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STATIONERY

WRITE for free samples of embossed at $2 or printed stationery at $1.50 per box. Thousands of Outlook customers. Lewis, stationer, Troy, N. Y.

PERSONAL STATIONERY, 200 single sheets, 100 envelopes, postpaid $1.00, west of Mississippi River $1.10. White boud paper, blue ink, top center only. Cash with order. RUE PUBLISHING CO., DENTON, MD.

EMPLOYMENT AGENCY

SECRETARIES, social workers, superintendents, matrons, housekeepers, dietitians, cafeteria inanagers, companions, governesses, mothers' helpers. The Richards Bureau, 68 Barnes St., Providence.

HELP WANTED

EARN $110 to $250 monthly, expenses paid, as railway traffic inspector. We secure position for you after completion of 3 months' home study course or money refunded. Excellent opportunities. Write for free booklet CM-27. Standard Business Training Institution, Buffalo, N. Y.

GOOD opening with large New York City social welfare organization for well-qualified financial secretary, some public speaking include 1. Written applications only. Give full details, education, special training, experience, references. Address W. E. A., 6,625, Outlook.

HOTELS NEED TRAINED MEN AND WOMEN. Nation-wide demand for highsalaried inen and wonen. Past experience unnecessary. We train you by mail and put you in touch with big opportunities. Big pay, fine living, interesting work, quick advanceinent, permanent. Write for free book, "YOUR BIG OPPORTUNITY." Lewis Hotel Training Schools, Suite N-5842,, Washington, D. C.

LECTURERS: Clergy who can speak on current events and who would be interested in several engagements each month in the churches of their State. Good payment. State qualifications in first letter. 6,573, Outlook.

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SITUATIONS WANTED

BY refined woman, social or business secretary, or accountant. Years of experience. Best references. Expert knowledge of auction bridge. L. B. Pritchard, 184 Park Ave., Rochester, N. Y.

CAPABLE young woman, speaking French, German, and English, wishes position as companion, governess, or housekeeper. Experienced traveler. Best references. 6,619, Outlook.

CULTURED, educated, and refined young woman desires position as teacher, tutor, or governess of widower's children. Thoroughly capable of managing household and servants. Excellent references. 6,629, Outlook.

LADY, middle aged, wishes position as companion. Eight years' experience, five in traveling. Can read indefinitely. 6,627,

Outlook.

NURSE Competent, trustworthy, finest references, desires engagement with invalid. Can go country or travel. 6,621, Outlook.

REFINED American woman, educated, capable, as managing housekeeper, housemother, hostess, companion to a lady. 6,630, Outlook.

TRUDEAU nurse desires tuberculosis patients. Would go South. 6,614, Outlook.

WANTED-Position as caretaker at shore or country estate, or institution; family man with experience in charge of country club and grounds. 6,628, Outlook.

WANTED-Position as companion or private teacher, country home, western New York. References. 6,633, Outlook.

WANTED-Position as teacher or companion, with family going to England. Private case experience. References. 6,634, Outlook.

WIDOW, college graduate, desires position as teacher or traveling companion to one or two persons going abroad. Speaks English and Spanish. Has traveled abroad. 6,624, Outlook.

MISCELLANEOUS

TO young women desiring training in the care of obstetrical patients a six months' nurses' aid course is offered by the Lying-In Hospital, 307 Second Ave.. New York. Aids are provided with maintenance and given a monthly allowance of $10. For further particulars address Directress of Nurses.

CLUB women. Do you need help with your club papers? Bibliographies prepared, references looked up, papers corrected and typewritten by college graduate experienced in research work. 6,626, Outlook.

FRITZ

By the Way

Ritz Kreisler, the famous violinist, spent his vacation last year in the Maine woods. He went there for a rest, and consequently did not overexert himself physically. His guide could not understand the virtuoso's conception of rest, and complained: "He no fish; he no hunt; he pay me $4.50 a day, and all I got to do is sit around and listen to him play damn fiddle."

A German actress has just received much publicity for owning the only poodle dog with a full set of gold teeth.

