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BOOK IV. Chapter 11.

a Sc. doli.

▸ Cf. §§ 192, 205.

© Gai. iv. 9; C. 4, 5, 4.

d C §§ 128,

194, 201.

praestat, hoc beneficio aetatis consequuntur minores.-1. 42 eod.'

Paul. Cum a te pecuniam peterem eoque nomine iudicium acceptum est, falso mihi persuasisti, tamquam eam pecuniam servo meo aut procuratori solvisses, eoque modo consecutus est, ut consentiente me absolvereris: . . . ex integro agere possum et si obiiciatur exceptio rei iudicatae replicatione iure uti potero.-D. 4, 3, 25.

§ 206. PROCESSUAL PENALTIES.

To malicious and rash, as well as in general unfounded proceedings, pecuniary damages and forensic penalties are attached in certain cases for the part subject thereto (poenae temere litigantium). To these belong the following.

(1) The cases of so-called 'lis crescens' ('lis infitiando crescit in duplum') in which condemnation for twice the amount falls upon the defendant subject thereto.

(2) The sponsio et restipulatio poenalis.'d

Gai. iv. § 171: Ex quibusdam causis sponsionem facere permittitur, veluti de pecunia certa credita et pecunia constituta; sed certae quidem creditae pecuniae tertiae partis, constitutae vero pecuniae partis dimidiae.3

(3) Apart from the previous cases, each party can

That which is assured to persons of full age by the bringing of an appeal, minors obtain by virtue of favour shown to their age.

2 When I sued you for the money, and the action was accepted in that behalf, you falsely led me to think as though you had paid this money to my slave or procurator, and in this way managed that, with my consent, you were acquitted. . . . I can bring a fresh action, and if the plea of res iudicata be set up against me, I shall have the law on my side in employing the replication (i.e., of fraud).

3 In some cases one is allowed to make a wager, as for example, in an action upon the loan of a sum certain, and for

require from the other the iusiurandum calumniae'

BOOK IV.

which operates as a moral means of deterring from Chapter II. unjustified proceedings.

Ibid. § 172: Quodsi neque sponsionis neque dupli actionis periculum ei cum quo agitur iniungatur, ac ne statim quidem ab initio pluris quam simpli sit actio, permittit praetor iusiurandum exigere non calumniae causa infitias ire': unde quamvis heredes . . . item feminae pupillique exinantur periculo sponsionis, iubet tamen eos iurare.'

Paul. Qui familiae erciscundae et communi dividundo et finium regundorum agunt, et actores sunt et rei: et ideo iurare debent, non calumniae causa litem intendere'et 'non calumniae causa infitias ire.'-D. 10, 2, 44, 4.2

(4) The calumniae iudicium concurs with the last-mentioned for the defendant at his option.

Gai. iv. § 175: Calumniae iudicium adversus omnes actiones locum habet et est decimae partis (rei; sed) adversus adsertorem tertiae partis est.— § 178: Calumniae iudicio nemo damnatur nisi. qui intelligit non recte se agere, sed vexandi adversarii gratia actionem instituit.3

an agreed amount; but in the case of an ascertained loan the wager is allowed for a third part, in that of an agreed amount it is for a half.

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1 But if the risk neither of a wager nor of an action for double the amount is laid upon the defendant, and if the action, to begin with, is not for more than the simple sum demanded, the Praetor allows an oath to be required that he is not denying the claim vexatiously.' Hence, although heirs, . . . and again, women and wards are exempted from the risk of a wager, the Praetor orders them to take the oath.

2 Persons that bring the actions for partition of an inheritance, for division of joint property, and for the settlement of boundaries are both plaintiffs and defendants; and, accordingly, must swear that 'they do not bring the action for a vexatious claim,' and 'that they will not make denial vexatiously.'

The action for vexatious litigation is employed in opposi tion to all actions, and is for a tenth part of (the thing; but)

BOOK IV.

Chapter II.

(5) Likewise, with the previous means of defence a contrarium iudicium' is in certain actions given to the successful defendant at his option.

Ib. §§ 177-8: Contrarium autem iudicium ex certis causis constituitur, veluti si iniuriarum agatur, et, . . . decimae partis datur.-§ Contrario iudicio omnimodo damnatur actor, si causam non tenuerit, licet aliqua opinione inductus crediderit se recte agere.1

against an adsertor libertatis it is for the third part.—§ No one is condemned in the action for vexatious litigation unless he knows that his proceedings are wrongful, but has brought the action with the view of annoying his opponent.

