lebore, but especially the latter. The town for its product, after the pattern of HOR., Sat., 2, 3, 83; A. P., 300 (Jahn). The Plural is the familiar poetic exaggerative. -meracas: 'undiluted,' 'without a drop of water.' HOR., Ep., 2, 2, 137: expulit helleboro morbum bilemque meraco. On the use of hellebore as a preparative for philosophy, comp. the well-known experience of Chrysippus : οὐ θέμις γενέσθαι σοφόν, ἢν μὴ τρὶς ἐφεξῆς τοῦ ἐλλεβόρου πίης, LUCIAN, Vit. Auct., 23 (1, 564 R.).—melior sorbere = qui melius sorberes (comp. quo graves Persae melius perirent, HOR., Od., 1, 2, 22). 17. summa boni= summum bonum.—uncta patella: 'rich dishes.' Comp. 3, 102. The reference to a sacrificial dish (3, 26) is less likely. As the character of Alcibiades is not kept up with any care by PERSIUS, it is hardly worth while to note that he was a most sensitive gourmet, as is shown by the curious anecdote, TELES ap. STOB., Flor., 5, 67.-vixisse: The Perfect with intention. G., 275, 1; A., 58, 11, e. 'To have the satisfaction of having lived on the daintiest fare,' so that you may say when you come to die, vixi dum vixi bene. Comp. SEN., Ep., 23, 10: Id agendum est ut satis vixerimus.

18. curata cuticula sole: with reference to the apricatio or insolatio. Comp. Juv., 11, 203: nostra bibat vernum contracta cuticula solem. What was a matter of hygiene became a matter of luxury. The sun-cure has been revived of late years. Curare cuticulam, cutem, pelliculam is commonly used of 'good living' generally, 'taking very good care of one's dear little self.' See HOR., Ep., 1, 2, 29. 4, 15; Sat., 2, 5, 38; Juv., 2, 105.-haec: dƐɩKTɩKõç.—i nunc: 'Irridentis vel exprobrantis formula,' Jahn, who gives an overwhelming list of examples (comp. HoR., Ep., 1, 6, 17; 2, 2,76). The usage requires it to be connected with suffla. 'Go on, then, and blow as you have been blowing.' Suffla in this sense is quite as 'low' as our Americanism. PERSIUS has the aristocrat's contempt for superfine language, and by a natural reaction falls, not unfrequently, into slang. Jahn compares 5, 13 and 3, 27, and the Greek proverbial expression pvoa yàp ov σμikpoĩσiv avλíokоiç πi. Add MENAND., fr. 296 (4, 157 Mein.): oio λαλοῦμεν ὄντες οἱ τρισάθλιοι | ἅπαντες οἱ φυσῶντες ἐφ ̓ ἑαυτοῖς péya. 'Mouth it out' (Conington), 'spout it out' (Macleane).

20. Dinomaches: The mother of Alcibiades came of the great

house of the Alcmaeonidae, and it was to her that he owed his connection with Pericles. The Gen. without filius (G., 360, R. 3; A., 50, 1, b) is rare in the predicate.-candidus = pulcher. Comp. 3, 110. The beauty of Alcibiades is well known, PLAt., 1. c. p. 104 A.-esto: ɛɛv; an ironical concession.

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21. dum ne: Comp. G., 575; A., 61, 3. Final sentences are often elliptical (comp. note on 1, 4). Only you must admit that,' etc.; 'dum ne neges deterius sapere.'—pannucia: Here not 'ragged,' but 'shrivelled.' Comp. MART., 11, 46, 3. — Baucis: The name is copied from the Baucis of OVID, Met., 8, 640, the wife of Philemon, the Joan of the antique Darby; a poor woman, who had a patch of vegetables. The anicula quae agreste holus vendebat, in PETRON., 6, is a similar figure.