The "New Republic" has listed the ten biggest newspaper stories of 1925 from the editors' standpoint. They are: Evolution trial at Dayton, Tennessee; the Shenandoah disaster; Floyd Collins entombed at Cave City; Gunnar Kasson's race to Nome; the coal strike; the Caillaux mission; the Rhinelander case; Gerald Chapman; Amundsen's attempted dash to the pole; and Colonel Mitchell's attack on the Army.

A bon mot from Richard Watts's reHe view of Tony Sarg's Marionettes. wrote, "They are very entertaining, but they lack sex appeal."

With all the popularity that radio has received in this country and in Great Britain, South Africa and Australia won't have it. Broadcasting has been attempted in those countries, but given up for lack of public interest.

Some of Frank J. Wilstach's collection of last year's best similes:

Helpless as a cross-word puzzle fiend without a pencil. Unimportant as a new scratch on a four-year-old car.

A secret is about as safe with Ada as a police dog tethered with dental floss.

Mean as the barber who put hairrestorer in his shaving cream.

A few comments on the news of the week which haven't reached the general press: Evelyn Nesbit Thaw sold the story of her life to one of the Hearst papers in New York for $1,000, with the understanding that it was not to be printed until after her death. Two attempts at suicide have brought the story. out of the Hearst syndicate archives, only to be put back when the drugs failed to bring death to Harry Thaw's ex-wife. . . . A Baltimore woman, accused of stealing a quart of whisky, was dismissed by Magistrate Johannsen, who ruled that inasmuch as whisky does not

exist legally it is no crime to steal it. . . . Michael Arlen is reported to have made $180,000 during the past year. . . . Paul Whiteman, of orchestra fame, has rejected an offer from the Famous PlayersLasky Corporation of over one million dollars for three years of forty weeks each. He claims that he will make more than that from his concert tour. . When Ellin Mackay disobeyed her wealthy father and married a Jewish immigrant, she did not cut herself off from riches, for that immigrant happened to be Irving Berlin, who, thanks to his popular songs, now has a yearly income of $300,000.

The canny Scot was not quite sure whether business might keep him away from his evening meal. "Jeannie, my girl," said he to his wife ere he left home in the morning, "if I'm no able to be hame I'll ring ye at six precisely. Dinna tak the receiver off, and then I'll no ha'e to put in my tuppence."

Figures just released by the Maryland State Racing Commission reveal that a grand total of $54,315,272 was bet at the race-tracks during the seventy-two days of the season. The State gets fifteen per cent as its share. Some of those who win large sums at the track lose them very quickly. This is evidenced by the recent serious illness of "Nick" Forsly and the disclosure of his penniless condition. He had won $800,000 in one season at the New Orleans track.

From the Boston "Transcript:" "They say she is a very brilliant conversationalist."

"Yes; you should hear her play bridge."

Realtors in Florida have stimulated sales in certain boom areas by inserting large advertisements in the papers offering to buy land in those sections. This offers an incentive for new land buyers who visualize immediate turnovers at a profit. It has worked so well that some of the Long Island and New Jersey realty development people have adopted the same practice.

The answer to this puzzle is a word of two syllables. Do you know it? The first, though ill-bred is well liked and cherished by many.

The second is firmly and naturally attached to the first by many ties.

Nevertheless the whole suggests a process by which the two are frequently separated, more or less.

In writing to the above-advertisers, please mention The Outlook

A

The Mail Bag

Jews, Protestants, and Catholics

An Open Door for the
Open Mind

s a Jewess, I cannot but be interested in the articles appearing in The Outlook relative to Mr. Seitz's article "Jews, Catholics, and Protestants." I have just read the issue for December 23. My life, too, has always been spent in Christian communities. In fact, we

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probably be neither Jew nor Christian,
and would be one small atom toward the
working out of God's great plan when
the peoples of the world will be one.
H. K.-R.

Iowa.

were the only Jews in my home town for IN

a period of fully forty years. Only twice in the history of our family has there ever been a feeling of prejudice even hinted at. And each time it was by the Methodist minister. It is with some show of satisfaction that I tell you in each of the above-mentioned cases the offending minister was transferred to a new parish the following year. My father was a pioneer in this little northern Iowa town, and was dearly loved by both rich and poor. When he died, the entire community, including all the ministers in town, paid their homage to his memory and respect to his family.

