which he draws are familiar to every student of manners. 'PERSIUS hates the military cordially (comp. 5, 189–191) as the most perfect specimens of developed animalism, and consequently most antipathetic to a philosopher. See Nisard, Études sur les Poëtes Latins [1, 3o éd. 273–277; Martha, Moralistes Romains, p. 141]. HORACE merely glances at the education their sons received, as contrasted with that given him by his father, in spite of narrow means, Sat., 1, 6, 72. JUVENAL has an entire satire on them (16), in which he complains of their growing power and exclusive privileges, but without any personal jealousy' (Conington). PERSIUS is so bookish that I suspect Greek influence. Comp. Koμ¥òs στρατιώτης, οὐδ ̓ ἐὰν πλάττῃ θεός, | οὐδεὶς γένοιτ' ἄν, ΜENAND., fr. 711 (4, 277 Mein.). See Introd., xx.

77. de gente: G., 371, R. 5; A., 50, 2, e, R. 1. Gente, 'tribe,' 'crew.'-hircosa: Rammish' is not too strong, opposed to unguentatus in a fragment of SEN., ap. GELL., 12, 2, 11 (cited by Jahn). The unsavory soldier and the perfumed dandy are alike foes to the simplicity of the Stoic school. Your old soldier prided himself on his stench, as would appear from the dainty anecdote in PLUTARCH, Mor., 180 C: ὦ βασιλεῦ, θάρρει καὶ μὴ φοβοῦ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν πολεμίων, αὐτὸν γὰρ ἡμῶν τὸν γράσον οὐχ ὑπομενοῦσι.—centurionum: The rank is higher, but the intellectual level is that of the typical German Wachtmeister.

78. Quod sapio satis est mihi: Jahn (1868); Quod satis est sapio mihi, Jahn (1843), Herm. With the latter reading the words quod satis est satis must be taken together, and a little more stress is laid on mihi. The general sense is the same. Comp. PLATO, Phaedr., 242 C: ὥσπερ οἱ τὰ γράμματα φαῦλοι ὅσον ἐμαυτῷ μóvov ikavós, with a very different tone.-non ego: 'no-not I.' See 1, 45.-curo: 'care,' i. e., ' want.' See 2, 18.

79. Arcesilas: Arcesilaus, the founder of the New Academy, flourished about 300 B.C. His great advance on Socrates was his knowing that he did not even know that he knew nothing, CIC., Acad., 1, 12, 45. Solon flourished about 600 B.C. Our hircose friend is made to jumble his samples.-aerumnosi Solones: No. tice the contemptuous use of the Plural. ▾ Aerumnosus, kakodaíμwv, 'God-forsaken,' 'poor devil,' is a strange epithet for Solon, but we have to do with an ignoramus and a jolter-head.

80. obstipo capite: 'with stooped head,' 'bent forward,' kɛkvPÓTεç. HOR., Sat., 2, 5, 92: Davus sis comicus atque | stes capite obstipo, multum similis metuenti. Comp. the description of Ulysses in Il., 3, 217 foll.-figentes lumine terram: Jahn quotes a parallel from STAT., Silv., 5, 1, 140. More common forms are figere lumina terra, in humo, in terram. 'They bore the ground with their eyes,' look at it as if they would look through it.' Casaubon comp. PLAT., Alcib. II., 138 A. Add LUCIAN, Vit. Auct., 7; ARISTAENET., 1, 15.

81. murmura: Imitated by Auson., Id., 17, 24: murmure concluso rabiosa silentia rodunt.-rabiosa: 'Mad dogs do not bark.' -silentia: Poetic Plural; very common.―rodunt: 'biting the lips and grinding the teeth.' 'Whether murmura and silentia are Accusatives of the object, or cognates, is not clear' (Conington). Chewing the cud of mumbled words and mad-dog silence' is very much in the vein of PERSIUS. Comp. rarus sermo illis et magna libido tacendi, Juv., 2, 14.

82. exporrecto trutinantur: The lips are thrust out (a sign of deep thought) and quiver like a balance; hence they are said 'to poise their words upon the quivering balance of a thrust-out lip'-a caricature of the simple figure ponderare verba. Jahn compares Luc., Hermot., 1, 1: kaì và xɛíλŋ die o áλε veç ýρéμa ὑποτονθορύζων ; and Casaubon, ARISTAEN., 2, 3: ἠρέμα τὼ χείλη κινεῖ καὶ ἄττα δήπου πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ψιθυρίζει.

