the heat which is external to the body in summer: the body neither relishing an external absence of heat (cold), which deprives it too rapidly of caloric by conducting away its own, nor an external presence of heat, which is so great as to equal, or by ever so little to exceed, the temperature of its own blood-that heat being oppressive to people in general which approaches blood heat. Woollen garments fulfil the greatest number of these desiderata for the body's self-defence. They do not chill the body; though they may become moist, they retain air in their interstices, and do not condense moisture.

44. Waterproof dresses have called forth considerable attention latterly, from the elaborate eulogies of various interested patentees, and the frequently trumpedup authentications as to their impervious qualities. We do not mean to deny that these may be more or less what they profess, but we do assert that a great oversight has occurred on the part of both patentees, experimenters, and the public, regarding the point, or points rather, to be kept in view. It is just because these articles, as Indian rubber, oil-silk, chemically-prepared cloth, &c. are rendered impermeable, that they are, on this very account, injurious in their use, to the health of the body. We must explain this, by going on to state, that the impermeability to external wet is not all that is required in a dress, but also a transpirability of insensible perspiration from within that requires to be kept in view-both which conditions it will probably never be practicable to accomplish thoroughly, as the article must acquire the nature of a (safety) valve, permitting escape of vapour from within-refusing the entrance of water from without. If any one has possession of such an inestimable coat, let him enjoy it; until he does get

it, let him take our word for it, that mere waterproof garments are prejudicial, for any length of wear; they may do for a short time, as during a passing shower, but not for a long walk in a settled rain. The perspiration freely generated, under strong exercise, though in an insensible form in its nascent state, is retained by the waterproof clothing, and being thereupon condensed, not only actually communicates a chill to the body, from the water so condensed inside the waterproof,* but moreover presents a source of danger to the constitution, from the fact of this condensed perspiration being a real and energetic virus, the poisonous nature of which, in developing the worst types of fever, has long been known to the medical profession. It is so subtle an agent that, although refractory as yet to the ́tests of the chemist, it is so active as to be detected in the short space of a few hours by our nervous system— whose precursory monitions of alarm at the self-born foe most readers may have had more or less occasion to observe, in their own personal experience of headache, languor, faintness, &c. after wearing a close-fastened waterproof coat or cloak; compared with the evil results of which, a simple good wetting, from the penetrating rain, would be an evil almost to be dignified with the name of good! We have, after all, digressed perhaps a little; but it may be of service to give this explanation for those readers who have not access to other medical discussions of the subject. The remark has a general bearing on the question of dress, and the reader can apply it in many ways if he will take the trouble. It is for this very reason, viz. on account of

* A fact which accounts for the interior of the India-rubber coats being moist after being worn some time, and which are therefore supposed to leak, but improperly.

retained perspiration, that under garments especially should be changed frequently, and washed, even if in a few days they may not appear sullied at all.

45. Further, it is for the convenient arrangement of the pockets that the shooting-jacket style is so good, for in these wallet-like recesses you can stow away what is sufficient for two or three days' tour, without needing such a thing as a knapsack. In the half-dozen pockets, too, you can so dispose symmetrically around you all your travelling chattels, as to carry them at the least expenditure of strength; and, therefore, more agreeably than when dangling about in the folds of a longskirted coat; though we do not find fault with the long tail of a frock-coat in other respects, provided your journey's length, &c. require the introduction of a wallet upon your shoulders. Another shirt, a pair or two of stockings or socks, a small case of "morning exercises," as the condensed toilet-case has been facetiously labelled, a pair of light shoes for a change at the resting-place, and an extra handkerchief or so, will generally be sufficient. A silk night-cap is no bad addition to this slender stock of usefuls, for those, especially, who are fond of lying down to take their siesta on the inviting fresh grass, under the shade of some, perhaps, "farspreading beech," when the hat can never completely be retained on the head. It forms a protection against catching cold in the head; and further, by pulling it over the ears, it will prevent insects from getting into them; for, although in the generality of cases the drum of the ear is a perfect barrier, securing the internal ear from foreign bodies, yet this is not the case in every instance, the ear having, in a certain proportion of cases, been attacked by inflammation, causing more or less destruction of its membranous drum, in which case small insects might have an opportunity of gratifying

their prying curiosity to thread the mazy labyrinth of your ear: or, in any case, they might lodge themselves in the outward tube of the ear, much to your annoyance, though it might be unattended with further consequences.

46. If you have a great liking for ease, you will not have your coat made with any fashionable tightness, but quite loose, particularly in the arms. By having it to button very easy in ordinary, it just fastens up comfortably when the pockets are stowed away. The button loop is a good plan when the coat fits tight: the loose coat does not cut so soon in the arm-holes, and it keeps the skirts down in walking, whilst it allows of ventilation.

47. The waistcoat may well be made double-breasted, or at least so as to button up tight across the chest and up to the neck, for rough weather, independent of the in fine weather it can be buttoned or thrown

coat back. 48. The cravat may be taken off with comparative impunity whilst in the act of walking, but it should be readjusted on stopping. The latest style of it almost renders this caution needless. But owing to this simple rule being disregarded, many have had to thank themselves for sore throats, which unpleasant companions might have been kept at a respectful distance by a little exercise of common reflection.

49. With regard to pantaloons, &c. Colonel Shaw says:-"Have two pair of trousers, of dark gambaroon. As it is of consequence to walk cool, if possible march without drawers, but be sure to put them on at the end of the journey; one pair is enough: they can be washed and dried whilst you are in bed."

"The best gaiters to wear are those used by the French when shooting. They are made of the strongest,

softest leather, with straps to tighten them if necessary. They should be as high as the knee, and buckled over the trousers, so that, however dirty the roads may be, on throwing them off, you find your trousers quite clean and dry."

50. The best shirts are those made of calico or long cloth, as it is called-linen being now discarded, partly on account of the economy of the former, but chiefly because, after exercise has heated the body, the linen strikes cold to its surface; but recently flannel-shirts have been much substituted for the calico, worn next the skin and alone, thereby excluding over-weight of clothing, and yet securing protection sufficient, along with refreshing ventilation. We have adopted this plan, and much prefer it to the compound clothing. Captain Galton says"The importance of flannel next the skin can hardly be overrated; it is now a matter of statistics; for during the progress of expeditions, notes have been made of the number of names of those in them who had. provided themselves with flannel, and of those who had not. The list of sick and dead always included names from the latter list in a very great proportion."

51. Caps are much worn by pedestrians, and some find them lighter and more suitable than hats, in several respects; but Col. Shaw gives a good reason why hats are preferable, viz. because you can carry things in the hollow of a hat. By all means avoid a waterproofed cap. Waterproof hats, as they are called, do ventilate, or you may perforate them with pin-holes for this purpose, or even larger openings. The brim is now often rendered easier by padding, yet with air passages, structurally disposed-obviously a great comfort in wear. Hats are cooler, because of not setting so close to the head, especially unstiffened felt or beaver.