illiteracy Mohham'mad gloried in his illiteracy, as a proof of his being inspired. E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, II. 229, note. The dense illiteracy in many parts of the United States, shown by the last census, is an argument in behalf of public education that no statesman who loves humanity can with sound reason oppose. N. A. Rev., CXL. 310. 2. An error in the use of letters; a literal or a literary error. [Rare.] = The many blunders and illiteracies of the first publishers of his [Shakspere's] works. Pope, Pref. to Shakespeare. illiteral (i-lit'e-ral), a. [< L. in- priv. + literalis, litteralis, literal: see literal.] Not literal. Dawson. [Rare.] illiterate (i-lit'e-rat), a. and n. [= F. illettré = Sp. iliterato Pg. illiterato = It. illetterato, L. illiteratus, inliteratus, more correctly illitteratus, inlitteratus, unlettered, uneducated, < in- priv. + literatus, litteratus, lettered, educated: see literate.] 1. a. 1. Ignorant of letters or books; having little or no learning; unlettered; uncultivated: as, the illiterate part of the population; an illiterate tribe. In census statistics and educational works illiterate is used in the specific sense of unable to read; but in common use it implies only a notable or boorish want of culture, a person unable to read being said to be totally illiterate. No more can Iudgis Illitturate It is more than a mere epigram to affirm that unlettered races must of necessity be illiterate. 2988 2. Having a bad temper; churlish; crabbed; surly; spiteful: as, an ill-natured person. It might be one of those ill-natured beings who are at enmity with mankind, and do therefore take pleasure in filling them with groundless terrors. Atterbury. 3. Indicating ill nature. The ill-natured task refuse. Addison, tr. of Ovid. 4. Of uncertain temper; petulant; peevish; intractable. [Scotch.] He has a very kind heart; but O! it's hard to live wi him, he's sae ill-natured. Jamieson. ill-naturedly (il'na'turd-li), adv. In an illnatured manner; spitefully; surlily. ill-naturedness (il na'turd-nes), n. The quality of being ill-natured; crabbedness; spitefulness. illness (il'nes), n. [< ME. ilnesse, ylnesse; ill +-ness.] 1. Evilness; badness; wickedness; iniquity; moral perversion. I haue lefte to hir the gardeins of Vulcan, whiche I caused to make for her recreation. And if thou take it from hir, thou shewest thyne yinesse. Golden Book, xlvii. The best examples haue neuer such forse to moue to any goodnes as the bad, vaine, light, and fond haue to all ilnes. Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 68. 2+. A bad or unfavorable state or condition; unfavorableness. He that has his chains knocked off, and the prison-doors set open, is perfectly at liberty, though his preference be determined to stay, by the illness of the weather. Locke. illude illogicalness (i-loj'i-kal-nes), n. The quality of being illogical; opposition to sound reasoning. There are divers texts of the Old Testament applied to Christ in the New, which, though they did not now inevitably conclude against the present Jews, were without any illogicalness employed against their ancestors. Boyle, Works, II. 274. ill-omened (il ́o'mend), a. Having or attended by bad omens; ill-starred. Remembering his ill-omen'd song, [she] arose Once more thro' all her height. Tennyson, Princess, vi. illoricate (i-lor'i-kāt), a. [<in-3 + loricate.] In zool., not loricate; having no lorica. Illosporiacei (il-ō-spō-ri-ā'sē-i), n. pl. [NL. (Fries, 1846), Illosporium + -acei.] A division of gymnomycetous fungi, of which the genus Illosporium is the type. It is referred by Saccardo to the Hyphomycetes, family Tubercularieæ. Illosporium (il-o-spo'ri-um), n. [NL. (K. F. P. von Martius, 1817), < Gr. (dial.) i2žos, the eye,+ σорá, a spore.] A genus of fungi placed by Saccardo in the Hyphomycetes, family Tuberculariea, having the conidia globular and agglutinated by a gelatinous substance. They occur among mosses and lichens and on the trunks of trees. ill-parti, a. Ill-conditioned. Nares. King John, that ill-part personage. Death of R. Earle of Huntington (1601). 1. Set or disposed to evil; [Scotch.] 3. An attack of sickness; ailment; malady; ill-set (il'set'), a. Shak., Lucrece, 1. 810. disease: as, he has recovered from his illness. ill-natured; spiteful. This is the first letter that I have ventured upon, which Auld luckie cries; "Ye're o'er ill-set; will be written, I fear, vacillantibus literis; as Tully says, Tyro's letters were after his recovery from an illness. As ye'd hae measure, ye sud met." Isaac Taylor, The Alphabet, I. 3. Intrepid, with muscles of steel, and finely formed, they are very illiterate. Lathrop, Spanish Vistas, p. 26. 2. Showing illiteracy or want of culture; rude; barbarous. There are in many places heresy, and blasphemy, and impertinency, and illiterate rudenesses. Jer. Taylor, Extempore Prayer. Brown monks with long dangling hair, and faces kindly but altogether illiterate, hang about in desultory groups. Scribner's Mag., IV. 275. =Syn. Unlettered, Unlearned, etc. See ignorant. II. n. An illiterate person; one unable to read or to write. In Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, and some German states, there are hardly any illiterates. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVII. 640. These illiterates belong almost exclusively to the colored illiterately (i-lit ́e-rat-li), adv. In an illiterate race. manner. N. A. Rev., CXLII. 