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made a Roman citizen by Pompey, and took his name, which descended to the Grosphus of the ode as son or grandson. In Epist. i. 12, Horace commends him to Iccius, then acting as superintendent or steward to Vipsanius Agrippa's estates in Sicily, as one whom Iccius might willingly oblige, for he would never ask anything not honest and just.

CARM. XVI.

Otium divos rogat in patenti
Prensus Ægæo, simul atra nubes
Condidit Lunam, neque certa fulgent
Sidera nautis ;

Otium bello furiosa Thrace,
Otium Medi pharetra decori,

Grosphe, non gemmis neque purpura ve-
nale neque auro.

Non enim gazæ neque consularis
Summovet lictor miseros tumultus
Mentis, et Curas laqueata circum
Tecta 2 volantes.

Vivitur parvo bene, cui paternum
Splendet in mensa tenui salinum : 3
Nec leves somnos timor aut cupido
Sordidus aufert.

Quid brevi fortes jaculamur ævo
Multa? Quid terras alio calentes

Horace here, as elsewhere, distinguishes .the comparative poverty of a small independence from absolute neediness and squalor. The poverty

he praises is not without its own modest refinements. The board may be simple, but still it can display the old family salt-cellar, kept with religious care. If the owner has not increased the paternal fortune, he has not diminished it.

Why crave new suns? What exile from his country
Flies himself also?

Diseased Care1 ascends the brazen galley,
And rides amidst the armed men to the battle,2
Fleeter than stag, and fleeter than, when driving
Rain-clouds, the east wind.

The mind, which now is glad, should hate to carry
Its care beyond the Present; what is bitter

With easy smile should sweeten: nought was ever
Happy on all sides.

Untimely death snatched off renowned Achilles ;
Tithonus lived to dwindle into shadow;

And haply what the Hour to thee shall grant not
Me it will proffer.3

Around thine home a hundred flocks are bleating,
Low the Sicilian heifers, neighs the courser
Trained to the race-car; woofs in Afric purple
Twice-tinged array thee:

4

To me the Fate, that cannot err, hath given
Some roods of land, some breathings, lowly murmured,
Of Grecian Muse, and power to scorn the malice

Of the mean vulgar.

1. Vitiosa cura.' In the translation, Orelli's interpretation of 'vitiosa,' 'morbosa '-i.e. morbid or diseased, from the vice of the mind whence it springs—is adopted. But this hardly gives the full force of the word. Horace means that Care, which spoils or infects every thing, ascends the galley, &c.

2 Turmas equitum.'

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This properly refers to the horsemen riding to battle made anxious by the hope of booty or the fear of death.' -ORELLI. With "turmas equitum" is usually compared "post equitem sedet atra cura," but the sense there is a little different. Here he speaks of care following a man to the field of battle; there he refers to the rich man ambling on his horse.'-MACLEANE.

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I think, with Orelli, that this simply means, Fortune, or the Hour,

Sole mutamus? Patriæ quis exsul
Se quoque fugit ?

Scandit æratas vitiosa naves

Cura, nec turmas equitum relinquit,2
Ocior cervis, et agente nimbos
Ocior Euro.

Lætus in præsens animus quod ultra est
Oderit curare, et amara lento
Temperet risu; nihil est ab omni
Parte beatum.

Abstulit clarum cita mors Achillem,
Longa Tithonum minuit senectus,
Et mihi forsan, tibi quod negarit,
Porriget Hora.3

Te greges centum Siculæque circum
Mugiunt vaccæ, tibi tollit hinnitum
Apta quadrigis equa, te bis Afro
Murice tinctæ

Vestiunt lanæ : mihi parva rura, et
Spiritum Graiæ tenuem Camenæ

4

Parca non mendax dedit, et malignum
Spernere volgus.

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will perhaps give something of good to me which she denies to you; and I dissent altogether from the usual interpretation-viz., Time may perhaps give me a longer life than it concedes to you.' That interpretation would be very little in keeping with Horace's general politeness in addressing a friend. Nothing can well be worse-bred than telling a man that perhaps you will live longer than he will. Besides, Horace immediately proceeds to define that which is granted peculiarly to himself in opposition to the riches bestowed upon Grosphus.

''Parca non mendax'-'sure,' 'unfailing in the fulfilment of their decrees.' Compare 'veraces,' C. Sæcul. 25, and Persius, v. 42, 'Parca tenax veri.'-So ORELLI. 'Genius is represented as the gift of Fate in Pind. Od. ix. 26, 28; also in Nem. iv. 41-43, where the poet infers from it his own eventual triumph over detraction; as Horace may be said to do here.'-YONGE.

ODE XVII.

TO MECENAS.

This ode is addressed to Mæcenas in illness, but the date of the illness is necessarily uncertain in the life of a valetudinarian like Mæcenas. Though, as Macleane observes, the last two lines of this ode, showing that Horace had not yet paid the sacrifice he had vowed to Faunus for his preservation from death, make it most probable that it was written not long after C. 13 of this book, the composition of which has been assigned, with some hesitation, to A. U. C. 728. Mæcenas was subject to what appears to have been a low nervous fever, attended with loss of sleep. According to the verses attributed to him, and censured with a stoic's lofty disdain by Seneca (Epp. 101), Mæcenas had a passionate and clinging desire for life, very uncommon in a Roman, deeming that, under any suffering or infirmity, life was still dear

'Vita

Why destroyest thou me with the groan of thy sufferings? Neither I nor the gods will let thee die before me,

O Maecenas, the glory and grace,

And the column itself, of my life.

Ah! if some fatal force, prematurely bereaving,
Wrenched from me the one half of my soul, could the other
Linger on, with its dearer part lost,

And the fragment of what was a whole ?

No! in thy life is mine; both, the same day shall shatter.
I have made no false vow; where thou lead'st me I follow;
Fellow-travellers, the same solemn road

We will take, we will take, side by side.

Vita dum superest bene est :
Hanc mihi vel acuta

Si sedeam cruce sustine.'1

If this sentiment was sincerely expressed, the pathos of the poem is increased. A man so dreading death may well desire a companion in the last journey. And it is not un likely that the melancholy view which Horace habitually takes of the next world, and his exhortations to make the best of this one, may have been coloured, perhaps insensibly to himself, by his conversations and intercourse with Mæcenas.

CARM. XVII.

Cur me querelis exanimas tuis ?
Nec dis amicum est nec mihi te prius
Obire, Mecenas, mearum

Grande decus columenque rerum.
Ah! te meæ si partem animæ rapit
Maturior vis, quid moror altera,
Nec carus æque nec superstes
Integer? Ille dies utramque
Ducet ruinam. Non ego perfidum
Dixi sacramentum: ibimus, ibimus,
Utcunque præcedes, supremum
Carpere iter comites parati.

1 The fragment is thus very happily rendered into English by Mr. Farrar in the biographical essay on Seneca, which forms the larger portion of his impressive and eloquent work, The Seekers after God' :— 'Numb my hands with palsy,

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Rack my feet with gout,
Hunch my back and shoulder,
Let my teeth fall out;

Still, if life be granted,
I prefer the loss-
Save my life and give me
Anguish on the cross.'

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