MISCELLANEOUS.

FOREIGN.

FRANCE.

M. Dupuytren's Bequest.-We mentioned in a previous Number the noble bequest to society at large, which will render Dupuytren's name for ever dear to his fellow countrymen; and we are glad to observe, from a report of the Minister of Public Instruction to the King, that a speedy effect has been given to this bequest. It may be useful in more points than one to lay the whole of the report before the reader. "Paris, the 20th July, 1835. The system of instruction, in the medical faculty of Paris, though improved by the creation of various professorships successively, is not however in many respects on a level with the state of actual knowledge. For instance, the study of Anatomy, which is the foundation of all surgical science, requires very important extension; and the decree which I have the honour of soliciting at your Majesty's hands is for the purpose of introducing an improvement of this description into the medical faculty of Paris. The more enlightened have long felt the inadequacy of a system of instruction, the sole object of which was the study of the organs in their normal state. The several variations in colour, volume, texture, &c. which these organs assume in consequence of the diseases which attack them, that which in fact constitutes pathological anatomy, is not taught in a special manner in this faculty. M. Dupuytren, struck with the importance of this omission and alive to the necessity of remedying it, was anxious, in his dying hours, to render this last service to that science, on which he has conferred, and from which he has himself derived, so much light and reputation by a testamentary appropriation, he has bequeathed to the medical faculty of Paris a sum of two hundred thousand francs (about 8000l.) with the view of establishing a professorship of thological anatomy, and your Majesty has sanctioned the acceptance of this bequest by a decree of the 5th instant. I now propose to your Majesty to carry this intention into effect, by instituting the special chair of pathological anatomy in the medical faculty of Paris which M. Dupuytren desired, and for which he has founded an endowment. This is the express purpose of the decree which I have the honour of laying before your Majesty. I am," &c. signed "Guizot." (The decree bears date the 20th July, 1835, and simply authorises the establishment of the chair in question.)

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Infant Schools or Asylums.-There are nineteen of these asylums open in Paris; others have been established in Lyons, Rouen, Nîmes, Strasburg, Amiens, &c.; and measures are taking to extend them to towns of the second and third classes.

Diffusion of Education.-In the early part of the year 1831, the number of pupils in the department of the Seine and Oise' did not exceed 31,855; at the present moment it amounts to 43,943. Instead of 671 schools, the department now contains 860. Two hundred and fifty-six districts (communes) have built, repaired, or purchased houses for schools, and 20,406l. (510,177 francs) have been expended for the purpose. There are 120 pupils in the Normal School at Versailles. Sound systems of instruction have been universally adopted, and in most parts the plan of simultaneous instruction has superseded the old methods. The allowances to district masters and teachers amount to 19,400l. (485,000 francs.) We have this year had 138 classes of adults for evening tuition, and 4103 such adults have received instruction. The number of asylums for infants does not yet exceed 13; the numbers attending them are 1036; but the benefit of these establishments is universally appreciated, and they will shortly become more numerous. These details apply exclusively to the department of the Seine and Oise.)

CORNEILLE.-The King has placed a sum of 2000 francs (80%.) at the disposal of the French Academy, for the purpose of its being distributed among the poor descendants of this illustrious tragic poet.

Education in Arrear.-For the whole department of the Finisterre the number of pupils attending the Primary Schools (écoles primaires) is in the proportion of fifteen to every 100 children, or, in other words, about one child in every seven. The proportion of boys to girls attending the schools is twenty-two to eight. During the summer months the whole number of pupils falls off one third.

Journals.—The number of public journals published in France is said to be 258, which gives an average of three to each of the eightysix departments. Three of these departments, the Upper' and the 'Lower Alps' and the Eastern Pyrenees,' as well as 192 Communes, possess on local journal. Deducting from the whole number 105 which are exclusively devoted to local intelligence, proceedings at law, literary matters, &c., the number of purely political journals is reduced to 153. The following departments, next to that of the Seine, have the largest proportion of public prints:-The Lower Seine,' capital Rouen, sixteen; the North,' capital Lille, 15: the Pas de Calais,' capital Arras, nine; the Mouths of the Rhone,' capital Marseilles, seven; the Calvados,' capital Caën, seven; the Lower Loire,' capital Nantes, six; the Gironde,'

capital Bordeaux, five; and the Rhone,' capital Lyons, five. The attempts made to establish provincial reviews in Normandy have failed.

HOLLAND.

The total number of students attending the three universities of Leyden, Utrecht, and Groningen, was in 1832, 1568; and in 1833, 1622. Leyden was better attended than the others in both years. The number of pupils attending the several Gymnasia in the kingdom was 1295 in 1832 and 1225 in 1833. The number of parochial schools open in 1833 was 2872.

BELGIUM.

BRUSSELS.-The school for indigent males in this town is already attended by 207 individuals, among whom there are fourteen above forty-five years of age, and two above fifty-five; in this way a grandfather, father, and grandson come to receive the benefit of instruction on the same bench. Nothing had before been done for the female poor; a school has now, however, been opened for them and is attended by upwards of 100 of that class.

The town-council have unanimously resolved to appropriate an annual sum of 1200l. (30,000 francs) in support of the free university just established in this place.

SWITZERLAND.

Scholastic Evenings.-These very useful meetings are spreading through the canton of Bern, and there are no less than twenty districts in that canton which have adopted them. The young men assemble every evening, and employ themselves in studying the geography and history of their native country, under the guidance of well-informed individuals. In proportion as the pupil advances in knowledge the sphere of his studies is enlarged. In some places, such as Sanen, Arch, Leuzigen, and Neuville, singing, arithmetic, and grammar are taught. In others, the elements of natural history and experimental philosophy form an addition to the preceding branches.