382. To unread 'squires illiterately gay; illiterateness (i-lit'e-rat-nes), n. The state of being illiterate; illiteracy. What blindness pursues them, that they mark the things He made only with their museum-labels, and think they have exhausted its contribution when they have never even been within sight of it? This is not even atheism. It is simple illiterateness. Nineteenth Century, XIX. 213. illiterature (i-lit'e-ra-tur), n. [< L. in- priv. + literatura, litteratura, literature.] Want of learning; unlettered condition; illiteracy; ignorance. [Rare.] The more usual causes of this deprivation are want of holy orders, illiterature, or inability for the discharge of that sacred function, and irreligion. Ayliffe, Parergon. The illiterature of the age approached to barbarism; the evidences of history were destroyed. I. D'Israeli, Amen. of Lit., I. 247. ill-judged (il'jujd'), a. Done without judgment; injudicious; unwise. ill-laidt, a. Badly conceived or proposed; un reasonable. "Tis such another strange ill-laid request As if a beggar should intreat a king To leave his sceptre and his throne to him. Beau. and Fl., King and No King, ii. 1. ill-lived (il'livd'), a. [< ill + life + -ed2.] Leading a disreputable or wicked life. A scandalous and ill-lived teacher. Bp. Hall. ill-looked (il'lükt'), a. Having an ill or bad look; homely; plain. Scott. ill-looking (il'lükʼing), a. Having a bad look or appearance; ugly; uncomely. ill-mannered (il'man'erd), a. Of bad manners; uncivil; impolite; rude; boorish. ill-natured (il'na'turd), a. 1. Having a bad nature or character. It is impossible that any besides an ill-natured man can wish against the Being of a God. Shaftesbury, Letter concerning Enthusiasm, § 4, quoted [in Fowler, p. 118. Rich, foreign mould on their ill-natured land. Atterbury. Syn. 3. Illness, Sickness, Ailment, complaint, disorder. Sick and sickness have been considered until within the present century essentially synonymous with ill and illness. Of late, English usage has tended to restrict sick and sickness to nausea, and American usage has followed it so far as to regard illness as a rather more elegant and less definite term: beyond that it does not seem likely to go. An ailment is generally of small account, comparatively, and local: as, his ailment was only a headache. None of these words represent ordinarily so serious an attack as disease, but illness and sickness may do so. See disease and debility. illocable (i-lō'ka-bl), a. [= Pg. illocavel, ‹ L. illocabilis, inlocabilis, lit. that cannot be placed, <in-priv. + locabilis, locare, place: see locate.] In law, incapable of being placed out or hired. illocal (i-lokal), a. [< ML. illocalis, without place, in-priv.+localis, local.] Without place; not in any definite portion of space. This is in itself very absurd, to suppose finite and particular beings to be thus illocal and immoveable, nowhere and every where. Cudworth, Intellectual System, p. 783. Nor is the presence of Christ in the bread and wine (ilocal, uncircumscribed) based upon the fact that the body of Christ is glorified. Bibliotheca Sacra, XLV. 686. ... illocality (il-ō-kal′i-ti), n. [< illocal + -ity.] Want of locality or place; the state of not existing in a locality or place. An assertion of the inextension and illocality of the soul was long and very generally eschewed. Sir W. Hamilton. ill-off (il'ôf'), a. Badly provided for; not in comfortable circumstances: opposed to well-off. Doubtless it is true that the greater part of the money exacted comes from those who are relatively well-off. But this is no consolation to the ill-off from whom the rest is exacted. H. Spencer, Man vs. State, p. 73. illogical (i-loj'i-kal), a. [< in-3 + logical. Cf. F. illogique.] 1. Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or sound reasoning: as, an illogical disputant. Even the most illogical of modern writers would stand perfectly aghast at the puerile fallacies which seem to have deluded some of the greatest men of antiquity. Macaulay, Athenian Orators. 2. Contrary to the rules of logic or sound reasoning: as, an illogical inference. What is there among the actions of beasts so illogical and repugnant to reason? Cowley, Shortness of Life. This distinction of precepts and counsels is illogical and ridiculous, one member of the distinction grasping within itself the other. South, Works, VIII. vi. =Syn. 2. Inconclusive, inconsequent, unsound, fallacious, sophistical. illogicality (i-loj-i-kal'i-ti), n. [< illogical + -ity.] 1. Illogicalness; want of logic or sound reasoning. It accuses the subtle Berkeley ... of illogicality. Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 329. 2. That which is illogical; a case of illogical ness. Even Irish extraction would scarcely suffice to account for the illogicality. H. Spencer, Prin. of Psychol., § 406. illogically (i-lojʻi-kal-i), adv. In an illogical manner. The Farmer's Ha', st. 38. 2. Having the type incorrectly set; ill-printed. If lovers should mark everything a fault, Affection would be like an ill-set book, Whose faults might prove as big as half the volume. Middleton, Changeling, ii. 1. 1. Ill-assorted; illill-sorted (il'sôr'ted), a. arranged; hence, ill-matched; ill-paired: as, an ill-sorted couple.-2. Ill-suited; ill-satisfied. [Scotch.] Ye'll be ill-sorted to hear that he's like to be in the prison at Portanferry. Scott, Guy Mannering, xlv. ill-starred (il'stärd'), a. [<ill + star1 + -ed2. Cf. disastrous.] Under the influence of an evil star; hence, fated to be unfortunate; ill-omened. [A word borrowed from astrology.] Now, how dost thou look now? O ill-starr'd wench! Shak., Othello, v. 2. Then from thy foolish Heart, vain Maid, remove An useless Sorrow, and an ill-starr'd Love. Prior, Henry and Emma. ill-tempered (il'tem'perd), a. 1t. Distempered; disordered. Hath Cassius liv'd To be but mirth and laughter to his Brutus, When grief, and blood ill-temper'd, vexeth him? Shak., J. C., iv. 3. Put on a half shirt first this summer, it being very hot; and yet so ill-tempered I am grown, that I am afraid I shall catch cold, while all the world is afraid to melt away. Pepys, Diary, II. 139. 2. Having a bad temper; morose; crabbed; petulant; surly; cross. When I spoke that I was ill-temper'd too. Shak., J. C., iv. 3. =Syn. 2. See ill-natured. illth (ilth), n. [< ill-th; formed after the analogy of wealth.] That which conduces to ill or evil. [Rare.] The squandering of a nation's labor in the production not of wealth but of illth results in the robbery of the wageworkers. Christian Union, Aug. 11, 1887. ill-time (il'tim'), v. t. [<ill + time, v.] To do or attempt at an unsuitable time; mistime. Wright. [Rare.] ill-timed (il'timd'), p. a. Not at a suitable time; unseasonable; inopportune. Madness, we fancy, gave an ill-tim'd Birth ill-treat (il'trēt′), v. t. He'd bid blot all, and to the anvil bring These ill-torned verses to new hammering. B. Jonson, tr. of Horace's Art of Poetry. illude (i-lūd'), v. t.; pret. and pp. illuded, ppr. illuding. [OF. illuder = Pg. illudir = It. illudere, L. illudere, inludere, play with, sport or jest with, scoff at, mock, deceive, in, in, on, + ludere, play; cf. allude, collude, delude, elude.] illude To play upon; mock; deceive with false hopes. And of his lady too he doth reherse, Sir J. Davies, Dancing. And as he then looked behind him he could see the earth no more, but the isles all bright and illuminate with a mild and delicate fire. Holland, tr. of Plutarch, p. 993. If they be illuminate by learning. Bacon. illuminism Perfect illumination is only writing made lovely; the moment it passes into picture-making it has lost its dignity and function. Ruskin, Lectures on Art, § 143. 