1 Now the cross-action is established for certain cases (alone); thus, for that of the action for injury, and . . . is granted for the tenth part.-§ For a cross-action the plaintiff is always condemned, if he has been unsuccessful in his proceedings, even though he was led by some notion to believe that he was right in bringing his action.

INDEX TO THE LATIN PASSAGES.

(The figures enclosed in brackets denote the number of the page.)

I. JURISTIC SOURCES.

A. JUSTINIANEAN SOURCES.

(a) INSTITUTIONES.

I. 1. de I. et I. pr., §§ 1, 3 (3–4).
2. de iure nat. § 2 (11, 161); SS
3,9 (5); § 11 (6); § 12 (25).
3. de iure pers. § 2 (167); 84
(173,179); § 5 (168).

4. de ingen. pr. (165); § 1 (166).

6. qui quib. ex caus. pr., § 3
(188).

7. de 1. Fufia Caninia (189).

9. de patr. pot. § I (222).

10. de nupt. pr. (222); §§ 1, 2
(226); $$ 3, 4 (227); § 8
(228); 10 (169); § 13
(256).
11. de adopt. § 2 (266); § 3 (263);
§ 4 (258); § 7 (259); § 8
(259); $$ 9, 10 (258).

12. qu. mod. i. pot. § 3 (268); § 4
(270); §§ 6, 9 (274).
13. de tutel. § 5 (307).

14. qui dari tut. pr., § 1 (301);
§ 3 (306); 84 (300).

16. de cap. min. § 2 (197); § 4
(168); §6 (283).

17. de legit. patron. (299, 308).
19. de fiduc. tut. (309).

20. de Atil. tut. §§ 3, 4 (313).
21. de auct. tut. § 3 (312).

22. qu. mod. tut. fin. pr. (293); §
4 (315).

23. de curat. pr. (295); § 1 (324) ;
§ 2 (300, 326).

24. de satisd. tut. pr. (314); § I
(763); § 2 (767).

25. de excus. tut. pr. (299); § 13

I. 26.

II. 1.

INSTITUTIONES.

(302); § 16 (303); § 17
(300).

de susp. tut. pr., §§ 1, 3, 6
(316).

de rer. divis. pr. (335); § 1
(336); §2 (337); §§ 3, 8
(336); § 10 (16); § 18 (391);
§ 19 (407); § 25 (412); § 26
(402); §§ 27, 28 (405); § 34
(403); $ 36 (410); § 39
(397); $ 40 (341, 388): § 41
(599); § 47 (393); § 48 (395).
3. de servit. § 1 (452); § 3 (449) ;
§ 4 (466).

4. de usufr. § 1 (460) ; § 2 (343) ;
§ 3 (467 bis).

5. de usu. § 2 (457); § 5 (458).
6. de usucap. pr. (386); § 13
(377).

7. de donat. pr., §§ 1, 2 (642); $
3(747).

8. quib. alien. pr. (734).

9. p. qu. pers. adqu. § 1 (757).
10. de test. ord. § 3 (796); §6
(785); $$ 10, 11 (796); §
14 (797).

11. de mil. test. pr. (799); § 6
(756).

12. qu. n. e. perm. pr. (756); § 5
(785).

13. de exhered. § 6 (843); § 7 (844).
14. de her. iust. pr. (802); SS

4, 5, 9 (805).

16. de pup. subst. § 5 (811).
17. qu. mod. test. infirm. § 7 (817).

INSTITUTIONES.

II. 18. de inoff. §§ 2, 3, 6 (853-4).
19. de her. qual. § 4 (786); § 7
(861).

20. de legat. § 3 (901); § 10
(918); § 12 (919); §§ 13, 14
(890); § 18 (347); § 21
(800); § 24 (888); § 36
(889).

22. de 1. Falc. § 3 (908).

23. de fideic. her. § 1 (896); § 7
(928); § 12 (897).

25. de codicill. pr., § 1 (899).
III. I. de her. q. ab int. pr. (817);
§7 (818).

2. de leg. adgn. succ. § 6 (818);
$8 (825)

3. de SC. Tertull. §§ 4, 7 (834).
4. de SC. Orphit. § 3 (834).
7. de succ. libert. § 3 (849).
9. de bon. poss. pr., § 1 (773); §
2 (773, 775); § 3 (775).