I am a teacher of the violin. My work has taken me into positions in two State schools as well as into a Congregational college, and I have never felt that being a Jewess was a barrier. I have never concealed the fact of my origin, and I know this: because I have not concealed it-in a feeble way-I have brought light to many a Protestant mind as to what a Jew may be. (My bit toward home missionary work.) For three years I made my home with a fine Catholic family, and I know no Jewish friends who could replace to me the love and devotion of these Catholic friends. I think my Christian friends-Baptist, Congregational, Methodist-all lose sight of our difference in belief, small as it is in reality. Their loyalty to me has proved this fact time and time again, with tremendous force.

I have heard many a Jew talk in the strain of The Outlook article for December 23, and I cannot understand it, for such prejudice has never appreciably touched me or mine. I have no desire to become Christian, although all my life has been spent among Christian people. To quote from the December article, "Church-going people have destroyed that possibility by their very example." I am content in my Jewish faith in the One Great God who has been good to me. Had I a child, he should be taught the principles of both Judaism and Christianity. In the long run he would.

In Boston They Divided and
Got Licked

N your issue of December 16 Mr.
John F. Gilroy, in commenting on
Mr. Seitz's article on "Jews, Catholics,
and Protestants," asks, "How is it that
Boston elected a Protestant Mayor when
seventy-five per cent of its population is
Catholic?" I am in a position to en-
lighten Mr. Gilroy as to why a Protes-
tant Mayor was elected in Boston. The
Catholic politicians of Boston have been
badly split for a number of years, and
this year, while fighting among them-
selves, allowed a Protestant Mayor to be
elected. As for any of the Catholic
Democratic vote going to a Protestant
Republican, it is too absurd for consid-
eration. The percentage of Catholics in
Boston is estimated by authorities to be
about sixty-five per cent. The total vote
of the last election was 182,063, of which
the successful candidate received 64,492,
or 35.42 per cent. The seven Catholic
candidates received a total of 115,524,
63.45 per cent, which goes to show that
none of the Catholic votes was wasted
on the Protestant Republican candidate.
This has always been the case in Boston
politics.

or

Now let us look on the other side of the fence. In 1921 there were four candidates for Mayor, three Catholics and one Protestant. Out of a total of 161,186 votes cast, the Catholic candidates received 156,896 votes, the Protestant candidate 4,268. The Protestants joined hands with the better class of Catholics in an unsuccessful attempt to elect the best man. Again, there was the Hon. David I. Walsh elected in a strong Republican State for Governor and United States Senator by receiving thousands of Protestant votes, the writer's being one.

The City Hall in Boston is as free from Protestants as the Desert of Sahara is of water lilies!

I believe such a condition should receive the most possible publicity, and will appreciate it if you will publish the above.

MAURICE W. HOSMER.

Egypt, Massachusetts.

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Published weekly by The Outlook Company, 120 East 16th Street, New York. Copyright, 1926, by The Outlook Company. By subscription $5.00 a year for the United States and Canada. Single copies 15 cents each. Foreign subscription to countries in the postal Union, $6.56.

HAROLD T. PULSIFER, President and Managing Editor
NATHAN T. PULSIFER, Vice-President

ERNEST HAMLIN ABBOTT, Editor-in-Chief and Secretary
ARTHUR E. CARPENTER, Advertising Manager

LAWRENCE F. ABBOTT, Contributing Editor

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Commission. He has done it by charg- By the remarkably close vote of forty

ing on the floor of the Senate that President Coolidge, "under his peculiar effort to control independent Governmental commissions, is violating the law of the land."

What Senator Norris charged, specifically, is that the President has required certain appointees to give him signed resignations before they receive their commissions. He sees in this an apparent direct effort to influence appointees.

Senator Norris declared that when David J. Lewis was given a recess appointment as a member of the Tariff Commission the President asked for his resignation in advance, that Lewis declined to give it, and told the President to tear up his commission. This, however, was not done. Senator Norris believes that it was not done because the incident occurred during the last Presidential campaign. But he points out the fact that Mr. Lewis was not reappointed at the end of the recess period. He says that practically the same thing occurred in connection with the recess appointment of B. E. Haney as a member of the Shipping Board.