6. A representation or design in an illuminated work: as, the illuminations of a psalter. In a glorious large folio Salisbury Missal, on vellum, and written out towards the middle of the fourteenth century, now lying open before me, the T [beginning the canon or Te igitur] is so drawn as to hold within it an illumination of Abraham about to slay his son Isaac. Rock, Church of our Fathers, i. 103. Circle of illumination, that circle on the earth which separates places where it is day from places where it is night; that great circle on the earth whose plane is persun.-Direct illumination. See direct. illuminatism (i-lū'mi-na-tizm), n. [< illuminate, a., + -ism.] Same as illuminism. [= F. illumiilluminative (i-lū'mi-na-tiv), a. Pg. It. illuminativo; natif = Sp. iluminativo = as illuminate +-ive.] Having the power of producing or giving light; tending to enlighten or inform; illustrative. illume (i-lum'), v. t.; pret. and pp. illumed, ppr. illuming. [< OF. illumer (= Pg. illumiar = It. illumare), contr. of illuminer, < L. illuminare, in- 2. Decorated with or as with colored pictures. pendicular to the line joining the centers of the earth and luminare, light up: see illumine, illuminate.] To illumine; illuminate. [Poetical.] When yon same star, that's westward from the pole, illuminable (i-lū'mi-na-bl), a. [< LL. illuminabilis, L. illuminare, light up: see illuminate.] Capable of being illuminated. illuminant (i-lū’mi-nant), a. and n. [= It. illuminante, L. illuminan(t-)s, inluminan(t-)s, ppr. of illuminare, inluminare, light up: see illuminate.] I. a. Pertaining to illumination; affording light. II. n. That which illuminates or affords light; a material from which light is procured. They are near enough to the truth. . . to represent the actual relation of the two illuminants. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXI. 585. As lately as fifty years ago the candle was the chief illuminant in use. Science, XIII. 55. With a new illuminant competing for favour, consumers growled more openly at "bad gas" and high gas bills. Nature, XXX. 270. illuminary (i-lu'mi-nā-ri), a. [<illumine+-ary, after luminary.] Pertaining to illumination; illuminative. Scott. [Rare.] illuminate (i-lū'mi-nāt), v.; pret. and pp. illuminated, ppr. illuminating. [< L. illuminatus, inluminatus, pp. of illuminare, inluminare (> ult. E. illumine and illume, q. v.), light up, illuminate, <in, on, + luminare, light,<lumen (lumin-), light: see luminate.] I, trans. 1. To give light to; light up. It [sherris-sack] illuminateth the face; which, as a beacon, gives warning. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., iv. 3. God... made the stars, And set them in the firmament of heaven To illuminate the earth. Milton, P. L., vii. 350. Reason or Guide, what can she more reply, Than that the Sun illuminates the Sky? Prior, Solomon, i. 2. To light up profusely; decorate with many lights, as for festivity, triumph, or homage: as, to illuminate one's house and grounds; the city was illuminated in honor of the victory.-3. To enlighten; inform; impart intellectual or moral light to. The light of natural understanding, wit, and reason, is from God; he it is which thereby doth illuminate every man entering into the world. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, iii. 9. The learned men of our Nation, whom he [Isaac Casabonus] doth exceedingly illuminate with the radiant beames of his most elegant learning. Illuminate missals open on the meads, Bending with rosaries of dewy beads. R. H. Stoddard, Hymn to Flora. II. n. One who makes pretension to extraordinary light and knowledge. See illuminati. Bp. Mountagu, Appeal to Caesar, p. 16. illuminati (i-lū-mi-na'ti), n. pl. [L., pl. of illuminatus, enlightened: see illuminate, a.] 1t. Eccles., persons who had received baptism, in which ceremony a lighted taper was given to them as a symbol of spiritual enlightenment. -2. [cap.] A name given to different religious societies or sects because of their claim to perfection or enlightenment in religious matters. Enlightened) of Spain in the sixteenth century, an ephemThe most noted among them were the Alumbrados (the eral society of Belgium and northern France (also called Guérinets) in the seventeenth century, and an association of mystics in southern France in the eighteenth century, combining the doctrines of Swedenborg with the methods of the freemasons. Such illuminates are our classical brethren! 3. [cap.] See Order of the Illuminati, below. 4. In general, persons who affect to possess extraordinary knowledge or gifts, whether justly or not; persons who lay claim to superior knowledge in any department: often used satirically. Any one can see that the book which forms the centre of the group is not a Bible, and the illuminati know that it is a photographic album. N. and Q., 7th ser., VI. 283. The great arcanum [the secret of futurity] can be mastered only by the very few who have the requisite intellectual capacity.... Let Sir John Herschel say what he pleases, astronomical problems are a mere bagatelle to the problems our illuminati have to solve. H. Rogers. order of the Illuminati, a celebrated secret society founded by Professor Adam Weishaupt at Ingolstadt in Bavaria in 1776, originally called the Society of the Perfectibilists. It was deistic and republican in principle, aimed at general enlightenment and emancipation from superstition and tyranny, had an elaborate organization, was to some extent associated with freemasonry, and spread widely through Europe, though the Illuminati were never very numerous. The order excited much antagonism, and was suppressed in Bavaria in 1785, but lingered for some time elsewhere. illumination (i-lū-mi-nā ́shọn), n. [< ME. illumynacyon = D. illuminatie = G. Dan. Sw. illumination, <OF. illumination, F. illumination = Sp. iluminacion = Pg. illuminação = It. illuminazione, <LL. illuminatio(n-), inluminatio(n-), a lightening up, <L. illuminare, inluminare, light up: see illuminate.] 