jakes Christ himselfe, speaking of unsavory traditions, scruples not to name the Dunghill and the Jakes. Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus. jakes-farmert (jāks'fär mer), n. [< jakes + farmer.] One who contracted to clean out privies; a scavenger. Nay, I will embrace a Jakes-farmer. Marston, The Fawne, ii. 1. Nay, we are all signiors here in Spain, from the jakes Fletcher (and another), Love's Cure, ii. 1. jakie (ja'ki), n. [S. Amer.] A South American frog, Pseudis paradoxa, of a greenish color marked with brown, belonging to the family Cystignathida. See Pseudis. jako (jak'ō), n. jak-tree, n. jak-wood, n. See jack-wood. farmer to the grandee or adelantado. See jacko, 2. See jack-tree. ap), n. Jack-wood also jalop; F. = = jalap Pg. jalapa It. jalappa, Sp. jalapa, jalap, so called from Jalapa, or Xalapa, a city of Mexico, whence it is imported.] A drug consisting of the tuberous roots of several plants of the natural order Convolvulacea, that of Ipomea purga being the most important. This is a twining herbaceous plant, with cordate-acuminate, sharply auricled leaves, and elegant salver-shaped deep-pink flowers, growing naturally on the eastern declivities of the Mexican Andes, at an elevation of from 5,000 to 8,000 feet. The jalap of commerce consists of irregular ovoid dark-brown roots, varying from the size of an egg to that of a hazelnut, but occasionally as large as a man's fist. Jalap is one of the most common purgatives, but is apt to gripe and nauseate. Male jalap, or orizaba-root, is from Ipomea Oriza bensis, and Tampico jalap from 1. simulans.-Indian jalap, the product of Ipomea Turpethum, a native of India and the Pacific islands. It is inferior to the true jalap, but is free from the nauseous taste and smell of that drug. See Ipomea. Jalapa (jal'a-pä), n. [NL. (Moench, 1794), <Sp. jalapa, jalap: see jalap.] A genus of plants, a species of which was supposed to be the source of jalap. Now referred to Mirabilis. jalapic (ja-lap'ik), a. [jalap + -ic.] Pertaining to or consisting of jalap or jalapin.-Jalapic acid, C34H60018, an acid produced, with assimilation of water, by dissolving jalapin in aqueous solutions of the alkalis or alkaline earths. jalapin (jal'a-pin), n. [< jalap + -in2.] A glucoside resin which is one of the purgative principles of jalap and of various plants of the convolvulaceous order. See jalap. jalap-plant (jal'ap-plant), n. The plant that produces jalap. jalee, jali (jä'lē), n. [< Ind. jāli, a network, lattice, grating, Skt. jala, net.] Pierced screenwork, especially in marble or stone, characteristic of Indian house-decoration under Moslem jaleo (Sp. pron. hä-la'ō), n. [Sp., prop. genteelness, jauntiness.] A lively Spanish dance. jalet (F. pron. zha-la), n. [F. jalet; perhaps the same as galet1, q. v.] A stone selected or shaped influence. for use with the stone-bow. See stone-bow. jali, n. See jalee. jalopt (jal'op), n. An obsolete form of jalap. jalous, a. An obsolete or dialectal form of jealous. jalouse (ja-löz'), v. t.; pret. and pp. jaloused, ppr. jalousing. A dialectal (Scotch) form of jealous. They jaloused the opening of our letters at Fairport. jalousiet, n. An obsolete form of jealousy. jalousie (zha-lö-zē′), n. [F. jalousie, jealousy, a lattice window or shutter: see jealousy.] 1. A blind or shutter made with slats, which are usually set at an angle so as to exclude the sun and rain while allowing the air to enter.-2. pl. The whole surface or inclosure of a gallery, veranda, or the like, formed of a series of slatted frames (see def. 1), of which some may be fixed and some may open on hinges. jam1 (jam), v.; pret. and pp. jammed, ppr. jamming. [Formerly jamb; of dial. origin; prob. another form (sonant j from surd ch; cf. jawl, jowl) of cham, chew or champ, being the same as champ, chew or bite, also tread heavily: see champ1.] I. trans. 1. To press; squeeze; thrust or press down or in with force or violence; thrust or squeeze in so as to stick fast; press or crowd in such a manner as to prevent motion or hinder extrication. The ship, which by its building was Spanish, stuck fast, jammed in between two rocks; all the stern and quarters of her were beaten to pieces with the sea. Defoe, Robinson Crusoe. 2. To fill full; block up; prevent the movement of by pressure, crowding, etc. 3216 3. To tread hard or make firm by treading, as land is trodden hard by cattle. [Prov. Eng. and U. S.]-Jamming friction, in mech., friction produced by the jamming or pinching action of cams, eccentric-rollers, knots in ropes, loops of ropes about snubbing parts, belaying-pins, etc.-To jam out, in coal-mining, to cut or knock away the spurns in holing. [South Staffordshire, Eng.] II. intrans. To become wedged together or in place, as by violent impact; stick fast: as, the door jams. jam1 (jam), n. [< jam1, v.] 1. A crush; a squeeze; pressure by thrusting or crowding. Yet onward still the gathering numbers cram, Contending crowders shout the frequent damn, And all is bustle, squeeze, row, jabbering, and jam. J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses. jamb-post window, or chimney, which helps to bear the lintel or other member overhead serving to sustain or discharge the superincumbent weight of the wall. ... On the other side stood the stately palace of Dultibie, . . in which were dores and jaumes of Ivory. Sandys, Travailes, p. 93. The jambs or flanking stones [of stairs] are also adorned by either figures of animals or bas-reliefs. J. Fergusson, Hist. Indian Arch., p. 198. 4. In mining, a mass of mineral or stone in a quarry or pit standing upright, and more or less distinct from neighboring or adjoining parts. Also spelled jam. jamb2t, v. An obsolete spelling of jam1. jambe (jamb), n. 1t. An obsolete form of jamb1. 