Senator Norris has asked the Senate to order an investigation of the Tariff Commission and the manner in which "the President has misconstrued not alone the letter but the spirit of the law and has used his high office to influence its procedure and decisions."

This is a one-sided statement, and has been, and should be, received by the public as such. No statement in refutation of the charge has as yet been made. The assumption of Senator Norris, moreover, that Congress can Constitutionally impair the executive power by creating commissions independent of the President is at least subject to question. The Constitution vests the executive power without qualification in the President. Congress has no right to encroach upon

y the remarkably close vote of fortyone to thirty-nine, the Senate of the United States seated Gerald P. Nye as Senator from North Dakota. There was a serious question, never answered, as to

International

Senator Gerald P. Nye

whether or not he was legally appointed. He was designated by the Governor of North Dakota to fill out an unexpired term, but there is not on the statutebooks of that State any law directly authorizing the Governor to make such an appointment. There is a law giving him the power to make appointments for unexpired terms in State offices. The question, therefore, turned on the point of whether or not a United States Senator is a State or a Federal officer.

Here is a question as old as the Government under the Constitution. Originally, Senators were regarded, and regarded themselves, as State officers. Indeed, a Senator was supposed to be a sort of ambassador from his State to Washington and, for a time, the office

Number 4

was not held in particularly high regard. More than one Senator resigned this, a State office, to accept election as Representative, a Federal office. As time went on, however, the general conception changed. The office came to be coveted as no other, except that of President, was coveted and to be regarded as a Federal office of the highest rank. Though the Senate lost long since some large part of its grandeur, this conception of the office of Senator has persisted.

Queerly enough, there is no clear decision by the Supreme Court of the United States as to whether a Senator is, in fact, a State or a Federal officer. Such decisions as there are seem to indicate that he may be the one for one purpose and the other for another purpose. The decision in the Burton case appears to hold that he is a State officer, and that in the Lamar case that he is a Federal officer. With this dearth of precedent and authority, the Senate approached the question of Nye's right to a seat.

For some time the conclusion was accepted as foregone that Mr. Nye would not be seated. Indeed, nobody was prepared to say that his appointment was legal. On the other hand, nobody was prepared to prove that it was illegal. Those who, guided by what there was of precedent and authority, finally voted to seat him did so with grave doubt, and those who voted against seating him did so with doubt equally grave. A bare majority, as the event showed, resolved the doubt in favor of the right of the

Governor to appoint.

Governor to appoint. Perhaps it is nearer the truth to say that, in the absence of clear authority, they resolved it in favor of the right of the State to full representation in the Senate. This, at least, is the ground on which Senator Borah justified his vote, and he thinks that most of those who voted with him did so for the same reason.

It may be that, with many Senators on both sides, political considerations weighed more heavily than would be admitted, more heavily than was realized even by the Senators themselves. While Nye is nominally a Republican, he is known to be not of the regular order. It is hardly to be thought that any consid

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erable number of Senators consciously voted either to maintain the Republican majority or to diminish it by one. But, with so little to guide them either way, the political factor may have been the determining factor as to how the really insoluble doubt was to be broken down.

and radicals had a political interest in having it appear that the Republican organization would deprive a Senator of his seat rather than decrease the somewhat slender Republican majority by

one.

Unfortunately, minorities in Congress

stantial majority for approval. The settlements with Belgium, Rumania, Latvia, Esthonia, and Czechoslovakia were ap proved without opposition or loss of time.

Compromising Taxes

The question of whether a Senator is have not ordinarily been above practices THE special committee of the Senate

or is not a State officer remains undetermined, except as this action may become a precedent in the affirmative.

Politicians Will Be Politicians

THE

HIE fact that the Democrats feel themselves hard put to it to manufacture issues for next fall's Congressional campaign is responsible for much that has occurred recently in Congress. More of the same kind is doubtless in store.

The most notable instance is the effort led by Senator Simmons, of North CaroHina, to substitute in the Senate Finance Committee another tax bill for the one passed by the House in a commendable non-partisan spirit.

