British Isles-it is a dream or a drama-a

world will derive from the organization of the C. L. S. C. is systematic study. Many members will drop out by the way, but others will be induced to persevere, and order will be brought out of irregularity and confusion. The influence of a few stable minds will control the wavering. The influence of association will be a perpetual inspiration to those who need it.

The establishment of system in the use of time is quite as important as order in the reading of books. To do this an effort must be made, but the task is not an impossible The achievement is within the reach of every one who shall make a suitable effort. Order in labor and system in the use of time are the first steps to success.

one.

THE LONG-CONTINUED agitation in Ireland, accompanied with riots and bloodshed, has given that unhappy country an unwonted notoriety, and has been the source of no little perplexity and trouble to the English government. The Irish are known all the world over as a mercurial people and have always been considered a difficult nation to govern, and since their subjugation under British rule have been notable for frequent attempts at rebellion and revolution.

These results, however, have not been due alone to the character of the Irish people. Every one who is acquainted with Irish history knows that Ireland has suffered many and grievous wrongs at the hands of England since it became a part of the British kingdom, which have alienated the Irish people from, and embittered their feelings toward their English rulers; and the civil commotions to which we have referred have been mainly the results of the oppression and misrule to which they have been subjected. Our space will only permit us to make this general statement without entering into details, but its correctness can easily be ascertained by consulting the historical records.

Since the passage of the Catholic Emancipation Bill in 1829, England's policy toward Ireland has undergone a radical change, and of late years has been conciliatory and liberal. Especially has this been the case during the time Gladstone has been at the head of English affairs. The great premier has shown himself to be a steadfast friend of the Irish people and has always manifested a deep interest in their welfare, and has given the weight of his influence and name to every reformatory measure proposed to ameliorate their condition. The disestablishment of the Irish Church, which took place during the former premiership, was a government measure, and was the means of ridding the Irish rate-payers of a heavy burden, and served to allay for a season the discontent of the Irish subjects.

The present difficulties have arisen from the system of land tenure which has prevailed in Ireland ever since its occupation by the English, and which has proven most oppressive and disastrous both to the Irish peasantry and to the laboring classes in general. The land bill, which during the last session of Parliament was brought forward by the administration, and by its influence was carried successfully through both houses and thus became a law, is designed to afford the Irish peasantry immediate relief from the oppressions to which they have been so long subjected by grasping and rapacious landlords, and thus free them from the miseries and misfortunes which have been the chief causes of the present difficulties.

It is evident that England is now desirous of treating her Irish subjects of all classes, with fairness and justice and the earnest efforts of the present administration to adjust the differences between the landholders and peasants, or cottiers, as they are called, should receive the support of all

parties. The prompt action of the government in carrying out this much needed reform and in seeking to repress the revolutionary measures of the Land Leaguers can not but meet with the approval of all law-abiding and right-minded people. It is well, however, for both parties to remember that no difficulty can be permanently settled except upon the basis of right and justice. Force may avail for a time, either to repress an outbreak or to quell a disturbance, but just and righteous measures can alone produce and preserve a stable equilibrium either in social ог civil

affairs.

IN THESE days when so much is being said and written concerning mental culture, there is great danger that the physical department of man's nature may be overlooked and the need of physical culture be ignored. While it is true that the mass of mankind fail to develop their intellectual powers as they should, and make but little attempt after menta! culture, it is equally true that a large majority of both laboring and professional men fail to give the attention they ought to physical culture, and as a consequence of the lack of intelligent care of the body, but few persons can be found who have arrived at middle life who are in a healthy or even comfortable physical condition. So universally is this the case that the question is frequently and seriously asked, “Is not the race degenerating physically?" The body is a machine formed for the use of the man who possesses it. Every one knows that a machine of any kind can only do the best quality of work when it is kept in the best possible condition. No matter how skillful the operator, if the machine is not kept in good order, the work wrought by means of it will be deficient both in quality and quantity. Hence the body can only do well the work assigned it when it is thoroughly cared for in all its departments, and thus kept in the best possible condition. Viewed from this standpoint it becomes at once apparent that physical culture is in direct relation to mental culture of the highest and best type, and only as the culture of mind and body are conjoined, does the individual attain to a complete and harmonious development of his whole nature.

The world has been slow to learn the truth of the old Latin adage sana mens in sano corpore. The proverb has been repeated, parrot-like, for ages, and yet the schools of learning, which have been making vigorous efforts to secure soundness of mind by mental culture, have almost entirely neglected to teach anything concerning the right care of the body, and until lately none of them had incorporated into their curriculum any studies pertaining to physiology or hygiene, and many of their students lived in constant violation of every commandment of the physical decalogue. Through lack of this many a promising student has dropped into an untimely grave or has been compelled, while yet the dew of youth was upon him, to retire permanently into the invalid

corps.

It is high time that men should learn that well-trained muscles and steady nerves and good digestive powers are as essential to continued success as well-trained intellectual faculties. When one is possessed of sinews of iron and thews of steel, and of healthy, vigorous, digestive organs, work of any kind, either mental or manual, becomes a pleasure and delight. There is no necessary antagonism between the highest mental culture and a healthy, vigorous, physical development. The typical scholar of the future will not possess a countenance "sicklied o'er by the pale cast of thought," nor will he be recognized by his "scholarly stoop," flaccid muscles and lack-lustre eye, but will doubtless have a well-developed body and will move with an erect form and brisk step, and the flush of health will be on his cheek and the fires of thought will burn brightly in his eye.