BASLE.-The university, under its new organisation, will have four professorships of medicine, nine of philosophy, three of divinity, and two of law. The cost of its maintenance will be about 2300l., of which the government will bear three-fourths; the remaining fourth will be provided for out of the funds of the university itself.

ZÜRICH.-An addition of 3000 Swiss francs (about 1871.) has been made by the great council to the yearly grant in support of the university in this town. The total amount of the salaries paid to the professors is 1375l. (22,000 Swiss francs); namely, for those in the faculty of Theology, 2507.; in that of Political Economy and Administrative Science, 320l.; in that of Medicine, 450l.; and in that

of Philosophy, 3551. The number of students from the town population, as compared with those from the rural districts, is in the proportion of one to two.

The Press. Great activity has manifested itself of late years in this department. Between the years 1817 and 1830 the number of printing presses in Switzerland increased from fifty-four to seventy-one, and that of periodical journals from sixteen to twentynine; between the years 1830 and 1834, the presses had further increased from seventy-one to ninety-three, and the journals from twenty-nine to fifty-four. The only cantons which possessed no journals of any kind in 1830 were Uri, Unterwalden, and the Valais; and at that time Unterwalden was without a single press.

AUSTRIA.

The Emperor's Technical Collections.—These valuable collections are the private property of the present sovereign, who has spent the last sixteen years in forming them. They consist of three distinct divisions: the collection of natural productions,' amounting to about 3500 specimens; the collection of manufactured articles,' about 40,000 in number; and the models,' containing about 150 specimens of machines of all kinds, got up with great care and elegance. They have all been removed from the Emperor's former residence to the apartments which he now occupies.

GALICIA. A statistical survey of this part of the Austrian dominions, drawn up by M. Galinski and dedicated to the Archduke Ferdinand, governor of Galicia, was published at Lemberg, in January last. According to this statement, Galicia contains an area of 32,950 square miles, on which there are ninety-five towns, seventyfive distinct suburbs, 194 market towns, and 6054 villages; the total number of houses is 659,406, and of inhabitants 4,376,744; of these 247,196 are Jews. The principal towns are Lemberg, 48,731 souls; Brody, 16,623; Tarnopol, 11,744; Prcemysl, 7818; Yaroslaf, 7026; and Wielicza, 6246. The Sclavonian inhabitants of Galicia are composed of three separate races: the Pole, who occupies the tract between the north-western parts of Austrian Silesia and the river San, and goes by the name of Göral in the mountainous regions, and of Mazur in the low country: of this race the numbers are 1,800,000; farther eastward are the Rusniaks or Russines, who inhabit what was formerly called Red Russia, and are likewise about 1,800,000 in number; and the Wallachians or Walaks, who live in the ancient Buckowine, and amount to about 150,000 souls.

HUNGARY.-The principal journals which circulate in this country are German; no periodical paper is published in the Sclavonian language, although the majority of the inhabitants, a decided minority, however, with regard to intelligence, are Sclavonians. There are

three papers in the Magyàr tongue, but the best of the three has never had above 700 subscribers.

THE TYROL.-No branch of public duty could be more neglected in this part of the Austrian dominions than that of education about seventy years ago; but the exertions made by the provincial administration and the clergy ever since the year 1767 have produced a far better state of things. There is no parish at present without a national school, similar in organization to those that have been established in other provinces: these schools are composed of 735 rural and 59 girls' schools, besides a model-school at Innsbruck; 6 head schools of districts at Schwatz, Brixen, Botzen, Trent, Noveredo, and Bregenz; and 4 head schools at Hall, Lintz, Meran, and Feldkirch. Of the higher description of schools, called Gymnasia, there are 8; namely, at Innsbruck, Botzen, Brixen, Feldkirch, Hall, Meran, Roveredo, and Trent; and the number of pupils attending them is between 1200 and 1300. There is an establishment for philosophical studies, and an ecclesiastical seminary, at Trent; a school for theological studies and an episcopal seminary at Brixen; and a university, instituted by Leopold I., in 1672, but 'dissolved subsequently, and restored in 1825, at Innsbruck. This university possesses ample means, both in libraries and scientific collections.

PRUSSIA.

The last moments of the late Rev. Dr. Schleiermacher.-During the whole of his last illness (which terminated fatally in February, 1834) his mind remained clear, his manner was calm and collected, and his submissiveness to every arrangement most punctilious; not a word of complaint or murmur escaped his lips; he bore himself with patience, and was friendly to all and at all moments, though an air of seriousness and of deep thoughtfulness was constantly spread over his features. One day, waking out of a slumber induced by opium, he called his beloved wife to his side, and observed, I am in a state which wavers between consciousness and insensibility, but internally I experience inexpressible ecstasy.; my mind is occupied with the deepest speculations, mingled however with religious feelings of the most glowing fervour.' His last days and hours, indeed, were illumined with the holiest of religious influences: even his dreams were the reflection of his Christian bearing through life. How delightful a dream have I had!' he one day exclaimed, and it has left an unusually beneficent impression behind it. I thought that I was in a large circle, filled with acquaintances and strangers; they were all intent upon me; they all desired to hear me converse on religious things; it was as if I was giving them a lecture; and I was so delighted to give it !' His thoughts were replete with love towards his children and friends; and the nearer his end approached, the more did the fervency of his affection display itself; it was the in-dwelling breath