39 (Jahn). As the captives were actually Gauls, Casaubon understands gausapa of the common Gallic costume.

47. Caesonia: the mistress, and, after the birth of a daughter and the divorce of Lollia, the wife of Caligula, SUET., Cal., 25.— ingentis Rhenos: Jahn understands statues or pictures of the Rhine, to be carried in procession, referring to the Jordan on the Arch of Titus, and citing Ov., A. A., 1, 223 seqq., for the Euphrates and Tigris. Conington adds VERG., Georg., 3, 28, for the Nile, and considers the Plural Rhenos sarcastic. The more common interpretation regards Rhenos as Rhenanos. SUET., 1. c. 47, mentions expressly the fact that Caligula picked out the tallest men he could find (procerissimum quemque) for the pro

cession.

48. genioque ducis: On genio, see 2, 3. The genius of the Emperor was publicly worshipped, Ov., Fast., 5, 145. Caligula punished those who did not swear by his genius, SUET., Cal., 27. Ducis is sarcastic. 'So Juv., 4, 145; 7, 21, cails Domitian dux, with reference to a similar exploit, a sham triumph with manufactured slaves' (Conington, after Jahn).-centum paria: Comp. HOR., Sat., 2, 3, 85: ni sic fecissent gladiatorum dare centum | damnati populo paria atque epulum. The number is absurd for any ordinary fortune, and the extravagance of the threat destroys the dramatic effect on the heir.

49. induco: The familiar Present for the Future. Induco, verbum harenae (Casaubon).—aude: We should say, 'I dare you' (Conington).

50. oleum: Largesses of oil by Caesar and Nero are recorded by SUET., Caes., 38, Nero, 12 (Jahn). — artocreas: ȧρтóкρɛαç= visceratio, 'bread-meat' for 'bread-and-meat.' Outside of the numerals, such copulative compounds (dvandva in Sanskrit) are rare, and chiefly late. Comp. suovetaurilia, vvxIýμɛpov, the famous word of seventy-nine syllables in AR., Eccl., 1169, and Mod. Gr. ávdpóyvvov, 'man-and-wife.' Some consider artocreas a kind of meat-pasty.-popello: 4, 15.

51, 52. dic clare: It were very much to be wished that he had. The context seems to require, on the one hand, a motive for the silence of the heir; on the other, a motive for declining the inheritance. The interpretation of non adeo-—iuxta est depends on

the meaning of exossatus, which is sometimes rendered 'exhausted,' 'impoverished,' 'worn out,' as if 'boneless' and 'marrowless' were the same thing here; sometimes, and with far more probability, 'cleared of stones.' A poetic allusion to the 'bones of Mother Earth,' Ov., Met., 1, 393 seqq. (Schol.), would be out of place, and the common culinary sense of exossatus, ' boned,' is in keeping with the homely character of PERSIUS's tropes. Adeo is sometimes considered a Verb, in the sense of adire hereditatem; sometimes an Adverb, and connected now with prohibeo (from prohibes), now with exossatus; and, finally, some give exossatus-est to the heir, others to PERSIUS. I subjoin the chief distributions and interpretations:

(1.) Non adeo, inquis. Exossatus ager iuxta est.

Jahn (1843). (Do you mean to hinder me? Out with it.) 'Not exactly,' you say. Here is a worn-out field hard by. If you won't have it, another will.

(2.) 'Non adeo,' inquis? Exossatus ager iuxta est (Conington). You won't accept the inheritance, you say? Here is a field, now, cleared for ploughing.

(3.) 'Non adeo,' inquis, ‘exossatus ager iuxta est,' Jahn (1868), which may be rendered, 'I am sure that your land here is not in such very good order' (that you can afford such extravagance). Good order or not, I can find some one to take it off my hands, etc.

(4.) Hermann bases his interpretation on the Schol., and un-
derstands non adeo exossatus ager to be a field that is not
wholly cleared of stones, to which the heir points as a co-
gent argument against his making a difficulty. He is
afraid of a stoning from the people, as above he was afraid
of doing any thing to disoblige the Emperor (Lect. Pers.,
II., 64).

(5.) Teuffel agrees with Hermann's interpretation of exossa-
tus, but separates non adeo, 'Not exactly.' See (1.). 'There
is a field hard by from which the stones have [just] been
dug up,' where they are lying in convenient heaps.
(6.) Heinrich takes adeo to be the Verb, exossatus as 'impover-
ished,' and iuxta = påene.'

(7.) Non adeo, inquis. Exossatus ager iuxta est is rendered by

Mr. Pretor, 'I can't quite forbid it; but let me suggest to you that your land is impoverished.'

(8.) König understands the heir to say: 'I will not accept. I have a well-tilled piece of land of my own hard by.'

I am not ashamed to acknowledge that the only point about which I am convinced is the impossibility of making exossatus mean 'impoverished.'

53. amitis: Amita is the aunt by the father's side. See note on 2, 31. PERSIUS left his property to his mother and sister, and all this string of suppositions is in keeping with the impersonal character of his heir. Teuffel notices the utter jumble of legal relations.-proneptis patrui: 'female cousin twice removed.'

54. sterilis vixit: has lived barren' means 'has died childless, without issue.'

55. nihilum: 'neither chick nor child.'-Bovillas: Bovillae lay between Rome and Aricia, and was the first stage on the Appian road, hence called 'suburban' by Ov., Fast., 3, 667 (Jahn). PERSIUS had an estate in the neighborhood.