2. A crowd of objects irregularly and tightly-2. [ÖF.: see jamb1. Cf. jambieres.] Armor Pressed together by arrest of their movement; a block, as of people, vehicles, or floating logs. the steadiest foot upon a squirming log. The surest eye for a road or for the weak point of a jam, Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 111. jam2 (jam), n. [Origin uncertain; there is not sufficient evidence to connect it with jam1, press, squeeze (cf. dial. jammock, a soft pulpy substance, also beat, squeeze), or with Ar. jamid, congealed, concrete, motionless, jamd (Pers.), congelation, concretion, jamada, thicken, freeze, congeal (cf. jelly). Cf. rob2, a conserve of fruit, also of Ar. origin.] A conserve of fruits prepared by boiling them to a pulp in water with sugar. "We should like some cakes after dinner," answered Master Harry, .. "and two apples-and jam." Dickens, Boots at the Holly Tree Inn. ... jam3, n. Another spelling of jamb1, 4. jamadar, n. See jemidar. Jamaica bark, bilberry, birch, buckthorn, cherry, cobnut, fan-palm, etc. See bark2, etc. Jamaican (ja-ma'kan), a. and n. [ Jamaica (see def.) +-an.] I. a. Of, pertaining to, or obtained from the island of Jamaica in the West Indies, south of Cuba, now belonging to Great Britain, but formerly (1509-1655) to Spain. II. n. A native or an inhabitant of Jamaica, the population of which is chiefly black or col ored. = = jamb1 (jam), n. [Formerly also jaumb, jaumbe, jaum; ME. jambe, jaumbe, jamne, < OF. jambe, leg, shank, ham, corbel, pier, side post of a door (in the last sense also, in mod. F. exclusively, jambage); Sp. gamba, OSp. camba Pg. gambia It. gamba, the leg,<LL. gamba, a hoof (ML. in deriv. the leg, camba, leg-armor, jambe), orig. *camba, perhaps of Celtic origin (cf. W. cam, crooked, E. cam2, q. v.), but in any case connected with L. camur, crooked, camera, camara, Gr. Kaμápa, a vault, chamber (E. camera, camber2, chamber, etc., q. v.), and ult. with E. ham1, q.v. From LL. gamba are also ult. gamb, gamba, gambade, gambit, gambol, gammon2, etc., and words following.] 1t. A leg.-21. The side or cheek of a helmet or shield. Vnioynis the Jamnys that iuste were to-gedur. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 939. 3. In arch., a side or vertical piece of any opening or aperture in a wall, such as a door, Church of St. Genest, Nevers, France; 12th century. J, J, jambs. (From Viollet-le-Duc's "Dict. de l'Architecture.") for the leg, sometimes made of cuir-bouilli, but most frequently of metal, much used during the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries. See solleret, and second cut under armor.-3. jambe2t, a. [ME.,<OF. jambe (F. jambé), legged, In her., same as gamb. i. e. well-legged, able to run fast, < jambe, leg: see jamb1.] Swift. One a jambe stede this jurnee he makes. Morte Arthure (E. E. T. 8), 1. 2895. jambeaust, jambeuxt, n. pl. [ME. (used archaically in Spenser, spelled giambeaux, giambeux); <OF. as if *jambel, pl. *jambeux (not found), < jambe, leg: see jambi, jambe1.] Leggings; leg armor. His jambeux were of cuyrboilly. Chaucer, Sir Thopas, 1. 164. The mortall steele despiteously entayld Deepe in their flesh, quite through the yron walles, That a large purple streame adowne their giambeux falles. Spenser, F. Q., II. vi. 29. jambeet (jam-be'), n. [Origin obscure.] A light cane carried by men of fashion in England in the eighteenth century. "Sir Timothy," says Charles, "I am concerned that you, whom I took to understand canes better than any baronet in town, should be so overseen! Why, sir Timothy, your's is a true Jambee, and esquire Empty's only a plain Dragon." jambeuxt, n. pl. See jambeaus. Jambieres (F. pron. zhon-be-ar'), n. [OF. (F. jambières), armor for a leg, also leg, earlier gambiere It. gambiera ML. reflex gamberia (also simply camba), OF. jambe, etc., the leg: see jambi.] Leg-pieces or leggings of leather, strong plaited cordage, or other resistant material, used by huntsmen and varlets of the chase in the middle ages as a defense against brambles and underbrush. jambolana, jambolan (jam-bo-lä'nä, jam'bōlan), n. [E. Ind.] An East Indian tree, Eugenia Jambolana, with hard and durable wood and edible fruit. jambone (jam'bon), n. [Cf. jamboree, 2.] In the game of euchre, a lone hand in which the player exposes his cards and must lead one selected by an opponent, scoring 8 points if he takes all the tricks, otherwise only as for an ordinary hand. Such hands are played by agreement, not as a regular feature of the game. The American Hoyle. jamborandi (jam-boran'di), n. Same as jaborandi. jamboree (jam-bore'), n. [A slang word, prob. arbitrary.] 1. A carousal; a noisy drinkingbout; a spree; hence, any noisy merrymaking. [Slang.] jamb-post an upright timber at the side of an aperture, as of a doorway, window, fireplace, etc. jamb-shaft (jam'shaft), n. In arch., a small shaft having a capital and a base, placed against or forming part of the jamb of a door or window. Such shafts occur most frequently in medieval architecture. See cut on preceding page. jambu (jam'bö), n. [< E. Ind. jambu (Hind. jaman, jamun).] The rose-apple tree, Eugenia Jambos. jambul (jam'bul), n. [E. Ind.] A small evergreen tree of India. The bark and seeds are said to be serviceable in diabetes. jamdani (jam-dä'ni), n. [Hind. jamdānī, a kind of cloth with flowers interwoven, <jama (< Pers. jama), a garment, robe, vest (cloth), + dānī, bountiful, liberal (rich ?).] A variety of Dacca muslin woven in designs of flowers. jamesonite (jam'son-it), n. [Named after Prof. Jameson of Edinburgh (died 1854). The surname Jameson stands for James's son; for James, see jack1.] A native sulphid of antimony and lead, commonly occurring in fibrous masses, sometimes in capillary forms (feather-ore). It has a lead-gray color and metallic luster. Jamestown weedt. Same as jimson-weed. jamesweed (jāmz'wēd), n. Same as jacobæa. [Prov. Eng.] jameswort (jamz'wert), n. Same as jacobæa. [Prov. Eng.] jamewar (jam'e-wär), n. [E. Ind.] A goat'shair cloth made in Cashmere and the neighboring countries. The name is especially given to the striped Cashmere shawls, of which the stripes are filled with minute patterns in vivid color. jamidar, n. See jemidar. jam-nut (jam'nut), n. [<jam1 + nut.] In mach., a nut fitted to a bolt and screwed down hard (jammed) against a principal or holding nut, to keep the latter from working loose through vibrations, jars, or shocks. Also called nutlock. jampan (jam pan), n. [E. Ind.] In the East Indies, a solid sedan-chair supported between two thick bamboo poles set crosswise and borne by four men. jampanee (jam-pa-ne'), n. [Hind. jampani, < jampan.] A bearer of a jampan. jamrach (jam'rak), n. [From Jamrach, the name of the proprietor of the largest and bestknown of these in Ratcliff Highway [7], London.] A place for the keeping and sale of wild animals, such as are wanted for menageries and circuses. janissary+, janisert, n. Obsolete forms of janizary. janitor (jan'i-tor), n. [< L. janitor, a doorkeeper, janua, a door.] 1. A doorkeeper; a < porter. jangle (jang'gl), v.; pret. and pp. jangled, ppr. = These fals lovers, in this tyme now present, Thei serue to boste, to Iangle as a lay. Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 77. Jangling is whan man speketh to moche before folk, and clappeth as a mille, and taketh no kepe what he seith. Chaucer, Parson's Tale. 2. To quarrel; altercate; bicker; wrangle; grumble. And qwo-so jangle in time of drynk. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 79. Shak., L. L. L., ii. 1, 227. 3. To sound discordant or harsh; make harsh discord. It is the bane and torment of our ears Milton, P. L., xii. 55. II. trans. 1t. To gossip; contend; tell. Yet that there should be such a jail as they jangle and such fashions as they feign is plainly impossible. Tyndale, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (Parker Soc., [1850), p. 281. jamrosade (jam'ro-zād), n. [Appar., accom. to E. rose, for jambosade, from the native name jambos or its NL. form jambosa.] The fruit of the East Indian tree Eugenia Jambos; the 2. To cause to sound harsh or inharmonious; rose-apple. jam-weld (jam'weld), n. A weld in which the heated ends or edges of the parts are squarebutted against each other and welded. E. H. Knight. Jan. An abbreviation of January. janapum (jan'a-pum), n. [E. Ind.] The Bengal or Sunn hemp. See hemp. janca-tree (jang'kä-tre), n. [< W. Ind. janca + E. tree.] A West Indian tree, Amyris balsamifera, of the natural order Rutacea. Also called white candlewood. jane (jan), n. [Also written jean; ME. jane (cf. ML. januinus), a coin, Jean, OF. Genes, Jannes, etc., mod. F. Gênes, It. Genova, Genoa, E. now Genoa, L. Genua, ML. also Janua, a city in Italy. Cf. florin, florence, bezant, and other names of coins, of local origin.] 1+. A small silver coin of Genoa imported into England by foreign merchants, especially in the fifteenth century. Compare galley-halfpenny. His robe was of ciclatoun, That coste many a jane. Chaucer, Sir Thopas, 1. 24. The first which then refused me (said hee) 2. Same as jean, 2. jane-of-apes (jan'ov-aps), n. [Formed from Jane, a fem. name (also Jean, < ME. Jane, Jean, < OF. Jeanne, < ML. Joanna, fem. of Joannes, John: see John, and cf. joan), in imitation of jackanapes for #jack-of-apes: see jackanapes, and cf. Johnanapes.] A pert girl: the female counterpart of jackanapes. [Rare.] Poliph. But we shall want a woman. cause to emit discordant sounds. And I, of ladies most deject and wretched, That suck'd the honey of his music vows, Now see that noble and most sovereign reason, Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh. Shak., Hamlet, iii. 1. 3. To utter in a discordant or inharmonious manner. Ere Monkish Rhimes Prior, Protogenes and Apelles. jangle (jang'gl), n. [< ME. jangle; jangle, v.] 1t. Idle talk; chatter; babble. This somonour that was as full of jangles, 2. Altercation; wrangle; quarrel. Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 570. Gifford, Mæviad, 3. Discordant sound. The mad jangle of Matilda's lyre. 4. A seaweed, Laminaria digitata. janglert (jang'gler), n. [<ME. jangler, janglere, <OF. jangleor, gengleour, janglerres (= Pr. janglador, janglaire), a chatterer, talkative person; jangler, jangle, chatter: see jangle.] An idle talker; a story-teller; a gossip. A jangler is to God abhominable. Robene and Makyne (Child's Ballads, IV. 249). jangleresst (jang'glér-es), n. [ME. jangleresse; <jangler +-ess.] A female gossip; a talkative woman. Th' Hesperian dragon not more fierce and fell; Nor the gaunt, growling janitor of hell. Smollett, Advice, A Satire. A man employed to take charge of rooms or buildings, to see that they are kept clean and in order, to lock and unlock them, and generally to care for them. janitress (jan'i-tres), n. [< janitor + -ess. Cf. janitrix.] A female janitor. janitrix (jan'i-triks), n. [L., fem. of janitor, q. v.] 1. A female janitor; a janitress.-24. The portal vein, or vena portæ, of the liver. Janiveret, n. [< ME. Janivere, Janyvere, Janyver, Janver, Jeniver, < OF. Janvier, F. Janvier, January: see January.] January. Time sure hath wheel'd about his yeare, Cleaveland, Char. of London Diurnall (1647). janizart (janʼi-zär), n. See janizary. janizarian (jan-i-za'ri-an), a. [Formerly also janisarian; janizary +-an.] Pertaining to the janizaries or their government. = I never shall so far injure the janisarian republick of Algiers as to put it in comparison, for every sort of crime, turpitude, and oppression, with the jacobin republick of Paris. Burke, A Regicide Peace, i. janizary (jan'i-za-ri), n.; pl. janizaries (-riz). [Formerly also janisary, janissary, sometimes janizar, janiser, jannizer; OF. jannissaire, F. janissaire Sp. Pg. genizaro, Pg. also janizaro = It. giannizzero = D. janisaar = G. janitschar (ML. janizari, pl.), Turk. yenicheri (in part conformed to the It.), lit. 'new troops,' yeni, new, 'asker, army, soldier, pl. asakir, soldiers, Ar. 'askar, army, troop, askariy, Pers. 'askari, a soldier.] One of a former body of Turkish infantry, constituting the Sultan's guard and the main standing army, first organized in the fourteenth century, and until the latter part of the seventeenth century largely recruited from compulsory conscripts and converts taken from the Rayas or Christian subjects. In later times Turks and other Mohammedans joined the corps on account of the various privileges attached to it. The body became large, and very powerful and turbulent, often controlling the destiny of the government; and after a revolt purposely provoked by the Sultan Mahmoud II. in 1826, many thousand janizaries were massacred, and the organization was abolished. Immediatly came officers & appointed Ianisers to beare fro vs our presents. Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 170. But Selymus subduing Aegypt, the tombe was defaced, and ransackt by his Janizaries. Sandys, Travailes, p. 106. Janizary music, music performed by a band largely composed of percussive instruments, such as drums, cymbals, triangles, etc., with some shrill oboes and flutes: so called because arranged in imitation of the bands and music of the janizaries. Also called Turkish music. janker (jang ker), n. [Origin obscure; cf. yank1, v.] A long pole on two wheels, used in Scotland for transporting logs of wood, etc. [Scotch.] jann (jan), n. [Pers. jān, soul, life, spirit.] In Mohammedan myth., an inferior kind of demon; a jinn; one of the least powerful, according to of Mohammedan genii. The jann are said to have a tradition from the Prophet, of the five orders been created by God 2,000 years before Adam. Al-jann is sometimes used as a name for Iblis, the father of the jinns. janner (jan'ér), v. i. Same as jauner, jaunder. [Scotch.] jannis, n. An obsolete or dialectal form of jaundice. A cake or bannock. jannock (jan 'ok), n. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] Mattie gae us baith a drap skimmed milk, and ane o' her thick ait jannocks, that was as wat an' raw as a divot. Scott, Rob Roy, xiv. Jansenism Jansenism (janʼsen-izm), n. [< Jansen (see Where were dainty ducks and jant ones, janti, v. and n. See jaunt1. = = janty-car, n. Same as jaunting-car. January (jan'u-a-ri), n. [< ME. January (also Janivere, Janyvere, etc., after OF.: see Janivere) =OF. and F. Janvier Pr. Januer, Januier, Genovier, Genoyer = Sp. Enero = Pg. Janeiro It. Gennajo, Gennaro = D. Januarij G. Dan. JanuarŚw. Januari, L. Januarius (sc. mensis), the month of Janus,< Janus, Janus: see Janus.] The first month of the year, according to present and the later Roman reckoning, consisting of thirty-one days. Abbreviated Jan. Januayst, a. and n. An obsolete form of Geno ese. Januform (jā'nu-fôrm), a. [< L. Janus, Janus, + forma, form.] Having the form of Janusthat is, two-faced. [Rare.] The supposition was that the statue was to be Januform. with Playfair's face on one side and Stewart's on the other; and it certainly would effect a reduction in price, though it would be somewhat singular. Sydney Smith, To Francis Jeffrey. Janus (jā'nus), n. [L., prob. orig. *Dianus, like fem. Jana for Diana, being thus etymologically = Gr. Zip, a form of Zeus, L. Jovis, Jupiter (cf. LL. Januspater): see deity, Diana, Jove, Jupiter. The assumed connection with janua, a door, is prob. due to popular etymology.] 1. A primitive Italic solar divinity regarded among the Romans as the doorkeeper of heaven and the especial patron of the beginning and ending of all undertakings. As the protector of doors and gateways, he was represented as holding a staff or scepter in the right hand and a key in the left; and, as the god of the sun's rising and setting, he had two faces, one looking to the east, the other to the west. His temple at Rome was kept open in time of war, and was closed only in the rare event of universal peace. Your faction then belike is a subtile Janus, and has two faces. Milton, On Def. of Humb. Remonst. Hence-2. A doorkeeper. [Rare.] They differ herein from the Turkish Religion, that they haue certaine idoll puppets made of silke or like stuffe, of the fashion of a man, which they fasten to the doore of their walking houses, to be as Ianusses or keepers of their house. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 421. 3. [NL.] A genus of hymenopterous insects of the family Uroceride, resembling Cephus, but distinguished from it by the filiform antennæ. There is one European species, J. connectus, and one North American, J. flaviventris. Janus-cloth (jā'nus-klôth), n. A textile fabric, the color of one face of which is different from that of the other: used for reversible garments. Janus-cord (jā'nus-kôrd), n. A kind of rep made of woolen and cotton, the cord or rib showing on both sides alike. Janus-faced (jā'nus-fast), a. Having two faces; two-faced; hence, double-dealing; deceitful. Janus-headed (jā'nus-hed" ed), a. Doubleheaded. Janvert, n. See Janivere. Jap (jap), n. [Short for Japanese.] A Japanese. [Colloq., U. S.] Jap. A common abbreviation of Japanese. 3218 Japalura (jap-a-lu'rë), n. [NL.] A genus of lizards of the family Agamida. There are several species, found in Sikhim, Formosa, and the Loochoo islands. japalure (jap ́a-lūr), n. An agamoid lizard of the genus Japalura: as, the variegated japalure, J. variegata. = Japan (ja-pan'), a. and n. [Prop., as an adj., attrib. use (Japan varnish, work, etc.) of the name of the country called Japan (D. Dan. Sw. G. Japan - F. Sp. Japon = Pg. Japão = It. Giappone = Russ. Yaponiya), Chin. Jih-pun (Jap. Nihon or Nippon), lit. 'sunrise' (that is, the East, the Japanese archipelago lying to the east of China), jih (Jap. ni), the sun, + pun (Jap. pon or hon), root, foundation, origin. The name was introduced into Europe by the Dutch or Portuguese.] I. a. Of or pertaining to Japan: as, Japan varnish (now written "japan varnish," without reference to the country); Japan work, etc.-Japan allspice, anemone, camphor, etc. See the nouns.-Japan clover, the leguminous plant Lespedeza striata, a native of China and Japan, introduced, perhaps with tea-boxes, into the southern part of the United States about the year 1840, since which time it has spread throughout the Southern States. Its purplish flowers are minute and axillary, the pod one-seeded. The leaves are trifoliate, very small, but numerous. The root is perennial, strikes deep, and resists drought. It thrives in good soil or poor, in the former growing erect and bushy, sometimes two feet high. It is highly valued for pasturage and for hay.-Japan colors. See color.Japan earth. Same as Terra Japonica (which see, under terra).-Japan globe-flower. See Kerria.-Japan wax. See wax. II. n. [l.c.] 1. Work varnished and figured in the manner practised by the natives of Japan. On shining altars of Japan they raise The silver lamp; the fiery spirits blaze. Pope, R. of the L., iii. 107. 2. A liquid having somewhat the nature of a varnish, made by cooking gum shellac with linseed-oil in a varnish-kettle. Litharge or some similar material is also usually added to quicken the drying of the resulting japan. When it has been cooked down to a very thick mass termed a "pill," it is allowed to cool, and is then thinned down with turpentine. Japan is a tency of varnish. A thin surface of it dries in from fifteen light-colored brownish-yellow liquid, of about the consisto thirty minutes. It is used principally as a medium in grinding japan colors. A small portion added to ordinary house-paints makes them dry more rapidly, hence it is sometimes called japan drier. They were stained. . . in imitation of maple, but far less skilfully. Sometimes they were a black japan. Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 330. jape models not differing greatly from those of neighboring Asiatic countries. But the decoration shows the true artistic spirit; there is richness of carving, inlaying of bronze, gold, and precious woods, and brilliant color, but no excess or heaviness, and no masking of structural elements. In painting and the kindred arts the highest but the refined and true drawing of animals and plants, study, that of the human figure, has not been mastered; with accurate representation of swift motion, and the harmonious use of color, are alike remarkable. In sculpture, especially in bronze and wood, the same subjects are treated with the same qualities and the same success. The technic of the Japanese bronzes especially has never been attained by other peoples. Lacquered ware, embossed in gold and colors, represents another industry in which the Japanese are unrivaled. Their pottery and porcelain, though of great beauty, is perhaps excelled by that of the Chinese. In textile fabrics, embroidery, wall-papers, etc., the exactness of observation and mastery of technical rendering alike of Japanese artist and workman produce admirable results.-Japanese bantam, a quaint ornamental variety of bantam with short yellow legs, and plumage white with the exception of the tail, which is black. The tail is very large, and is carried so upright that in the cock it almost touches the head; and the wings droop so as nearly to reach the ground.-Japanese box. Same as Chinese box. See Euonymus.-Japanese cypress, one Cervus sika.-Japanese elm. Same as keaki.-Japanese of various species of Chamaecyparis.- Japanese deer, vy. See ivy1.-Japanese long-tailed fowls, a breed of the domestic hen developed in Japan, similar in form to a game or a small Malay, but characterized by the remarkable length of the trailing sickle-feathers of the cock, which frequently attain six or seven feet, and sometimes much more. Also known as Phenix, Shinotawaro, or Yokohama fowls.Japanese pasque-flower, persimmon, quince, silk, yam, etc. See the nouns. II. n. 1. sing. and pl. A native or natives of Japan, an island empire in the Pacific ocean, lying to the east of Corea, consisting of four large islands and from three to four thousand smaller ones. The Japanese style their own country Nihon (or Nippon) (see Japan, etymology), or Dai Nihon (or Nippon), Great Nihon, and sometimes Yamato, from the name of the region in which the old capital was situ ated. 2. The language of the inhabitants of Japan. It is an agglutinative language, and often claimed, on doubtful grounds, to belong to the Ural-Altaic family, as related especially with Mongol and Manchu. Japanesque (jap-a-nesk'), a. [< Japan + -esque.] Resembling the Japanese, or what is Japanese; akin to Japanese; imitating the JapJapanism (ja-panʼizm), n. [= F. Japonisme; also, the study of things peculiar to Japan. as Japan + -ism.] Japanese art, customs, etc.; anese art. Japanism-a new word coined to designate a new field of study, artistic, historic, and ethnographic. Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 334. 3. An asphaltum varnish.—4t. A black cane. Japanization (ja-pan-i-za'shọn), n. The act or process of conforming, or the state of being conDavies. formed, to Japanese ideas, as of art or civilization. japanned (ja-pand ́), p. a. 1. Covered with japan, or with something resembling it in effect. Like Mercury, you must always carry a caduceus or conjuring japan in your hand, capped with a civet-box. The Quack's Academy, 1678 (Harl. Misc., II. 33). Black japan, or japan lacquer, a varnish of a jet-black color; a hard black varnish used for producing a glossyblack and enamel-like surface on iron, tin, and other materials. It is made by cooking asphaltum with linseed-oil, and thinning the resulting thick mass with turpentine. Also called japan black, black asphaltum, Brunswick black. -Old japan, Japanese porcelain which has a white ground decorated with dark blue under the glaze, and with red, green, and occasionally other enamels, with some gold. This porcelain, which is the best-known of all the Japanese decorative porcelains, is now known as Hizen or japan (ja-pan'), v. t.; pret. and pp. japanned, ppr. japanning. [< japan, n.] To varnish with japan; cover with any material which gives a hard black gloss. Imari. Two huge, black, japanned cabinets... reflecting from their polished surfaces the effulgence of the flame. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 195. Japanese (jap-a-nēs' or -nēz'), a. and n. [< F. Japonais = It. Giapponese, etc.; as Japan + -ese.] I. a. Pertaining to Japan or its inhabitants.-Japanese art, the art of Japan, an original, consistent, and strictly national development, noteworthy chiefly in the departments of industrial and of decorative art. The productions of this art are characterized by fitness for their purpose and constructive soundness, and exhibit at once delicacy of touch and freedom of hand. In architecture the groundwork is plain and simple, the Japanese Art.-Example from a native Japanese book. 2. Appearing as if varnished with japan: as, the japanned peacock, Pavo nigripennis. There is one strange fact with respect to the peacock, namely the occasional appearance in England of the ja panned or "black-shouldered" kind. Darwin, Var. of Animals and Plants, p. 305. Japanned leather. Same as patent leather (which see, under leather). japanner (ja-pan ́ėr), n. 1. One who applies japan varnish, or produces japan gloss.—2. A shoe-black. Well, but the poor- the poor have the same itch; Pope, Imit. of Horace, I. i. 156. Japanners' gilding. See gilding. japanning (ja-pan'ing), n. [Verbal n. of japan, v.] The art of coating surfaces of metal, wood, etc., with japan or varnish, which is dried and hardened by means of a high temperature in stoves or hot chambers. Japannish (ja-pan'ish), a. [ Japan + -ish1.] Of or pertaining to Japan or the Japanese; of Japanese character. [Rare.] In some of the Greek delineations (the Lycian painter, for example) we have already noticed a strange opulence of splendour, characterisable as half-legitimate, half-meretricious, a splendour hovering between the Raffaelesque and the Japannish. Carlyle, Sterling, vi. jape (jāp), v. [< ME. japen, < OF. japer, japper, F.japper Pr. japar, trifle, jest, play a trick, tr. trick, impose upon; origin uncertain.] I. intrans. To jest; joke. [Obsolete or archaic.] In his pley Tarquynyus the yonge Gan for to jape, for he was lyght of tonge. Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 1699. = He... gan his beste japes forth to caste, 2t. A trick; wile; cheat. 3219 2. To grate on the ear or the feelings; have a On easy numbers fix your happy choice; Start at his awful name, or deem his praise A jarring note. Cowper, Task, iv. 181. 