1. Supply of light; emanation of luminous rays; light afforded by a luminous body or substance. tion. Coryat, Crudities, I. 43. It was with a certain desperation that Shelley now 4. To throw light upon; make luminous or To illuminate the several pages with variety of examples. Watts. To Bridgewater House, to see the pictures, where we met Sterling. His criticisms very useful and illuminating. Caroline Fox, Journal, p. 182. 5. To decorate in color by hand; adorn with pictures, ornamental letters, designs, etc., in colors, gold, silver, etc., in flat tints, especially without shading, or with merely conventional shading: as, the illuminated missals or manuscripts of the middle ages. The amount of illumination diminishes in proportion to the square of the distance from the source of illuminaLommel, Light (trans.), p. 23. 2. The act of illuminating, or the state of being illuminated; a lighting up; specifically, an unusual or profuse display of light; decoration by means of many lights, as in festivity or rejoicing: as, the illumination of a city. Bonfires, illuminations, and other marks of joy appeared, not only in London, but over the whole kingdom. Bp. Burnet, Hist. Own Times, an. 1710. 3. Mental enlightenment; knowledge or insight imparted. The deuelle entirs than by fals illumynacyons, and fals sownnes and swetnes, and dyssaues a mans saule. Hampole, Prose Treatises (E. E. T. S.), p. 17. By leaving them (men) to God's immediate care for farther illumination, he doth not bid them depend upon extraordinary revelation. Stillingfleet, Sermons, II. vi. There is no difficulty so great in Scripture but that, by the supernatural illuminations of God's Spirit concurring with our natural endeavours, it is possible to be mastered. Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. ix. 4, In a special use, the doctrine of the Illuminati; worship of enlightenment or knowledge. One among many results of Scott's work was to turn the tide against the Illumination, of which Voltaire, Diderot, and the host of Encyclopædists were the high priests. J. C. Shairp, Aspects of Poetry, p. 105. 5. Pictorial ornamentation of books and manuscripts by hand, as practised in the middle ages; adornment by means of pictures, designs, and letters in flat colors, gilt, etc., practised espethat general, "the one we have now among us, was kind cially in devotional works: as, the art of illu The large brazen eagle, upon the outstretched wings of which lay open the heavy Grail, or widely-spreading -from the noted and illuminated leaves of Antiphoner which they [the rulers of the choir] were chanting. Rock, Church of our Fathers, ii. 202. I say illuminated, because the miniatures are painted in bright colours on grounds of burnished gold-a true example of the original meaning of the word. The Academy, June 1, 1889. Illuminated clock. See phosphorescent dial, under dial. II. intrans. To display a profusion of lights, in order to express joy, triumph, etc. The [Irish] people eleven years afterwards illuminated for General Grose on his return to the country, because to the people" in the rebellion. Gladstone, Nineteenth Century, XXII. 466. mination. We then enter into the illuminative way of religion, and set upon the acquist of virtues, and the purchase of spiritual graces. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1885), I. 70. What makes itself and other things be seen (as being accompanied by light) is called fire; what admits the illu minative action of fire, and is not seen, is called air. Sir K. Digby, Nature of Bodies, iv. Illuminative month. Same as synodical month (which see, under month). illuminato (il-lö-mi-nä'tō), n. [It.: see illuminate, a.] One of the illuminati; a person claiming to possess exceptional enlightenment. An illuminato like Katkoff may write as if Russia was invincible; practical men know better. Contemporary Rev. LI. 592. = illuminator (i-lū'mi-na-tor), n. [= F. illuminateur = Sp. iluminador Pg. illuminador = It. illuminatore, LL. illuminator, inluminator, an enlightener, < L. illuminare, inluminare, enlighten, illuminate: see illuminate.] 1. One who or that which illuminates or gives light; a natural or artificial source of light, literally or figuratively: as, the sun is the primary illuminator. Some few ages after came the poet Geffery Chaucer, who, writing his poesies in English, is of some called the first illuminator of the English tongue. Verstegan, Rest. of Decayed Intelligence, vii. The chemists will perhaps be ready... to produce a cheap illuminator from water. The Century, XXVI. 339. 2. One who decorates manuscripts, books, etc., with ornamental pictures, designs, letters, etc., in the style called illumination. As no book or document was approved unless it had some ornamented and illuminated initials or capital letters, there was no want of illuminators. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 682. 3. A lens or mirror in a microscope or other optical instrument for concentrating the light. 4. A glass tile or floor-light.-5. An apparatus for directing a beam of light upon some object, as in lighting parts of the body in surgical or medical examinations.-6. A device for carrying a small electric light into the mouth in examining the teeth.-Opaque illuminator, an illuminator for a microscope, formed by a circular disk of thin glass, placed at an angle of 45° with the axis of the instrument, and reflecting rays from a side aperture downward upon the object.- Parabolic illuminator, in a microscope, a reflector of semiparaboloid form placed over an opaque object to illuminate it. It is silvered inside, and the object is placed in its focus. illumine (i-lü'min), v. t.; pret. and pp. illumined, ppr. illumining. [= D. illumineren = G. illuminiren Dan. illuminere Sw. illuminera, < F. illuminer = Pr. enlumenar, illuminar, illumenar, ellumenar = Sp. iluminar = Pg. illuminar It. illuminare, <L. illuminare, inluminare, light up: see illuminate. Cf. illume.] To illuminate; light up; throw light upon, literally or figuratively. = And as the bright sun glorifies the sky, So is her face illumined with her eye. Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 486. What in me is dark Illumine, what is low raise and support. Milton, P. L., i. 23. At civic revel and pomp and game, And when the long-illumined cities flame. Tennyson, Death of Wellington, viii. illuminee (i-lū-mi-nē′), n. [< F. illuminé, < L. illuminatus, pp.: see illuminate, a.] An illuminate; specifically, a member of a sect or of the order of Illuminati. illuminer (i-lū ́mi-nèr), n. One who illuminates; an illuminator. [Rare.] He (E. Norgate] became the best Illuminer or Limner of our age. Fuller, Worthies, Cambridgeshire. illuminism (i-lūʼmi-nizm), n. [=F. illuminisme Sp. iluminismo = Pg, illuminismo; as illumine = illuminism + -ism.] The principles or claims of illuminati, or of a sect or the order of Illuminati. Also illuminatism. [Rare.] illuministic (i-lu-mi-nis'tik), a. [< illumine + -istic.] Relating to illuminism, or to the Illuminati. illuminize (i-lū'mi-niz), v. t.; pret. and pp. il- illuminous (i-lū'mi-nus), a. [Irreg. < illumine+ Sir H. Taylor, Edwin the Fair, ii. 2. The devil ensnareth the souls of many men by illuring them with the muck and dung of this world to undo them eternally. Fuller. illusion (i-lūʼzhọn), n. [= D. illusie G. Dan. Sw. illusion = F. illusion = Pr. illusio Sp. ilusion = Pg. illusão = It. illusione, < L. illusio(n), inlusio(n-), a mocking, jesting, irony, < illudere, inludere, pp. illusus, inlusus, play with, mock: see illude.] 1. That which illudes or deceives; an unreal vision presented to the bodily or mental eye; deceptive appearance; false show. All her furniture was like Tantalus's gold described by Still less can appearance and illusion be taken as iden tical. For truth or illusion is not to be found in the objects of intuition, but in the judgments upon them, so far as they are thought. It is therefore quite right to say that the senses never err, not because they always judge rightly, but because they do not judge at all. Kant, Critique of Pure Reason (tr. by Max Müller), p. 293. The cleverest, the acutest men are often under an illusion about women;... their good woman is a queer thing, half doll, half angel; their bad woman almost always a fiend. Charlotte Brontë, Shirley, xx. Specifically-2. In psychol., a false perception due to the modification of a true perception by the imagination: distinguished from false appearances due to the imperfection of the bodily organs of sense, such as irradiation, and from hallucinations, into which no true perception enters. See hallucination, 2.-3. The act of deceiving or imposing upon any one; deception; delusion; mockery. I told my lord the duke, by the devil's illusions 4. A thin and very transparent kind of tulle. illusionable (i-lu zhon-a-bl), a. [< illusion + -able.] Subject to illusions; liable to be deceived; easily imposed upon. [Rare.] Burke was not a young poet, but an old and wary statesman, . . . one who had been in the maturity of his powers and reputation when those illusionable youths [Wordsworth and Coleridge] were in their cradles. The Academy, Sept. 6, 1879, p. 167. illusionist (i-lu'zhọn-ist), n. [< illusion + -ist.] 1. One who is subject to illusion; one who trusts in illusions. The man of sense is the visionary or illusionist, fancying things as permanencies, and thoughts as fleeting phantoms. Alcott, Tablets, p. 174. 2. One who produces illusions for deception or entertainment; specifically, a sleight-of-hand performer. Jugglers, and illusionists, and sleight-of-hand performers of every grade, prefer examining committees composed of leading citizens-and instinctively dread the 2990 criticism of children and of day-laborers, who, being un- I am that Truth, thou some illusive spright. ner. illustriously trazione, L. illustratio(n-), inlustratio(n-), vivid representation (in rhet.), illustrare, inlustrare, light up, illustrate: see illustrate.] 1. The act of illustrating, or of rendering clear or obvious; explanation; elucidation; exemplification. Analogy, however, is not proof, but illustration. Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 9. 2. The state of being illustrated or illumined. [Obsolete in the literal sense.] One Conradus, a devout priest, had such an illustration, such an irradiation, such a coruscation, such a light at the tops of those fingers which he used in the consecration of the sacrament, as that by that light of his fingers' ends he could read in the night as well as by so many candles. Donne, Sermons, viii. The incredulous world had, in their observation, slipped and secular illustrations. The quality of by their true prince, because he came not in pompous Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 43. 3. That which illustrates. Specifically-(a) A com parison or an example intended for explanation or corroboration. illusiveness (i-lu'siv-nes), n. The English lords, who then held the king in tutelage, Illusory creations of imagination. J. Caird. rank, dignity, and station all proved illusory, so far as Hawthorne, Seven Gables, viii. illustrable (i-lus'- or il'us-tra-bl), a. [< L. as Who can but magnifie the power of decussation, inser- illustrate (i-lus'- or ilʼus-trät), v. t.; pret. and He had a star to illustrate his birth; but a stable for The sense was dark; 'twas therefore fit Cowper, To Robert Lloyd, 1. 62. 4. To elucidate or ornament by means of pic- The right reuerend and illustrate lord. A graver fact, enlisted on your side, May furnish illustration, well applied. Cowper, Conversation, 1. 206. (b) A pictorial representation, map, etc., placed in a book or other publication to elucidate the text. 4. Illustriousness; distinction. [Rare.] It would be a strange neglect of a beautiful and approved custom... if the college in which the intellec tual life of Daniel Webster began, and to which his name imparts charm and illustration, should give no formal exR. Choate, Addresses, p. 241 pression to her grief in the common sorrow. [< illustrate + illustrative (i-lus'trā-tiv), a. -ive.] Tending to illustrate. (a) Tending to elucidate, explain, or exemplify: as, an argument or a simile illustrative of a subject. Purging and pruning with all industrie... What's dull or flaccid, nought illustrative. Dr. H. More, Psychathanasia, I. ii. 41. (bt) Tending to make glorious or illustrious; honorific. illustratively (i-lus'tra-tiv-li), adv. By way of illustration or elucidation. They being many times delivered hieroglyphically, metaphorically, illustratively, and not with reference unto action. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iv. 12. illustrator (i-lus'- or ilʼus-tra-tor), n. [= F. illustrateur = Sp. ilustrador Pg. illustrador = It. illustratore, LL. illustrator, inlustrator, an enlightener, <L. illustrare, inlustrare, illustrate: see illustrate.] 1. One who illustrates, or renders bright, clear, or plain; one who exemplifies something in his own person. the Earle To the right gracious illustrator of virtue of Montgomrie. Chapman, Ded. of Sonnet. 2. One who draws pictorial illustrations. The finest work of the illuminator, the illustrator, and O. W. Holmes, The Atlantic, LX. 219. the binder. [< illustrate illustratory (i-lus'tra-to-ri), a. +-ory.] Serving to illustrate; illustrative. [Rare.] illustret, v. t. [< F. illustrer, illustrate: see illustrate.] To illustrate. All illustred with Lights radiant shine. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 1. illustrious (i-lus'tri-us), a. [= F. illustre = Sp. ilustre = Pg. It. illustre, < L. illustris, inlustris, lighted up, bright, clear, manifest, honorable, illustrious, in, in, + *lustrum, light (ML. a window): see luster. Cf. illustrate.] 1. Possessing luster or brilliancy; luminous; bright; shining. The Cliff parted in the midst, and discovered an illus trious concave, filled with an ample and glistering light. B. Jonson, Hue and Cry. His right noble mind, illustrious virtue, Waller, Panegyric on Cromwell. =Syn. 2 and 3. Distinguished, Eminent, etc. (see famous); remarkable, signal, exalted, noble, glorious. illustriously (i-lus'tri-us-li), adv. In an illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; gloriously. He disdained not to appear at festival entertainments, that he might more illustriously manifest his charity. Bp. Atterbury. illustriousness illustriousness (i-lus'tri-us-nes), n. The Widow Vanhomrigh and her two daughters quitted Ros. Why look you so upon me? Shak., As you Like it, iii. 5. 2991 black prismatic crystals. It is found in the Ilybius (i-lib'i-us), n. [NL., Gr. iλés, mud, are about 15 North American and a num- =Syn. Animosity, Ill-will, Enmity, etc. See animosity. [NL. (Rafinesque), Gr. ius, mud, avoos, a flower; from its tus. (Line shows imagery a likeness, but an image paints it with a few verbal touches. Images... are of great use to give weight, magnificence, and strength to a discourse. London Encyc. 6. An optical counterpart or appearance of an object, such as is produced by reflection from a mirror, refraction by a lens, or the passage of luminous rays through a small aperture. See vision, mirror, and lens.-7. In math., when imaginary quantities are represented by points on a plane, a point representing any given function of a quantity represented by another point, the former point is said to be the image of the latter.-Aerial image. See aerial.-After Ilybius bigutta- image. See after-image.-Double image. See double. - Electric image (as defined by Maxwell), an electrified point, or system of points, on one side of a surface which would produce on the other side of that surface the same electrical action which the actual electrification of that surface really does produce. (Thomson.)- Inverted image. See lens.-Multiple images, images formed by reflection and re-reflection in two mirrors, as in a kaleido. scope.-Negative or accidental image, the image which is perceived when the eye, after looking intently at a bright-colored object, is directed to a white surface. The color is complementary to that of the original, on account of the fatigue and consequent failure to act of the nervous mechanisms called into play in the first instance. - Worship of images. See image-worship. image (im'aj), v. t.; pret. and pp. imaged, ppr. imaging. image, n. Cf. imagine, v.] 1. To form an image of; represent by an image; reflect the likeness of; mirror: as, mountains imaged in the peaceful lake. As who would say her owne ouermuch lenitie and good- of the natural order Scrophularineæ, tribe Gra ous. nesse made her ill willers the more bold and presumptu. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 181. Queen Elizabeth knowing well that she had drawn many ill-willers against her State, she endeavour'd to strengthen it by all the means she could devise. Baker, Chronicles, p. 332. ill-willy (il'wil’i), a. [Sc., also ill-willie; < illwilly.] 1. Ill-disposed; ill-natured; malicious. An ill-willy cow should have short horns. Now this ill-wresting world is grown so bad, Shak., Sonnets, cxl. illy (il'i), adv. [< ill, a., + -ly2.] In an ill or evil manner; not well; unsatisfactorily; ill. [Illy, though correctly formed from the adjective ill, is not in common or good use, the adverb ill being preferred.] nel. tioleæ. It is characterized by a 5-parted calyx, a corolla im-2. An assimilated form (in Latin, etc.) of How illy they [the Papists] digested it may be seen by this passage. Strype, Memorials, i. 2. Whereby they might see how illy they were served. R. Knox (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 366). Thou dost deem That I have illy spared so large a band, Disabling from pursuit our weaken'd troops. Southey. Illyrian (i-lir'i-an), a. and n. [L. Illyrius, Illyrian, Illyria, Illyria, < Illyrii, Gr. 'Ipio, the Illyrians.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to Illyria or Illyricum, an ancient region east of the Adriatic, comprising in its widest extent modern Albania, Bosnia, Servia, Croatia, Dalmatia, etc., conquered by the Romans and made a province, and later a prefecture.-2. Pertaining to modern Illyria, a titular kingdom of AustriaHungary, comprising at present Carinthia, Carniola, and the Maritime Territory.-3. Pertaining to the modern Serbo-Croatian race or lan- thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them. guage.-lyrian Provinces, a government formed by Napoleon in 1809, comprising various territories taken from Austria, lying north and east of the Adriatic. It was under French control, was abolished in 1814-15, and in 1816 was made a nominal kingdom of the Austrian empire. See def. 2. II. n. 1. A native of ancient Illyricum. The Illyrians were perhaps allied to the Thracians, and are now represented by the Albanians.2. An inhabitant of the modern titular kingdom of Illyria.