10. de adq. p. adrog. § 2 (264).
11. de eo cui lib. ca. pr. (887).
12. de succ. subl. pr. (1007); §
1 (180).

13. de obligat. pr. (24); § 1 (545);
$2 (549).

15. de V. O. pr. (556); § 2 (105);
$3 (104): § 4 (99. 102); § 6
(99); $7 (506, 560).

16. de duob. reis. pr. (530).
17. de stip. serv. § 1 (533).

19. de inut. stip. §§ 1, 2 (110); §
3 (532); § 4 (533); § 12
(561); § 13 (565).

21. de litt. obl. (577).

23. d empt. §1 (597); § 3 (593);
$4 (594).

24. de locat. § 2 (605); § 3 (480);
$5 (605); § 6 (608).

25. de societ. § 1 (614); § 2 (615);
§ 5 (618).

26. de mand. § 8 (623); § 13
(620).

27. de obl. qu. ex contr. § 1 (678).
29. qu. mod. obl. toll. § 3a (717);
$ 4 (712).

IV. 1. de obl. ex del. § 4 (658); § II
(655).

2. vi Lon. rapt. pr. (661).
3. de 1. Aquilia, § 1 (662); § 9
(664); § 13 (664); § 16
(667).

4. de iur. pr. (668); §§ 7, 9
(674).

5. de obl. qu. ex del. §
(686, 688); § 3 (688).

I

6. de action. § 1 (122); § 2 (428,
432, 471); § 4 (434); § 5

IV. 7.

I.

INSTITUTIONES.

(436); § 7 (485); § 13 (208);
§16 (123); § 17 (123, 586);
§ 18 (123); § 20 (122); §
28 (125, 127); § 29 (742); §
30 (125, 706); § 31 (127); §
33 (995); $ 36 (535); § 37
(738).

quod c. eo. § 3 (538); §
(536, 537); § 5 (538).

8. de nox. act. § 1 (541); § 7

(252).

9. si quadrup. § 1 (691).
10. de his p. qu. agere. pr. (947).
12. de perp. et temp. § pr. (131);
§ 1 (130).

14. pr. $$ 1-3 (146).
15. de interd. §

(366); § 4a

(440); § 8 (148).
17. de off. iud. § 1 (542).

(b) DIGESTA.

1. de J. et J. 1. 1 pr. (13) ; l. 1, § 2
(9, 12); $3 (12); 1. 4 (181) ;
1.6 p
5 pr. (11); 1. 7 pr. (12); l.
7, § 1 (36); 1. 8 (36); 1. 10
pr., §§ 1, 2 (3); l. 11 pr. (12).
2. de O. J. 1. 2, § 6 (37); § 10
(35); § 12 (36) ; § 35 (37) ;
$ 47 (49); § 49 (47).
3. de legib. 1. 7 (16); 1. 8 (14) ;
11. 12, 13 (21); ll. 14-16
(15); l. 17 (18) ; l. 19 (19);
II. 20, 21 (22); 1. 23 (20) ; l.
24 (18); l. 25 (20); L 27
(21); 1. 29 (19); l. 32, § 1
(7, 9) ; l. 34 (7); l. 35 (7) ;
1. 37 (20); II. 38, 39 (8).
4. de const. princ. I. 1 (44).
5. de statu hom 1. 2 (161); l. 4,
§ 1 (167); 1. 5, §§ 2, 3 (164) ;

7 (161); l. 9 (291); l. 12
(255); 1. 17 (199); 1. 20
(297); 1. 21 (179); 1. 23
(217); l. 24 (164).

6. de his qui sui. *(214, 249);

4

1. 6 (254) ; l. 9 (249).
7. de adopt. 1. 1, § 1 (257); l. 5
(258); 1.6 (259); 1. 15 pr.
(264); l. 15, § 2 (261); 1. 21
(262) ; 1. 23 (259); 1. 28
(272); 1. 30 (258); ll. 31, 32
pr. (273); 1. 37 pr. (257) ; l.
37, 81 (259); 1. 40 pr. (264).
8. de R. D. 1. 1 pr. (335, 771); 1.
1, § 1 (334); 1. 5 pr. (338);
1. 6 pr. (336); 1. 6, § 1 (328);
1. 8 pr. (337); l. 10 (391).

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