22. bene: with discincto, according to Jahn, who compares bene mirae, 1, 111. Mr. Pretor says that if thus combined, 'bene is weak and adds nothing to the picture.' He forgets that there is such a thing as being male discinctus. Comp. HoR., Sat., 1, 2, 132: discincta tunica fugiendum est ac pede nudo. If bene is combined with cantaverit, it must be used in its mercantile sense with vendere, cantare being equivalent to cantando vendere. 'When she has cried off her herbs at a good figure.'-discincto vernae: Verna, of itself a synonym for all that is saucy and pert, is heightened by discinctus, for which see 3, 31. — ocima: 'basil,' 'watercress,' or what not, stands for ‘greens' generally.' Jahn thinks that it was an aphrodisiac, referring to EUBUL., fr. 53 (3, 229 Mein.). PERSIUS, as we have seen, delights in picturesque detail, and his comparisons must not be pressed. Alcibiades cries his wares, just as the herb-seller cries hers. So the 'applewoman' or 'orange-girl' in modern times might be selected as the standard of a rising politician, hawking his wares from hustings to hustings, from stump to stump. The far-fetched interpretation that ocima cantare=convicia ingerere, because, as PLINY tells us (19, 7), 'basil is to be sown with curses,' may be mentioned as a specimen of the way in which the text of our author has been smothered by learning.

23-41. The satire becomes more general. No one tries to know his own faults; each has his eyes fixed on his neighbor's short-comings. Take some rich skinflint, and, as soon as he is

mentioned, the details of his meanness will be spread before us. And yet you are as great a sinner in a different direction. Comp. Μ. ΑΝΤΟΝ., 7, 71: γελοῖόν ἐστι τὴν μὲν ἰδίαν κακίαν μὴ φεύγειν ὃ καὶ δυνατόν ἐστι, τὴν δὲ τῶν ἄλλων φεύγειν ὅπερ ἀδύνατον.

23. Ut: how.-in sese descendere: 'go down into his own heart.' The thought is simply noscere se ipsum. The heart is a depth, a well, a cellar, a sea. This is not the recede in te ipsum quantum potes of SEN., Ep., 7, 8. Comp. M. ANTON., 4, 3. Still less is it Mr. Pretor's 'enter the lists against yourself,' which would make 'self' at once the arena and the antagonist.

24. spectatur: The positive (quisque) must be supplied from the preceding negative. Comp. G., 446, R.; M., 462 b.-mantica: According to the familiar fable of Aesop (PHAEDR., 4, 10), each man carries two wallets. The one which holds his own faults is carried on his back; the other, which contains his neighbor's, hangs down over his breast. Comp. CATULL., 22, 21: sed non videmus manticae quod in tergo est. PERSIUS reduces the two wallets to one. Each man's knapsack of faults is open to the inspection of all save himself.

25. quaesieris: G., 250; A., 60, 2, b; poir' av TIs. PERSIUS gets away from Socrates and Alcibiades into a land of shadowy second persons. One of these is supposed to ask another whether he knows a certain estate. The casual question leads to a caustic characteristic of the owner, which is interrupted by another indefinite character, who quotes an ignotus aliquis, and the general impression at the close is that every body is violently preached at except the son of Dinomache, with whom we started. -Vettidi: With the characteristic of Vettidius, comp. HORACE'S Avidienus (cui canis cognomen, Sat., 2, 2, 55), and the ȧvɛλɛú≈εpos and the purpoλóyos of THEOPHRASTUS.

26. Curibus: in the land of the Sabines, the land of frugal habits. Comp. 6, 1.—miluus errat: So Jahn (1868). Miluus is trisyllabic, as in HOR., Epod., 16, 31. Hermann, oberrat; Jahn (1843), oberret. The expression is proverbial: quantum milvi volant, PETRON., 37. Comp. Juv., 9, 55.

27. dis iratis genioque sinistro: Comp. HOR., Sat., 2, 3, 8: iratis natus paries dis atque poetis. A substantive expression of quality without a common noun is rare in Latin as in English (M.,

287, Obs. 3), but not limited in time. See Dräger, Histor. Syntax, § 226. 'The aversion of the gods and at war with his genius,' his second self,' who 'delights in good living,' quia genius laute vivendo gaudere putabatur (Jahn).