3. To receive a short, rattling, tremulous motion, as from an impulse; shake joltingly. The gallery jarred with a quick and heavy tramp. R. L. Stevenson, Prince Otto, ii. 14. It is no tape, it is trouth to see. 4+. To sound or tick in vibrating, as a penduRom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 5695. lum; hence, to be marked off by regular vibraNere myn extorcioun I myghte nat lyven, tions or ticks. Nor of swich japes wol I nat be shryven. Chaucer, Friar's Tale, 1. 142. To make one a japet, to deceive one; play a trick upon one. She made hym fro the dethe escape, japert (jā'pėr), n. [< ME. japer, ‹ OF. japeur, After this comth the synne of japeres, that ben the develes apes, for they maken folk to laughe at hire japerie, as folkes doon at the gawdes of an ape. Chaucer, Parson's Tale. japeryt (jā'per-i), n. [< ME. japerie, ‹ OF. ja- Justinus, which that hated his folye, The pre-scientific Japhetian theory and the Caucasian theory of Blumenbach have long been abandoned. Abstract from I. Taylor, Nature, XXXVI. 597. II. n. A descendant of Japheth; specifically, Japhetic (ja-fet ́ik), a. [= Sp. Jafético, < NL. Japheticus, Japhetus, Japheth.] Pertaining to Japheth, one of the sons of Noah; descended, or supposed to be descended, from Japheth; Indo-European or Aryan: as, the Japhetic nations. Compare Semitic and Hamitic. japinglyt, adv. [ME. japyngely.] In a japing manner; in joke. one of the Milesian colonists of Ireland. Demosthenes his hondis onis putte In a wommanis bosum japyngely. Occleve. (Halliwell.) japonica (ja-ponʼi-kä), n. [< NL. Japonica, the specific name, fem. of Japonicus, of Japan, < Japon for Japan: see Japan.] 1. Camellia Japonica.-2. Pyrus (Cydonia) Japonica. Japonitet, n. [< Japon for Japan (see Japan) +-ite2.] A Japanese. = Some mention (beleeue it that list) neere to Iapan certaine Islands of Amazons, with which the Iaponites yearely haue both worldly and fleshly traffique. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 516. jaquima (jak'i-mä), n. [Sp. jáquima; of Ar. origin.] A horse's head-stall. [Western U.S.] jarl (jär), v.; pret. and pp. jarred, ppr. jarring. [Early mod. E. jar, jarre (besides jur, jurre); prob. a later form (with sonant j for surd ch: ef. jawl and E. dial. jarme for charm2: chirm, churm) of *char, *charre, *cherre, now spelled chirr and churr (cf. night-jar-night-churr, also churn-owl, the goatsucker, in reference to its cry), < ME. *cherren, *cherien (not found), <AS. ceorian, cerian, murmur, complain, = MD. ka rien, also koeren, koerien, D. korren, coo, OHG. kerren, MHG. kerren, kirren, G. kirren, coo, creak, crunch, Dan. kurre, coo, Sw. kurra, rumble, croak. Cf. MHG. gerren, garren, gurren, coo (also used of other sounds), G. girren, coo; prob. L. garrire, chatter, prattle, talk, also croak (as a frog), sing (as a nightingale); and Skt. Vgar, sound, akin to E. call: see calli and garrulous. Words denoting sounds, even if not orig. imitative, are subject to imitative variation. Cf. jargle and jargon1.] I. intrans. 1. To produce a brief rattling or tremulous sound; = be discordant in sound. = Sweeter soundes, of concorde, peace, and loue, The bells tolling, the owls shrieking, the toads croaking, the minutes jarring, and the clock striking twelve. Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iv. 5. To speak or talk clatteringly or discordantly; haggle; dispute; quarrel. jargon earthenware jars served the purpose of casks and barrels. See amphora, dolium, and pithos. A great jarre to be shap'd Was meant at first; why, forcing still about Thy labouring wheele, comes scarce a pitcher out? B. Jonson, tr. of Horace's Art of Poetry. Or some frail China jar receive a flaw. Pope, R. of the L., ii. 106. 2. The quantity contained in a jar; the contents of a jar. Sir, Spain has sent a thousand jars of oil. Pope, Moral Essays, iii. 56. Deflagrating jar, a glass-stoppled jar used in the lectureroom to exhibit the combustion of certain bodies in gases, as, for instance, phosphorus or sulphur in oxygen. See deflagration. Leyden Jar. [After the town where it was invented.] In elect., a condenser (which see) consisting, in its common form, of a glass jar lined inside and out with tin-foil for about two thirds of its height. A brass rod terminating in a knob connects below with the inner coating, usually by means of a loose chain. The glass surface above the coatings is usually varnished, for better insulation. For illustration, see battery.-Unit jar, a small Leyden jar furnished with two knobs (one connected to each coating), the distance between which can be varied. By connecting one knob to the prime conductor of an electrical machine, and the other to one plate of a condenser (the other plate of which is to earth), the relative value of different charges can be measured, by counting the num ber of sparks which pass between the knobs during the operation of charging. The unit is entirely arbitrary. Fletcher (and another), Elder Brother, iv. 2.jarbled, jarveled or jarvelled, ppr. jarbling, jarjarble, jarvel (järʼbl, -vel), v. t.; pret. and pp. Ye muse somwhat to far, We will not jar about the price. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2. II. trans. 1. To make discordant. Whittier, Andrew Rykman's Prayer. 3. To make rough; roughen. The face of the polishing-lap is hacked or jarred. jar1 (jär), n. [Early mod. E. jar, jarre (besides The clash of arguments and jar of words. Although there be in their words a manifest shew of jar, Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 19. Yet him whose heart is ill at ease Scott, Marmion, ii., Int. In r, the tongue is held stiffly at its whole length, by the I love thee not a jar o' the clock behind She never absolutely shuts her mouth, but leaves it al- guarra = = jar3 (jär), n. [<OF. jare, F. jarre Pr. jarra, veling or jarvelling. [See javels.] To wet; be- jardon (F. pron. zhär-dôǹ′), n. [F.,<jarde, q. v.] sound. Jargles now in yonder bush. Locke. jargoglet (järʼgog-1), v. t. [Appar. a confused He was al coltissh, ful of ragerye, Locke, Human Understanding, III. iv. 8. Specifically-2. A barbarous mixed speech, without literary monuments; a rude language resulting from the mixture of two or more discordant languages, especially of a cultivated language with a barbarous one: as, the Chinook jargon; the jargon called Pidgin-English. For my own part, besides the jargon and patois of sevSir T. Browne, Religio Medici, ii. 8. 3. Any phraseology peculiar to a sect, profession, trade, art, or science; professional slang or cant. eral provinces, I understand no less than six languages. jargon This society has a peculiar cant and jargon of their own. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, iv. 5. The conventional jargon of diplomacy, misleading everywhere, becomes tenfold more misleading in those parts of the world [southeastern Europe]. E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 403. =Syn. 1. Chatter, Babble, etc. See prattle, n. jargon1 (järʼgon), v. i. [< ME. jargonen, jargounen, OF. jargonner, jargon; from the noun.] To utter unintelligible sounds. Ful faire servise, and eke ful swete Rom. of the Rose, 1. 716. The noisy jay, Jargoning like a foreigner at his food. Longfellow, Birds of Killingworth. jargon2 (jär'gon), n. [Also jargoon; F. jargon, It. giargone, a sort of yellow diamond, perhaps Pers. zargün, gold-colored,<zar, gold, +gun, quality, color. Cf. zircon.] A colorless, yellowish, or smoky variety of the mineral zircon from Ceylon. The gray varieties are sold in Ceylon as inferior diamonds, and called Matura diamonds, because most abundant in the district of Matura. jargonelle (jär-go-nel′), n. [< F. jargonelle, a very stony variety of pear, dim. of jargon, the mineral so called: see jargon2.] 1. A variety of early pear.-2. An essence obtained from fusel-oil. jargonic (jär-gonʼik), a. [< jargon2 + -ic.] Pertaining to the mineral jargon. jargonist (jär'gon-ist), n. [ jargon1 + -ist.] One who uses a particular jargon or phraseology; one who repeats by rote popular phrases, professional slang, or the like. "And pray of what sect," said Camilla, "is this gentleman?" Of the sect of jargonists," answered Mr. Gosport; "he has not an ambition beyond paying a passing compliment, nor a word to make use of that he has not picked up at public places." Miss Burney, Cecilia, iv. 2. jargonize (järʼgon-iz), v. i.; pret. and pp. jargonized, ppr. jargonizing. [< OF. jargoniser, speak jargon; as jargon1 + -ize.] To speak a jargon; utter uncouth and unintelligible sounds. jargoon (jär-gön′), n. Same as jargon2. jarkt, n. [Appar. a perversion of jack1, in same sense: see jack1, n., 21.] A seal (see extract under jarkman). Fraternitie of Vacabondes, 1575. (Halliwell.) jarkmant, n. [Appar. a perversion of jackman, in same sense. Cf. jark.] 1. A particular kind of swindling beggar. See the quotation. There [are] some in this Schoole of Beggers that practise writing and reading, and those are called Jarkmen [old ed., Jackmen]: yea, the Jarkman is so cunning sometimes that he can speake Latine; which learning of his lifts him vp to aduancement, for by that means he becomes Clarke of their Hall, and his office is to make counterfeit licences, which are called Gybes, to which hee puts seales, and those are termed Jarkes. = 3220 it be English or live oak. It has been somewhat criticized, however, for deficient tenacity and a tendency to warp and shrink. Jarrah-wood is reddish, heavy, and close-grained, works easily and takes a fine polish, and is valuable for building purposes and for furniture. See Eucalyptus. jarry (jär ́i), a. [< jar1 + -y1.] Jarring; reverberating. Theese flaws theyre cabbans wyth stur snar jarrye doe ransack. Stanihurst, Eneid, i. 63. jarseyt (järʼzi), n. An obsolete form of jersey. jarvel, v. t. See jarble. jarvey, jarvy (jär’vi), n.; pl. jarveys, jarvies (-viz). [Also jarvie; prob., like some other vehicle-names, of personal origin, from the surname Jarvie or Jarvis, which is another form of Jervis, Gervase.] 1. The driver of a hackneycoach. [Eng. slang.] The Glass-coachman waits, and in what mood! A bro ther jarvie drives up, enters into conversation; is answered cheerfully in jarvie dialect. Carlyle, French Rev., II. iv. 3. To the "Phaynix" Park a jarvey will be the best ciceThe Century, XXIX. 178. 2. A hackney-coach. rone. I stepped into the litter - I mean the litter at the bottom of the Jarvy. T. Hook, Gilbert Gurney, III. 1. jarziet (järʼzi), n. An obsolete form of jersey. jaserantt, n. See jesserant. jasey (jā ́zi), n. [Also jazey and jasy; a corruption of jersey.] A kind of wig, originally one made of worsted; a jersey. He looked disdainfully at the wig; it had once been a comely jasey enough, of the colour of over-baked gingerBarham, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 358. bread. Jasione (jas-i-ō'nē), n. [NL. (Linnæus), < Gr. iación (Theophrastus), a plant of the convolvulus kind, bindweed, or, according to others, columbine, appar. connected with laos, healing, 'Iacó, a goddess of healing, < ião@ai, heal.] A genus of plants of the natural order Campanulacea, containing about a dozen species of herbs belonging to temperate Europe. The corolla is narrowly five-parted; the anthers are somewhat connate at their base. The flowers are borne at the ends of the branches in hemispherical heads with leafy involu cres. J. montana, with bright-blue flowers, is the common sheep's-bit of Great Britain, and extends throughout Europe, the extreme northern part excepted. jasmine, jasmin (jasʼmin or jazʼmin), n. [In two forms: (1) jasmine, also spelled jasmin D. jasmijn G. Dan. Sw. jasmin), < OF. jasmin, josmin, F. jasmin Sp. jazmin = Pg. jasmim; NL. jasminum; (2) jessamin, also spelled jessamine, and formerly jessemin, < OF. jessemin, jelsomine: It. gesmino, also gelsomino (cf. Gelsemium and gelsemin, q. v.) and gelsimo, jasmine; < Ar. *yāsmin, yesmin, Turk. yasemin, < Pers. yasmin, also yasamin, jasmine. Cf. Gr. lágun, also iaouέhatov (hauv, oil) and iáoμvov μupov (upov, juice), a Persian perfume, perhaps oil of = Bastard Jasmine, species of the genus Cestrum.-Cape Jasmine, Gardenia florida.- Carolina or yellow jasmine, Gelsemium sempervirens.-Chili Jasmine, Mandevilla suaveolens.-French jasmine, Calotropis procera.Jasmine, Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis.-Red Jasmine, PluJasmine box, species of the genus Phillyrea.-Night jasper-wash Jasminum (jas'mi-num), n. [NL. (Linnæus): see jasmine.] A genus of the natural order Oleacea, containing some 90 species of shrubby, often climbing, plants, indigenous in the warmer parts of the old world, especially in Asia, many of them cultivated. The corolla of the flowers has a cylindrical tube (which includes the two stamens), and a spreading limb, with usually four or five divisions. The leaves are pinnately compound, or reduced to a single leaflet. The white or yellow flowers are axillary or terminal. Well-known species are: J. offici nale, the common white jasmine, thoroughly naturalized in southern Europe; J. grandiflorum, from India, variously called Malabar or Catalonian or Spanish jasmine; and J. Sambac, the Arabian jasmine. The ordinary jasmine-oil is furnished mainly by the first two, which are extensively cultivated for the purpose in southern Europe; but the last yields a similar perfume. Many other species are prized for their elegance and fragrance. jaspt (jasp), n. [< ME. jaspe, ‹ OF. jaspe, ‹ L. iaspis, jasper: see jasper.] Jasper. The floore of Jasp and Emeraude was dight. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, 1. 25. jaspachatel (jas'pa-kāt), n. [<F. jaspagate, < L. iaspachates, Gr. iaoraxárns, ‹ iaomi, jasper, +axárns, agate.] Agate jasper. jaspe (jasp), n. [F., lit. jasper: see jasper.] A dark-gray substance produced by deoxidizing crystalled glass: used in ornamental art. D. M. Wallace, Art Jour., N. S., IX. 222. jaspé (jas'pā), a. [F., pp. of jasper (= Sp. Pg. jaspear), make like jasper, jaspe, jasper: see < jasper.] In decorative art, especially in ceramics, having a surface ornamented with veins, spots, cloudings, etc., as if in imitation of jasper; jasperated; jaspidean. jasper (jas pèr), n. [< ME. jasper, jaspre, also jaspe (and as L. iaspis), < OF. jaspre, an occasional form (with excrescent r) of jaspe, F. jaspe Pr. jaspi Sp. Pg. jaspe It. jaspide (also diaspro, ML. diasprus, ult. E. diaper, and obs. diaspre, q. v.) = D. G. jaspis, < L. iaspis (iaspid-), < Gr. iaomic, ‹ Ar. yasb, yasf, yashb (> Pers. yashb) Heb. yashpheh, jasper.] Among the ancients, a bright-colored chalcedony (not, however, including carnelian), translucent and varying in color, green being apparently most common. It was highly esteemed as a precious stone. = = = 1. Her light was like unto a stone most precious, even like a jasper stone. Rev. xxi. 11. 2. In modern usage, a closely compact cryptocrystalline variety of quartz, opaque or nearly so, and colored red, yellow, or brown, or less often green. The color is usually due to oxid of iron, the anhydrous oxid being present in the red, and the hy drated oxid in the yellow and brown varieties. Some kinds contain clay as an impurity, and a red jasper rock (sometimes called jasperite) occurs on a large scale with the iron ores of the Lake Superior region. The finer varieties of jasper admit of a good polish, and are used for vases, snuff-boxes, seals, etc. Banded or striped jasper (also called of red and green. Agate jasper has layers of chalcedony. Egyptian jasper, much used in ancient art, was found near the Nile, in nodules having zones of red, yellow, or brown colors. Porcelain jasper is merely a baked indurated clay, often of a bright-red color. Dekker, Belman of London, sig. C 3 (ed. 1608), jasmine.] A plant of the genus Jasminum. ribbon-jasper) is a kind having the color in broad stripes, as 2. A begging-letter writer. [Slang.] jarl (järl, properly yärl), n. [Icel., Dan. Sw. jarl: = AS. eorl, E. earl: see earl.] In Scand. hist.: (a) A man of noble birth; a nobleman. (b) A chief; as a title, an earl; a count. The name was used both as a family title and as an official designation. In Iceland, practically a republican commonwealth, it never took root. Our ætheling, ceorl, and slave are found in the oldest tradition of the north as jarl, carl, and thrall; in later times carl begat the bonder and jarl the king. J. R. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 55. jarlet, v. i. [A freq. of jarl, or contr. of jargle.] To quarrel; be at odds. The odd £30 shall come with the £100, or else my father and I will jarle. Sir P. Sidney (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 308). jarnut (järʼnut), n. [E. dial., due to Dan. jordnöd or D. aardnoot = E. earthnut. Cf. jarworm, a dial. form of earthworm.] The earthnut or pignut. See Bunium. jarool (ja-röl'), n. [E. Ind.] A timber-tree of India, Lagerstræmia Flos-Regina. jarosite (ja-rō'sīt), n. [Named from a locality, Barranco Jaroso, in Spain.] A native hydrous sulphate of iron and potassium, occurring in ocher-yellow rhombohedral crystals, and also in granular masses. jar-owl (jär'oul), n. The churn-owl, night-jar, or night-churr, Caprimulgus europæus. jarrah (jar'ä), n. [Australian.] The Eucalyptus marginata, or mahogany gum-tree, abounding in southwestern Australia. It is famous for its indestructible wood, which is not attacked by the chelura, teredo, or termites, and does not easily decay. It is, therefore, highly valued for marine and underground uses, as for jetties, railroad-ties, and telegraph-poles. Australian ship-builders prefer it to any other timber, unless meria rubra. See frangipani.—Wild jasmine, the windflower, Anemone nemorosa. Jasmineæ (jas-min'e-ē), n. pl. [NL. (Jussieu, 1789), Jasminum +-ea.] A plant-tribe of the Jasminum. It is distinguished by the fruit being twin, natural order Oleacea, typified by the genus or septicidally divisible into two, by the lobes of the corolla being strongly imbricated and twisted in the bud, and by the seeds being erect and having little or no albumen. jasmine-tree (jas'min-tre), n. The red jasmine, Plumeria rubra, of the West Indies. See Plumeria. a Flowering Branch of Jasmine (Jasmínum officinale). a, flower entire; b, flower opened to show the stamens; c, pistil. jasperite (jas pėr-īt), n. [< jasper + -ite2.] See jasper, 2. " jasperize (jas pėr-iz), v. t.; pret. and pp. jasperized, ppr. jasperizing. [ jasper + -ize.] To convert into a form of silica like jasper. The "petrified forest" near Corriza in Apache county, Arizona, contains large quantities of jasperized wood, much of it true agate and jasper, and of great beauty when polished. It is extensively used for ornamental objects; single sections of the tree-trunks form table-tops, etc. The Arizona agatized or jasperized wood shows the most beautiful variety of colours of any petrified wood in the world. Nature, XXXVII. 68. jasper-opal (jas′pėr-ō"pal), n. An impure variety of the common opal, containing some yellow iron oxid and having the color of yellow jasper. Also called jasp-opal and opal-jasper. jasper-ware (jas'per-war), n. A kind of pottery invented by Josiah Wedgwood, and described by him as "a white terra-cotta" and as "a white porcelain bisque (biscuit)." This paste was used by Wedgwood for his most delicate work, especially for the small reliefs called "cameos" with which he ornamented his finest vases, etc., and which were also made for setting in jewelry. Also called cameo-ware. jasper-wash (jas'pèr-wosh), n. A kind of ceramic decoration introduced by Wedgwood in 1777. In this the more expensive jasper-ware is used only for the surface, the body being of coarser material. Also called jasper-dip. |