56. clivum ad Virbi: MARTIAL's clivus Aricinus (2, 19, 3; 12, 32, 10), a noted station for beggars. Juv., 4, 17: dignus Aricinos qui mendicaret ad axes. Virbius was identified with Hippolytus, and worshipped as the hero of Aricia.-Manius: a typical beggar's name. There was a proverb: multi Mani Ariciae, FEST., S. v., with the explanation, multos claros viros ibi fuisse. The 'Arician aristocracy' must have become a term of contempt by the time of PERSIUS (πάλαι ποτ ̓ ἦσαν ἄλκιμοι Μιλήσιοι).

57. progenies terrae: is the indignant remonstrance of the heir, progenies terrae being=the more familiar terrae filius, CIC., Att., 1, 13, 4 al.; our 'groundling' can answer only as a play on the word. quartus pater abavus, 'great-great-grandfather.'

58. haud prompte, dicam tamen: μóλic μév, ¿šɛpã d''öμwc (Conington); póλic μév, åXX oùv ¿žεp. Comp. [DEM.] 58, 26.—adde etiam unum=atavum, ' one step further back.'

59. unum etiam

tritavum.

60. ritu | generis: 'by regular descent' (Conington). Jahn connects generis with avunculus.-maior avunculus: avii aut aviae

avunculus est (Jahn), 'great-great-uncle.' PERSIUS qualifies this statement by prope, ' something like,' but he has not only got the degree wrong, but has passed over to the mother's side. The thought of this frigidiuscula ratio, as Jahn calls it, does not need illustration. Still, comp. Juv., 4, 99: unde fit ut malim fraterculus esse gigantum.—exit = evadit, 1, 45; 5, 130.

61-74. PERSIUS: 'You are getting impatient. Why not wait for your turn? I am Fortune. Wait until I drop my purse into your hand, and then be satisfied with what I have left in it. Tadius bequeathed me some money. I know he did. What is that to you? None of your fatherly advice about looking after my balance at the banker's. What do I care about "balance?" I will eat a good dinner, and not starve myself for your spoilt grand

son's sake.'

61. qui prior es: In this form of the λaμradnpopía 'the course was marked out in stations, at each of which a new set of runners stood ready to take up the race, and so long as the torch remained alight, and the conditions of the race were thus fulfilled, it could not exchange hands except at particular stations' (Pretor, after Jahn). Here the man in advance is represented as trying to get the torch out of PERSIUS's hands before he has reached the station, while PERSIUS is yet running (in decursu), which Jahn properly emphasizes. The interpretation is much disputed.— poscis implies impatience.

62. Mercurius: See note on 2, 11.

63. pingitur: 'Epμñs kεpdm̃os, 'with money-bag in hand.' Comp. Ar., Ach., 991, 992: πῶς ἂν ἐμὲ καὶ σέ τις Ερως ξυναγάγοι λαβών, | ὥσπερ ὁ γεγραμμένος, ἔχων στέφανον ἀνθέμων.—vin tu gaudere relictis: Gaudere here almost=ȧyaπãv, 'be thankful for whatever I shall leave you.' According to the ordinary rules of grammar, vis would be the rhetorical, vin the genuine form of the question (G., 455), but ne can not be pinned down by strict rules, as has been remarked. See note on 1, 22.

64. dest aliquid summae: an anticipated objection.

may be an objection of the heir, or PERSIUS often reminds us of Mrs. Caudle.-minui mihi: It was mine, and I diminished it to suit myself. It was mine to lessen; what is left will be all your own to keep.

65. fuge quaerere=noli quaerere, as in HOR., Dd., 1, 9, 13.

66. neu: 3, 51.-repone: 'dish up again;' the paterna dicta may be considered a crambe repetita. Comp. QUINT., 2, 4, 29: cum eadem iudiciis pluribus dicunt, fastidium movent velut frigidi et repositi cibi. PERSIUS is nothing if not culinary. Jahn (1868) reads oppone, which is clearer but tamer. Paterna d. is simply 'the talk one hears from fathers,' severe old gentlemen on the stage.

67. faenoris-reliquum est: clearly a specimen of fatherly counsel. Every Polonius has something to say to his Laertes on this subject (Hamlet, 1, 3). PERSIUS'S Polonius advises his son to keep an account, enter (accedat = apponatur, see note on 2, 2) his interest on the credit side, charge his expenses to the debit side, and find the remainder-in other words, to live carefully within the income of his property. Before the old gentleman gets through, PERSIUS repeats his last word mockingly: 'Remainder? Hang the remainder.' This is also Conington's view, who compares the commercial arithmetic lesson in HOR., A. P., 327 seqq.-merces: HOR. uses merces alone in the same sense as faenoris merces here, Sat., 1, 2, 14. 3, 88.-hinc: from the capital, or from the interest, or from both. I am inclined to refer hinc to the side of the account.

69. ungue caules-festa luce: See note on v. 19.

70. urtica: Comp. HOR., Ep., 1, 12, 7: abstemius herbis | vivis et urtica; and Sat., 2, 2, 117: holus fumosae cum pede pernae (Jahn).—sinciput: 'pig's cheek.' The swine was the common sacrifice and the common dish.-aure: Fissa aure seems to be nothing more than a picturesque detail. The pig's head was hung up in the smoke by a slit in its ear.

71. tuus iste nepos: Mr. Pretor sees a trace of incompleteness in the mention of tuus iste nepos, 'whose existence has never before been hinted at.' The nepos is hauled up out of the inane like the quisquis heir himself.-anseris extis: Comp. Juv., 5, 114 anseris ante ipsum magni iecur.

73. patriciae: implies great expense. This coarse combination of sensual pleasures is an argument in favor of the old-fashioned interpretation of Callirocn, 1, 134.-trama: Fr. trame, 'woof.' Such terms are apt to stick. Others translate falsely 'warp.'