-3. A member of the SerboCroatian race, now living in the territory of ancient Illyricum. ilmenite (il'men-it), ". [< Ilmen (see def.) + Of this mis farinde pruyde he herde tellen ofte and i-lome. ilpa (il'pä), n. Same as illupi. Mandeville, Travels, p. 8. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image: Ex. xx. 4. I have bewept a worthy husband's death, They which honour the law as an image of the wisdom Steele, Spectator, No. 479. Can we conceive Image of aught delightful, soft, or great? Prior. Semblance; show; appearance; aspect. The portraiture of his. Shak., Hamlet, v. 2. Milton, Church-Government, Pref., ii. 5. In rhet., a metaphor so expanded as to pre- My soul, though feminine and weak, Scott, L. of the L., iv. 10. Lowell, Under the Willows. Yet a few great natures even then began to comprehend the charm and mystery which the Greeks had imaged in their Pan. J. A. Symonds, Italy and Greece, p. 243. 2. To present to the mental vision; exhibit a mental picture of; portray to the imagination. The Flight of Satan to the Gates of Hell is finely imaged. Addison, Spectator, No. 309. 3. To form a likeness of in the mind; call up a mental image or perception of; imagine. Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore, imageable (im'aj-a-bl), a. [< image + -able.] But a voice Is wanting; the deep truth is imageless. Shelley. Now this more peer-les learned imager, imagery (im'āj-ri or -er-i), n. [< ME. imagerie, Giue euery one his particular name, as Resemblance by Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 127. I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery. Dryden. That poverty of thought and profusion of imagery which are at once the defect and the compensation of all youthful poetry. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 215. 4. Mental representation; formation of images in the mind; fanciful or fantastic imagination. It might be a mere dream which he saw; the imagery of a melancholick fancy. Bp. Atterbury. What can thy imagery of sorrow mean? 2992 I. a. 1. Existing only in imagination or fancy; Besides real diseases, we are subject to many that are Prior, Solomon, ii. image-worship (imʼaj-wėr ship), n. The worship of images; as a term of reproach, the worship of idols; idolatry. The veneration of images, as the crucifix, or paintings or statues of the Virgin Mary or of the saints, is practised in the Roman Catholic and Oriental churches. The Roman Catholic doctrine concerning such veneration is, "that the images of Christ, of the Vir gin Mother of God, and of the other saints, are to be had and retained particularly in temples, and that due honor,+d, upon the assumption that dy/dx is real. and veneration are to be given them; not that any divinity, or virtue, is believed to be in them, on account of which they are to be worshipped; or that any thing is to be asked of them; or that trust is to be reposed in images, as was of old done by the Gentiles, who placed their hope in idols; but because the honor which is shown them is referred to the prototypes which those images represent; in such wise that by the images which we kiss, and before which we uncover the head and prostrate ourselves, we adore Christ, and we venerate the saints whose similitude they bear.' Decrees of the Council of Trent (quoted in Schaff's "Creeds of Christendom," II. 201). imagilett, n. [< It. as if *imagiletto, ‹ imagine, immagine, image: see image and -let.] A small image. Italy affords finer alabaster, whereof those imagilets wrought at Leghorn are made. Fuller, Worthies, Staffordshire, III. 124. imaginable (i-maj'i-na-bl), a. [<F. imaginable = Pr. ymaginable = Sp. imaginable = Pg. imaginavel It. imaginabile, now immaginabile, also immaginevole, ML. imaginabilis, L. imaginari, imagine: see imagine.] Capable of being imagined or conceived. He ran into all the extravagances imaginable. Steele, Spectator, No. 82. imaginableness (i-maj'i-na-bl-nes), n. The We found it so exceeding (and scarce imaginably) difficult a matter to keep out the air from getting at all in at any imperceptible hole or flaw. Boyle, Works, I. 10. imaginal (i-maj'i-nal), a. [= OF. imaginal, LL. imaginalis, figurative, ‹ L. imago (imagin-), image, figure: see image.] 1. Characterized by imagination; imaginative. [Rare.]-2. Given to the use of rhetorical figures or images. North British Rev. [Rare.]-3. In entom., of or pertaining to the imago or perfect state of an in sect. Imaginal disk. See the extract. The apodal maggot [of Muscido], when it leaves the egg, carries in the interior of its body certain regularly arranged discoidal masses of indifferent tissue, which are termed imaginal disks. . . . As the imaginal disks de velop, the preexisting organs contained in the head and thorax of the larva undergo complete or partial resolution. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 386. imaginant+ (i-maj'i-nant), a. and n. [= F. imaginant It. immaginante, <L. imaginan(t-)s, ppr. of imaginari, imagine: see imagine.] Ì. a. Imagining; conceiving. And (we will enquire) what the force of imagination is, either upon the body imaginant, or upon another body. Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 900. II. n. One who imagines; an imaginer. It is an inquiry of great depth and worth concerning imagination, how and how far it altereth the body proper of the imaginant. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 186. Story is full of the wonders it works upon hypochondrical imaginants; to whom the grossest absurdities are infallible certainties, and free reason an impostour. Glanville, Vanity of Dogmatizing, xi. imaginarily (i-maj'i-na-ri-li), adv. By means of the imagination; in imagination. You make her tremble; imaginariness (i-maj'i-na-ri-nes), n. The con- quadratic equation, as Ax2 + B + C = 0, is said to have has nothing to do with imaginaries. The greater part of the known propositions of higher analytical geometry are nation. II. n.; pl. imaginaries (-riz). In alg., an ima- Whereas the imaginate facultie of other living creatures < = = imagine Experience techith that colerik men geueth to summe magynaciouns, and sangueyn men ben ocupied aboute summe othere ymagynaciouns. Book of Quinte Essence (ed. Furnivall), p. 17. My brain, methinks, is like an hour-glass, Wherein my imaginations run like sands. B. Jonson, Every Man in his Humour, iii. 2. He that uses the word "tarantula " without having any imagination or idea of what it stands for pronounces a good word, but so long means nothing at all by it. Locke, Human Understanding, III. x. 32. 