The idea back of this effort was that the Democrats were to make a demonstration and then "go to the country" with the plea that they were anxious to give the taxpayers a more liberal reduction of taxes than the Republicans gave them-five hundred million against three hundred and twenty million. The Simmons Bill was defeated, of course, in Committee and the plan for concerted effort for it on the floor of the Senate has apparently been abandoned.

Similar ammunition was manufactured at about the same time in the House, where the Democrats voted solidly against approval of the Italian debt settlement. Doubtless there was genuine dissatisfaction on the part of many Democratic Representatives with the terms of that settlement, but there is good party thunder in the contention that if the Republican Administration had got the sort of debt settlements that it should have stood out for the taxes of American citizens could have been more gratifyingly reduced without exceeding the Treasury surplus.

Perhaps there was something of the same motive behind the support by Democratic Senators of the resolution seating Gerald P. Nye as a Senator from North Dakota. This is the one outstanding incident which has seemed to indicate, at this session, a DemocraticProgressive coalition. Both Democrats

the purposes of which were mainly political. It is not a fault peculiar to the Democrats. Republicans, when they have been in the minority, have done similar things. That, however, does not change the fact that the Democrats have just now a most excellent opportunity to be a constructive minority and that they are jeopardizing it even in political effect-by "playing politics."

Common Sense in the Senate

IN

N spite of the efforts of some politicians to play politics, the Democrats of the Senate have allowed common sense and public opinion to rule in framing the Senate Tax Bill. Indeed, the Senate Finance Committee by unanimous agreement on the Tax Bill has placed to its credit a non-partisan achievement only a little less notable than that of the House Ways and Means Committee. The ten Republicans and the seven Democrats voted together to report favorably all provisions of the bill as finally drafted.

The Senate bill differs from the House bill in some particulars. It provides for a somewhat greater reduction in total taxes than the House bill, and particularly a greater reduction in surtaxes on salaries between $28,000 and $100,000.

It would repeal the inheritance tax, the capital-stock tax, stamp taxes on Custom-House entries and withdrawals, and on steamship-passage tickets; it would increase certain other taxes; and would restore the alcohol levies which the House voted to cut in half.

But, on the whole, the two bills are much nearer together than were those of the last Congress, and the prospect remains, as it was early in the session, for much less trouble in reaching final adjustment.

While the Tax Bill was licked into shape in the Finance Committee of the Senate and the World Court debate dragged along on the floor the House was busy with the foreign debts settlements. A real fight developed on the Italian settlement, but it ended, after only three days of debate, with a sub

which investigated the Internal Revenue Bureau has reported that the Income Tax Unit has made improper allowances to taxpayers in the sum of $210,655,360, covering reductions of taxes for amortization of war facilities of manufacturers and miners. The committee also charges that "it has been the consistent policy of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue to exceed the authority delegated to compromise taxes." The principal charge in this respect seems to be that he followed "a policy of giving the unsecured creditors and stockholders of insolvent corporations precedence over the Government's claim for taxes."

It was reported that allowances for invested capital, which was the basis of the war profits and excess profits taxes, and taxation by special assessment-that is, the determination of tax by comparison with the tax paid by representative concerns engaged in the same industry where the taxpayers involved had suffered special hardship by abnormality in income or invested capital-are the principal grounds of tax refunds amounting to $459,090,825 made by the Bureau. from July 1, 1921, to April 30, 1925. The committee finds that "the principal administrative difficulties incident to invested capital and special assessment are due to the failure to observe the plain provision of the law."

Attack was made on the policy of the Income Tax Unit in permitting the division heads to exercise the practically unlimited discretionary power vested in the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, except when a taxpayer is dissatisfied with the determination of his tax or when the refund involved exceeds $50,000, in which cases there is a review of the work done or approved by the division heads. Reference was also made to the policy of discouraging complaints and protests made by subordinates, which action leaves division heads supreme and their superiors in ignorance of how the law is really administered.

The investigating committee makes further criticism of the general policies of the Bureau by stating that only 1512 per cent of the formal written rulings

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