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4:

28. quandoque quandocumque, as HoR., Od., 4, 1, 17. 2, 34.pertusa pervia, according to Jahn; roads and thoroughfares' (Conington); calcata, trita, Heinr., which seems more natural. -compita: 'The compitalia is meant. Comp. Cato, R. R., 5, Rem divinam nisi compitalibus in compito [vilicus] ne faciat. It was one of the feriae conceptivae, held in honor of the Lares compitales on or about the 2d of January. It is said to have been instituted by Servius Tullius, and restored by Augustus (SUET., Aug., 31), and was observed with feasting. Comp. CATO, R. R., 5, 7, and uncta compitalia. ANTHOL. LAT., 2, 246, 27 B. n. 105, 27 M.' So Pretor, after Jahn. With com-pit-a comp. Greek TáT-оs, path.-figit: The suspension of the yoke symbolizes the suspension of labor. The yoke stands for the plough as well,

TIBULL., 2, 1, 5.

29. metuens deradere: See 1, 47. Comp. HoR., Sat., 2, 4, 80: metuentis reddere soldum.-limum: 'the dirt' on the jar. Comp. sive gravis veteri craterae limus adhaesit, HOR., Sat., 2, 4, 80. The Scholiast understands the seal.'

30. hoc bene sit: The formula in drinking a health. Comp. PLAUT., Pers., 5, 1, 20. Here used also as a kind of grace.— tunicatum caeере: πоλúλожоν крóμμνоv (Casaubon). Tunicatum caepe, 'bulbous or coated onion,' as opposed to the sectile porrum, or 'chives' (Pretor). It may be going too far to exclude epitheta ornantia from PERSIUS, but he certainly uses them sparingly. Tunicatum is commonly understood to mean 'skin and all,' as we say of a potato, ‘jacket and all.' Comp. Juv., 14, 153: tunicam mihi malo lupini. But as the skin of an onion is not very 'filling,' and as tunica may be used in the sense of 'coat' or 'layer,' the slight change to tunicatim—‘layer by layer'—has suggested itself to me. It is not a whit more exaggerated than JUVENAL'S filaque sectivi numerata includere porri (14, 133).

31. farrata olla: 'porridge pot of spelt,' an every-day meal with others, holiday fare with these unfortunates, hence plaudentibus. The Abl. of Cause. Farratam ollam (Jahn [1843] and

Hermann) may be defended by STAT., Silv., 5, 3, 140 (cited by Jahn): fratrem plausere Therapnae, but there is danger of the miser's eating it.

32. pannosam: 'mothery.' Every word tells. It is not wine, but vinegar; it is not even good vinegar, but vinegar that is getting flat; it is not even clear vinegar, but the lees of vinegar; and not even honest lees, but mothery lees.—morientis: 'Dying vinegar' is not so familiar to us as 'dead wines.' Comp. MART., 1,18,8.-aceti: Comp. faece rubentis aceti, MART., 11, 56, 7.

33. Picture of a sensualist.-figas in cute solem: ɛiλŋ&ɛpɛiv, 'fix the sun in your skin,' 'let the sun's rays pierce your skin,’ instead of bibere, combibere solem, Juv., 11, 203 (quoted above, v. 18), and MART., 10, 12, 7; or the more prosaic sole uti, MART., 1, 77, 4.

34. cubito tangat: an immemorial familiarity. Examples range from HOMER, Od., 14, 485 to ARISTAEN., 1, 19, 27. PERSIUS has in mind HOR., Sat., 2, 5, 42: nonne vides (aliquis cubito stantem prope tangens) inquiet, etc.

35. acre | despuat: 'empty acrid spittle,' sc. on you. Others read in mores with Jahn (1843). Jahn (1868) reads with Hermann, Hi mores. Of course it is impossible to analyze this spittle, which flows to the end of v. 41. See the Introduction to the Satire. 'Persium,' as QUINTILIAN says of HORACE, in quibusdam nolim interpretari (1, 8, 6). This is one of the passages that called down on our author the rebuke of that verecund gentleman Pierre Bayle: Les Satires de Perse sont dévergondées.

42-52. Such is life. We hit and are hit in turn. We disguise our faults—our vulnera vitae—even from ourselves, and appeal to that common jade, common fame, for a certificate of health. But temptation reveals the corruption within. You are guilty of avarice, lust, swindling, and the praises of the mob are of no moment. Be yourself. Examine yourself, and know how scantily furnished you are.

42. caedimus, etc.: HOR., Ep., 2, 2, 97: caedimur et totidem plagis consumimus hostem (Casaubon). The resemblance here, as often elsewhere, is merely verbal, as in HORACE 'the passage of arms is a passage of compliments' (Conington).-praebemus: 'expose,''present.'