3. The act of devising, planning, or scheming; a contrivance; scheme; device; plot. Wenynge is no wysdome ne wyse ymagynacioun, Homo proponit et deus disponit and gouerneth alle good Piers Plowman (B), xx. 33. Thou hast seen all their vengeance and all their imagi nations against me. Lam. iii. 60. vertues. I was at my wits' end, and was brought into many imaginations what to do. Capt. R. Bodenham (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 35). 4. A baseless or fanciful opinion. For my purpose of proceeding in the profession of the law, so far as to a title, you may be pleased to correct that imagination where you find it. Donne, Letters, xxxii. We are apt to think that space, in itself, is actually boundless; to which imagination the idea of space or expansion of itself naturally leads us. Locke, Human Understanding, II. xvii. 4. Combinatory imagination. See combinatory.— Creative imagination. See creative. Syn. 1. Imagination, Fancy. By derivation and early use fancy has the same meaning as imagination, but the words have become more and more distinctly separated. (See Wordsworth's preface to his "Lyrical Ballads.") Imagination is the more profound, earnest, logical. Fancy is lighter, more sportive, and often more purely creative. We call "Hamlet" and "Macbeth" works of Shakspere's imagination, the "Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Tempest" of his fancy. Consider for a moment if ever the Imagination has been so embodied as in Prospero, the Fancy as in Ariel, the brute Understanding as in Caliban. Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 199. Warm glowing colors fancy spreads On objects not yet known. Mrs. H. More, David and Goliath, ii. imaginational (i-maj-i-na'shon-al), a. [<imagination +-al.] Of or relating to the imagination; imaginary. imaginative (i-maj'i-na-tiv), a. [< ME. imaginatif, < OF. (and F.) imaginatif = Pr. ymaginaSp. Pg. imaginativo It. immaginativo, < ML. imaginativus, ‹ L. imaginari, pp. imaginatus, imagine: see imagine.] 1. Forming images; endowed with imagination; given to imagining: as, the imaginative faculty; an imaginative person. tiu = imagination. = I think it [the third canto of the Purgatorio] the most perfect passage of its kind in the world, the most imagi native, the most picturesque. Macaulay, Dante. The more indolent and imaginative complexion of the Eastern nations makes them much more impressible. Emerson, Eloquence. Milton had a highly imaginative, Cowley a very fanci ful mind. Coleridge. Of all people children are the most imaginative. Macaulay, Mitford's Hist. Sir Thomas Browne, our most imaginative mind since Shakespeare. Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 153. imagination (i-maj-i-na'shon), n. [ME. imagination; exhibiting or indicating the faculty of 2. Characterized by or resulting from imaginacioun, ymaginacioun, < OF. ymagination, ymaginacion, F. imagination Pr. ymaginatio, emagenassio Sp. imaginacion = Pg. imaginação: It. immaginazione, L. imaginatio(n-), imagination, imaginari, imagine: see imagine.] 1. The act or faculty of forming a mental image of an object; the act or power of presenting to consciousness objects other than those directly and at that time produced by the action of the senses; the act or power of reproducing or recombining remembered images of sense- 3t. objects; especially, the higher form of this power exercised in poetry and art. Imagination is commonly divided into reproductive and productive; reproductive imagination being the act or faculty of reproducing images stored in the memory, under the suggestion of associated images; productive imagination being the creative imagination which designedly recombines former experiences into new images. The phrase productive imagination is also used in the Kantian philosophy to denote the pure transcendental imagination, or that faculty by which the parts of the intuitions of space and time are combined into continua. The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen Such tricks hath strong imagination; Shak., M. N. D., v. 1. It is evident that true imagination is vastly different from fancy; far from being merely a playful outcome of mental activity, a thing of joy and beauty only, it per forms the initial and essential functions in every branch of human development. Maudsley, Body and Will, p. 201. 2. An image in the mind; a formulated conception or idea. His [Elfred's] love of strangers, his questionings of trav ellers and scholars, betray an imaginative restlessness. J. R. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 168. Inquisitive; suspicious; jealous. Nothyng list hym to been ymaginatuf, If any wight had spoke whil he was oute To hire [her] of love, he hadde of it no doubt. Chaucer, Franklin's Tale, 1. 366. The kynge enclyned well thereto, but the duke of Burgoyne, who was sage and ymagynatyue, wolde nat agree therto. Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., II. clxxxi. =Syn. Inventive, creative, poetical. See imaginary. imaginatively (i-maj'i-na-tiv-li), adv. In an imaginative manner; with or by the exercise of imagination. To write imaginatively a man should have-imagination! Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 35. imaginativeness (i-maj'i-na-tiv-nes), n. The quality of being imaginative. imagine (i-maj'in), v.; pret. and pp. imagined, ppr. imagining. [< ME. imaginen, imagenen, OF. ymaginer, imaginer, F. imaginer = Pr. imaginar, ymaginar, emaginar = Sp. Pg. imaginar = It. immaginare, < L. imaginari, picture to oneself, fancy, imagine, < imago (imagin-), a copy, likeness, image: see image.] I. trans. 1. To form a mental image of; produce by the imagination; especially, to construct by the productive imagination. For to have bettere understondynge, I seye thus, Be ther ymagyned a Figure that hathe a gret Compas; and |