83. aegroti veteris: The aegri somnia of HOR., A. P., 7. As usual, PERSIUS exaggerates, and makes the sick man (aegroti) a dotard to boot (veteris). Jahn understands, 'a confirmed invalid.' Comp. Juv., 9, 16: aegri veteris quem tempore longo | torret quarta dies, etc.-gigni | de nihilo nihilum: The cardinal doctrine of Epicurus (LUCR., 1, 150), but not confined to him.

85. hoc est quod palles: G., 331, R. 2; A., 52, 1, b. Comp. 1, 124. The Cognate Accusative is susceptible of a great variety of translations. 'Is this the stuff that you get pale on?' (Pretor). 'Is this what makes you pale ?'-prandeat: The prandium, originally a military meal, was dear to the military stomach. Comp. impransi correptus voce magistri, HOR., Sat., 2, 3, 257.

86. his: Abl. Conington makes it a Dative, and cites an evident Abl. to prove it, VERG., Aen., 4, 128. Jahn comp. HOR.,

Sat., 2, 8, 83: ridetur fictis rerum.-multum: with torosa, according to Jahn.

87. Conington notices the grandiloquence of the line. 'Cloth of frize' is often 'matched' with 'cloth of gold' in PERSIUS.— naso crispante: 'curling nostrils.' The mob laughs, the soldiers snicker. The listening rabble is frankly amused. The crew to which the centurion belongs sneer too much to laugh out. Or perhaps the poet makes the distinction between the general ridere (yeλãv) and the mocking laughter of cachinnare (kayxálεıv).

88-106. It is strange, as Pretor observes, that the sudden change introduced by this line should not have been noticed by the commentators. With a more mature artist there would be a suspicion of dislocation. As it is, the unity of the Satire would gain by omitting 66-87. PERSIUS composed slowly, and we find here as elsewhere traces of piecemeal work.

The preacher takes up his parable. A man feels sick, consults a physician, lies by; is more comfortable, takes a fancy to a bath and a draught of wine. He meets a friend, perhaps his medical friend, on the way. 'My dear fellow, you are pale as a ghost.''Pshaw!''Look out! You are yellow as saffron, and bless me! if you are not swelling.'-' Pale? Why, you are paler than I am. Don't come the guardian over me. My guardian has been dead

a year and a day.'—' Go ahead, I'm mum.'-He goes ahead, stuffs himself, takes his bath. While he is drinking a chill strikes him, and he is a dead man. No expense spared on the funeral. 'You can't mean that for me,' says a literalist. 'If I'm sick, you are another. I have no fever, no ague.' Nay, but you are subject to the worst of diseases--to the fever of covetousness, the fever of lust, to daintiness with its sore mouth, to fear with its cold chill, and, worse than all, to the raging delirium of anger. 88. inspice: Tíoкε↓αι, a medical term. Comp. PLAUT., Pers., 2, 5, 15.-nescio quid: G., 469, R. 2; A., 67, 2, e. Quid is the Accusative of the Inner Object. 'I have a strange fluttering at my heart.-aegris: out of order.' As aegris is emphatic, coordinate in English. There is 'something wrong about my throat and-'

6

89. exsuperat: Neuter. Comp. exsuperant flammae, VERG., Aen., 2, 759.—gravis: 'foul.' So Ov., A. A., 3, 277: gravis oris

odor.-sodes: The original form is commonly supposed to be si audes (saudes), PLAUT., Trin., 2, 1, 18; from audeo (comp. avidus), 'if you have the heart,' 'an thou wilt,' A., 35, 2, a. Others put sodes under SA (pron.), as akin to sodalis, and comp. eos, 'own dear friend,' 'mon cher.' See Vaniček, Lat. Etym. Wb., S.

165. Sodes socius is an old tradition.

=

90. requiescere: 'keep quiet.'-postquam vidit: with a causal shade. See 5, 88; 6, 10, and G., 567; A., 62, 2, e.

91. tertia nox: The patient thinks that he has the more common semitertian, whereas he has the quartan. When the third . night comes without a chill, he fancies that he is safe.

92. de maiore domo: The 'great house' is clearly that of a rich friend, rather than that of a large dealer. Casaubon compares Juv., 5, 32: cardiaco numquam cyathum missurus amico.modice sitiente lagoena: Thirst and capacity are near akin; a flagon of moderate thirst is a flagon 'of moderate swallow,' as Conington renders it. The personification of the flagon is old and not uncominon. See the humorous epigram, ANTHOL. PAL.,

5, 135.

93. lenia Surrentina: Lenia is either 'mild' or 'mellow.' The Surrentine was a light wine often recommended to invalids, PLIN., H. N., 14, 6, 8; 23, 1, 20.—loturo: He asks before bathing; he drinks after bathing. For the custom Jahn compares SEN., Ep., 122, 6.-rogabit: So Jahn (1868) and Hermann. Jahn (1843) reads rogavit, like the Greek Aorist in descriptions. The Future makes it more distinctly a supposed case.

94. videas: rather optative than imperative in its tone.

95. surgit: 'is swelling,' 'getting bloated.'-tacite: 'insensibly' (Conington).-pellis: 'hide.' Comp. Juv., 10, 192: deformem pro cute pellem.

96. At tu deterius: Le trait est comique. Ce serait de la gaieté, si Perse savait rire, Nisard.—ne sis mihi tutor, etc.: Proverbial. So HOR., Sat., 2, 3, 88: ne sis patruus mihi.

97. iam pridem sepeli: Comp. Omnes composui. Felices! Nunc ego resto, HoR., Sat., 1, 9, 28. Sepeli for sepelii (sepelivi), a rare contraction. — turgidus hic epulis: HOR., Ep., 1, 6, 61: crudi tumidique lavemur, and comp. Juv., 1, 142 seqq: paena tamen praesens, cum tu deponis amictus | turgidus et crudum pavonem in

balnea portas | hinc subitae mortes atque intestata senectus.—hic: 'our man.'-albo ventre: Turgidus epulis is one feature, albo ventre another. Ventre does not depend on turgidus. The color (Evróç) is a sign of weakness and sickness. The swollen belly makes a ghastly show.-lavatur: 'takes his bath.' Comp. G., 209; A., 39, c, N.

99. sulpureas mefites: Mefitis is originally the vapor from sulphur-water; hence the propriety of the epithet sulpureas.

100. calidum triental: The wine was heated to bring out the sweat. Bibere et sudare vita cardiaci est, SEN., Ep., 15, 3.—triental : restored by Jahn (1843) for trientem, to which he returned in 1868. Triens is the measure, sextarius, triental would be the vessel. Comp. with this passage LUCIL., 28, 39–40 (L. M.): ad cui? quem febris una atque una àñɛ↓ía | vini inquam cyathus unus potuit tollere.

101. crepuere: Vivid Aorist, not a simple return to the narrative form. Comp. 5, 187. For the Greek, which PERSIUS imitates, see Kühner, Ausf. Gramm. (2te Ausg.), 2, 138.-retecti: He shows his teeth when he chatters.

102. uncta: Remember the large use of oil in Italian cookery. -cadunt=vomuntur, but there is a certain helplessness in cadunt. -pulmentaria: originally oor, 'relish,' afterward 'dainties.' See the Dictionaries.

103. hinc: 'hereupon.'--tuba: Trumpets announced the death, and trumpets were sounded at the funeral. See HOR., Sat., 1, 6, 42.—candelae = cerei, ' wax lights,' supposed by Jahn and others to have been used chiefly when the death was sudden, on the basis of SEN., Tranq., 11, 7.—tandem: 'After all the preliminary performances' (Macleane).-beatulus: pakapirne. Jahn cites AMM. MARCELL., 25, 3: quem cum beatum fuisse Sallustius respondisset praefectus, intellexit occisum. The dear departed' (Conington).

'Our sainted friend.'-alto: A mark of a first-class funeral. 104. conpositus: 'laid out.' 'By foreign hands thy decent limbs composed,' POPE. — crassis lutatus amomis: Every word is contemptuous: 'bedaubed with lots of coarse ointments.' The Plural amoma indicates the cheap display. With crassis, comp. HOR., A. P., 375: crassum unguentum; with amomis, Juv., 4, 108: amomo | quantum vix redolent duo funera.